Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 5 de 5
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
País de afiliação
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
J Nutr ; 150(9): 2435-2441, 2020 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32678445

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Observational investigations into the health impacts of low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) in humans fail to adequately identify or fully characterize LCS consumption. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to utilize a novel biomarker approach to investigate exposure to 5 LCSs and to test whether reported low-calorie sweetened beverage (LCSB) consumption effectively identifies exposure to LCSs in adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional analysis, 2 population studies were conducted in adults. Urinary excretions of 5 LCSs, namely acesulfame-K, saccharin, cyclamate, sucralose, and steviol glycosides, were simultaneously determined using LC tandem-MS. In Study 1, previously collected 24-h urine samples (n = 357) were analyzed. In Study 2, previously collected 24-h urine samples (n = 79) were analyzed to compare urinary excretions of LCSs with self-reported LCSB consumption for identifying LCS exposure. Exposure to LCSs was characterized using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed to assess associations between age-groups and LCS excretion, and to assess the proportion of individuals identified as LCS consumers using biomarker data or reported LCSB consumption. RESULTS: A total of 341 adults (45% men) and 79 adults (39% men) were included in the final analysis of Studies 1 and 2, respectively. In Study 1, >96% of samples contained ≥1 LCS and almost 60% contained ≥3 LCSs. A greater proportion of younger adults (<40 y old) excreted ≥3 LCSs than older adults (>40 y old) (P < 0.001). In Study 2, a much higher prevalence of LCS consumption was observed using biomarker data (92%) than reported LCSB consumption (6%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This work indicates widespread exposure to LCSs, suggesting that population-based research to date into LCS exposure and health may be flawed. Therefore, a urinary biomarker approach offers considerable potential for more robust investigations in this area.


Assuntos
Edulcorantes/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/urina , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Edulcorantes/química , Adulto Jovem
2.
Behav Res Ther ; 123: 103503, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31715324

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are common, debilitating and costly. These disorders are influenced by multiple risk factors, from genes to psychological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors, but research is hampered by a lack of sufficiently large comprehensive studies. We are recruiting 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety and broad assessment of risks to facilitate future research. METHODS: The Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (www.gladstudy.org.uk) recruits individuals with depression or anxiety into the NIHR Mental Health BioResource. Participants invited to join the study (via media campaigns) provide demographic, environmental and genetic data, and consent for medical record linkage and recontact. RESULTS: Online recruitment was effective; 42,531 participants consented and 27,776 completed the questionnaire by end of July 2019. Participants' questionnaire data identified very high rates of recurrent depression, severe anxiety, and comorbidity. Participants reported high rates of treatment receipt. The age profile of the sample is biased toward young adults, with higher recruitment of females and the more educated, especially at younger ages. DISCUSSION: This paper describes the study methodology and descriptive data for GLAD, which represents a large, recontactable resource that will enable future research into risks, outcomes, and treatment for anxiety and depression.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/genética , Depressão/genética , Seleção de Pacientes , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Transtornos Fóbicos/genética , Adulto Jovem
3.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 9774, 2018 06 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29950585

RESUMO

There is currently a lack of an efficient, objective and systemic approach towards the classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to its complex etiology and pathogenesis. As AD is inherently dynamic, it is also not clear how the relationships among AD indicators vary over time. To address these issues, we propose a hybrid computational approach for AD classification and evaluate it on the heterogeneous longitudinal AIBL dataset. Specifically, using clinical dementia rating as an index of AD severity, the most important indicators (mini-mental state examination, logical memory recall, grey matter and cerebrospinal volumes from MRI and active voxels from PiB-PET brain scans, ApoE, and age) can be automatically identified from parallel data mining algorithms. In this work, Bayesian network modelling across different time points is used to identify and visualize time-varying relationships among the significant features, and importantly, in an efficient way using only coarse-grained data. Crucially, our approach suggests key data features and their appropriate combinations that are relevant for AD severity classification with high accuracy. Overall, our study provides insights into AD developments and demonstrates the potential of our approach in supporting efficient AD diagnosis.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/classificação , Teorema de Bayes , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons
4.
Circulation ; 113(1): 74-80, 2006 Jan 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16380544

