Bleeding during tooth extraction in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This work measures the intra-operative bleeding in end-stage renal disease patients and assesses whether laboratory coagulation tests and nitrogenous compounds are related to a higher bleeding risk. METHODS: Laboratory tests were performed on the day of surgery and some patients with thrombocytopenia and values above the normal levels of international normalised ratio (INR), thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were identified. RESULTS: Haemostatic time ranged from 2 to 35 min (mean of 8.51 min) after suture. Bleeding volume ranged from 0.02 to 67.06 mL (mean of 4.38 mL) and the bleeding volume per minute ranged from 0.05 to 2.10 mL/min (median of 0.6 mL/min). Only seven patients (16.27%) had abnormal bleeding (more than 0.6 mL/min). Spearman's coefficient showed weak correlations between bleeding volume (mL/min) and serum urea (r = 0.226), TT (r = 0.227), plasma urea (r = 0.148) and creatinine (r = 146), as well as very weak correlations with all other variables (r < 0.140) such as age, haemodialysis time, glycaemia, glycated haemoglobin, platelets, INR, aPTT and fibrinogen. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to associate any laboratory test or nitrogenous compounds present in the blood and saliva with an increased bleeding.

Complications related to dental extractions in patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To clinically assess socket healing after tooth extraction and the occurrence of intra- and postoperative complications in patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF) receiving hemodialysis (HD) by comparing them with a control group. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective study involved 48 patients with CKF receiving HD (study group [SG]) and 29 participants without CKF (control group [CG]) undergoing tooth extractions. No prophylactic antibiotic was administered to the participants. One calibrated dentist evaluated all individuals at 3, 7, 21, and 60 days after the tooth extractions and assessed hemostasis time, occurrence of local or distant infection, epithelialization, and deposition of alveolar bone. RESULTS: In the SG, 87 teeth were extracted through 65 interventions, and in the CG, 76 teeth were extracted through 36 interventions. Bleeding beyond 30 minutes was observed in 12 interventions (18.5%) in SG participants and was controlled with local hemostatic agents. Neither group had individuals presenting with postoperative infectious complications at the surgical site or at a distance. After 21 days, we observed delayed epithelialization in 29.9% (26 of 87) of the individuals in the SG compared with 3.9% (3 of 37) of those in the CG (P < .001). After 60 days, all the sockets were epithelialized and showing radiographic signs of alveolar bone neoformation. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with CKF receiving hemodialysis tend to heal well after dental extractions. They did not have an increased risk of infectious complications after simple tooth extractions, but they showed prolonged bleeding events more often than control subjects. Additional research studies using larger sample sizes of patients with CKF receiving hemodialysis are needed to confirm our findings.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient under treatment of osteoporosis with oral bisphosphonate.

Although uncommon in patients under oral therapy, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) can be a very severe issue. Early intervention with surgical resection should be the preferable method of treating any stage of the disease, resulting in better outcomes and decreasing the morbidity of this condition. A 77-year-old female patient attended the Special Care Dentistry Centre of the University of São Paulo Faculty of Dentistry (CAPE FOUSP) complaining mainly of "an exposed bone that appeared after tooth extraction performed six months earlier". The patient was diagnosed with osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonate (sodium ibandronate) and surgically treated with removal of bone sequestration and antibiotic therapy. The patient was followed up for six years (a total of 6 appointments), presenting good general health and no sign of bone exposure. Imaging findings showed no changes related to BRONJ either.

An interesting case of systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with Moebius syndrome.

Moebius' syndrome (MS) is characterized by a nonprogressive facial palsy associated with impairment in eye abduction, which can be uni- or bilateral. Some authors raise the possibility that patients with MS may suffer from social stigmatism due to their facial dysmorphism and that constant teasing and bullying perpetrated by people in the same social circle are adjuvants in the development of low self-esteem, behavioral problems, and even psychiatric disorders. Psychological stress, anxiety, and depression are factors contributing to both development and impairment of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this work is to report the case of a patient with MS who developed SLE. In the present case report, we have emphasized the importance of both clinical dental examination and surgeon-dentist in the early diagnosis of systemic diseases by considering that these conditions can affect both syndromic and normoreactive patients.

Fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal por adultos em hemodiálise / Factors associated with self-rated oral health in adults with hemodialysis

Resumo Introdução Pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica podem apresentar prejuízos em sua saúde bucal em decorrência da própria doença, do tratamento e das alterações de estilo de vida associadas. Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim entre adultos com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise. Método Estudo transversal com 243 adultos submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital do sul de Minas Gerais nos anos de 2013 e 2014. O desfecho foi avaliado pelo autorrelato da condição bucal dicotomizada em boa (ótima/boa) e ruim (regular/ruim/péssima). As variáveis independentes incluíram condições sociodemográficas, saúde geral, saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos, a partir de informações coletadas por meio de questionário. A associação entre o desfecho e as variáveis independentes foi testada por meio de modelos logísticos múltiplos com inclusão hierarquizada de variáveis. Resultados A prevalência de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim foi de 35,4%. Os mais jovens (p = 0,015), os que se submetem à hemodiálise há menos tempo (p = 0,016), têm halitose (p <0,001), necessitam de tratamento odontológico (p <0,001) e tiveram a última consulta odontológica por motivo diferente de dor (p = 0,027) expressaram maiores chances de autoavaliação de saúde bucal ruim, independentemente de condições sociodemográficas e de saúde. Conclusão Condições sociodemográficas, tempo em hemodiálise, agravos à saúde bucal e uso de serviços odontológicos influenciaram a autoavaliação da saúde bucal dos adultos submetidos à hemodiálise.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic renal failure may have their oral health impaired as a result of the disease itself, its treatment, and its associated lifestyle alterations. Objective To assess the factors associated with poor self-rated oral health among adults with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. Method This is a cross-sectional study with 243 adults undergoing hemodialysis in a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil in 2013-2014. The outcome was assessed by the self-report of oral health categorized into good (excellent/good) and bad (fair/bad / very bad). The independent variables included sociodemographic conditions, general health, oral health, and the use of dental services were collected through a structured questionnaire. The association between the outcome and the independent variables was tested using multiple logistic models with hierarchical inclusion of variables. Results The prevalence of poor self-rated oral health was 35.4%. The youngest (p = 0.015), those who have undergone hemodialysis in the shortest time (p = 0.016), have halitosis (p <0.001), need dental treatment (p <0.001), and had their last dental appointment not for pain (p = 0.027) expressed higher odds of poor self-rated oral health, independently of sociodemographic and health conditions. Conclusion Sociodemographic conditions, time on hemodialysis, oral impairments, and use of dental services affected the oral health self-assessment among adults undergoing hemodialysis.

Polyomavirus BK and JC in individuals with chronic kidney failure, kidney transplantation, and healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: New clinical approaches to diagnose and monitor individuals with systemic diseases have been employed through the use of oral fluids. Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) and JC (JCPyV) infect asymptomatically around 80% of general population worldwide remaining latent in the body. In case of immunosuppression, a replication can occur, leading to diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect and quantify BKPyV and JCPyV in oral fluids of individuals with chronic kidney failure (CKF), kidney transplantation (KT) and controls compared with their detection in blood and urine, traditionally used for this test. STUDY DESIGN: Forty six subjects were included and distributed into 3 groups: 14 with CKF (Group 1), 12 with KT (Group 2) and 20 healthy individuals (Group 3). In a total, 315 samples were collected and analyzed through RT-PCR, being 151 of gingival crevicular fluid, 46 of saliva, 46 of mouthwash, 43 of blood and 29 of urine. RESULTS: All subjects from group 1 were positive for BKPyV in at least one collected samples and 14% were positive for JCPyV. In Group 2, 91.7% were positive for BKPyV and 51.7% for JCPyV. Among subjects of Group 3, 80% were positive for BKPyV and 45% for JCPyV. CONCLUSIONS: Oral fluids exhibited high prevalence of BKPyV and JCPyV and were equally efficient compared to urine and blood. The use of oral fluids to detect these polyomaviruses enhances positivity in screening, even in cases of absence of viremia and especially in individuals who are not able to urinate.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient under treatment of osteoporosis with oral bisphosphonate

Although uncommon in patients under oral therapy, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) can be a very severe issue. Early intervention with surgical resection should be the preferable method of treating any stage of the disease, resulting in better outcomes and decreasing the morbidity of this condition. A 77-year-old female patient attended the Special Care Dentistry Centre of the University of São Paulo Faculty of Dentistry (CAPE FOUSP) complaining mainly of "an exposed bone that appeared after tooth extraction performed six months earlier". The patient was diagnosed with osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonate (sodium ibandronate) and surgically treated with removal of bone sequestration and antibiotic therapy. The patient was followed up for six years (a total of 6 appointments), presenting good general health and no sign of bone exposure. Imaging findings showed no changes related to BRONJ either.

Communication in deafblind adults with Usher syndrome: retrospective observational study.

PURPOSE: To characterize the communication and the main mechanisms that facilitate interpersonal relationships of deafblind, especially in relation to communication and locomotion and the impact of these aspects on deafblindness. METHODS: Report of a series of cases conducted from semi-structured interviews with questions relating to the functionality of communication, with Usher syndrome patients attended in a specialized clinic in a university service, in the year 2007. The sample consisted of 11 deafblind subjects, with Usher syndrome, aged between 20 and 57 years (mean age 43 years and SD=12.27), of which 7 (63.6%) were female. The responses were analyzed by qualitative-quantitative technique of the Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). RESULTS: All participants reported that visual and auditory symptoms began in childhood. Of the 11 interviewed, 6 reported that the disease has negatively affected their daily activities, 6 experienced difficulty at work, and 2 at leisure. Four reported that there was a change in family relationships, and 5 reported no change in the interaction with family and friends. In discourse analysis, almost 30% of respondents reported to use alternative forms of communication, 40% said move alone if the way is known before. Only 1 of 11 participants said they did not ask for help when needed. CONCLUSION: Individuals diagnosed with Usher syndrome face challenging situations in daily activities, personal relationships, at work and at play. Alternative forms of communication are often used when verbal communication is not possible. The majority of respondents have independence of locomotion, or seeking ways to achieve it.

Osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de medicações: Diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção / Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Diagnosis, treatment and prevention / Osteonecrosis de los maxilares relacionados con el uso de medicamentos: Diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención

Resumo A osteonecrose dos maxilares é uma alteração óssea que pode ser induzida pelo uso de drogas indicadas para o tratamento de pacientes com osteoporose e tumores malignos. Inicialmente acreditava-se estar associada apenas ao uso de bisfosfonatos, atualmente sabe-se que também está vinculada ao uso de outro antirresorptivo (denosumabe) e de antiangiogênico (bevacizumabe). Não se sabe ao certo qual é o mecanismo de desenvolvimento e ainda não existe um protocolo único de tratamento definido, mas existem diversos trabalhos sendo publicados sobre o tema. Com a crescente quantidade de casos relatados é de suma importância que o profissional de saúde saiba diagnosticar, identificar os riscos e tratar essa condição.

Abstract Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a bone alteration that can be induced using drugs indicated for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis and malignant tumors. Initially it was believed to be associated only with the use of bisphosphonates, currently it is known that it is also linked to the use of other antiresorptive (denosumab) and antiangiogenic (bevacizumab). It is not known what the development mechanism is and there is still no single defined treatment protocol, but there are several papers being published on the topic. With the increasing number of cases reported, it is extremely important that the health professional can diagnose, identify the risks and treat this condition.

Resumen La osteonecrosis de los maxilares es una alteración ósea que puede ser inducida por el uso de drogas indicadas para el tratamiento de pacientes con osteoporosis y tumores malignos. Inicialmente se creía estar asociada sólo al uso de bisfosfonatos, actualmente se sabe que también está vinculada al uso de otro antirresorptivo (denosumab) y de antiangiogénico (bevacizumabe). No se sabe con certeza cuál es el mecanismo de desarrollo y aún no existe un protocolo único de tratamiento definido, pero existen diversos trabajos siendo publicados sobre el tema. Con la creciente cantidad de casos reportados es de suma importancia que el profesional de salud pueda diagnosticar, identificar los riesgos y tratar esa condición.

Comunicação em adultos surdocegos com síndrome de Usher: estudo observacional retrospectivo / Communication in deafblind adults with Usher syndrome: retrospective observational study

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as características e desafios enfrentados por surdocegos para comunicar-se e locomover-se; avaliar as repercussões da surdocegueira na vida dos sujeitos, especialmente em relação à comunicação e locomoção