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses predict that a 25% lowering of plasma homocysteine would reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 11% to 16% and stroke by 19% to 24%. Individuals homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C-->T polymorphism have reduced MTHFR enzyme activity resulting from the inappropriate loss of the riboflavin cofactor, but it is unknown whether their typically high homocysteine levels are responsive to improved riboflavin status. METHODS AND RESULTS: From a register of 680 healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age of known MTHFR 677C-->T genotype, we identified 35 with the homozygous (TT) genotype and age-matched individuals with heterozygous (CT, n=26) or wild-type (CC, n=28) genotypes to participate in an intervention in which participants were randomized by genotype group to receive 1.6 mg/d riboflavin or placebo for a 12-week period. Supplementation increased riboflavin status to the same extent in all genotype groups (8% to 12% response in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient; P<0.01 in each case). However, homocysteine responded only in the TT group, with levels decreasing by as much as 22% overall (from 16.1+/-1.5 to 12.5+/-0.8 micromol/L; P=0.003; n=32) and markedly so (by 40%) in those with lower riboflavin status at baseline (from 22.0+/-2.9 and 13.2+/-1.0 micromol/L; P=0.010; n=16). No homocysteine response was observed in the CC or CT groups despite being preselected for suboptimal riboflavin status. CONCLUSIONS: Although previously overlooked, homocysteine is highly responsive to riboflavin, specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677 TT genotype. Our findings might explain why this common polymorphism carries an increased risk of coronary heart disease in Europe but not in North America, where riboflavin fortification has existed for >50 years.


Assuntos
Homocisteína/sangue , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Riboflavina/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doença das Coronárias/etnologia , Doença das Coronárias/genética , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Suplementos Nutricionais , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Homocisteína/efeitos dos fármacos , Homozigoto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Norte/epidemiologia , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico
5.
J Agric Food Chem ; 65(22): 4516-4525, 2017 Jun 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28506059

RESUMO

Although the use of low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) is widespread, methods of assessing consumption within free-living populations have inherent limitations. Five commonly consumed LCSs, namely, acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, cyclamate, and steviol glycosides, are excreted via the urine, and therefore a urinary biomarker approach may provide more objective LCS intake data. A LC-ESI-MS/MS method of simultaneously determining acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, cyclamate, and the excretory metabolite of steviol glycosides, steviol glucuronide, in human urine was developed and validated. Linearity was observed over a concentration range of 10-1000 ng/mL with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.9969 to 0.9997. Accuracy ranged from 92 to 104%, and intrabatch and interday precisions were within acceptable limits with %CV below 8% for all compounds. A double-blind, randomized crossover dose-response study was conducted to assess the usefulness of urinary LCS excretions (from both fasting spot and a full 24-h urine collection) for investigating recent intakes. Both modes of sampling were useful for distinguishing between the three short-term intakes of acesulfame-K, saccharin, cyclamates, and steviol glycosides (p < 0.001), whereas for sucralose, urinary concentrations were useful for distinguishing between low (0.1% ADI) and high doses (10% ADI) only (p < 0.001). In summary, this biomarker approach may be useful for assessing intakes of five commonly consumed LCSs.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/urina , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Edulcorantes/análise , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Urina/química , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Ciclamatos/análise , Ciclamatos/metabolismo , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/metabolismo , Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/urina , Humanos , Sacarina/análise , Sacarina/metabolismo , Sacarose/análogos & derivados , Sacarose/análise , Sacarose/metabolismo , Sacarose/urina , Edulcorantes/metabolismo , Tiazinas/metabolismo , Tiazinas/urina
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA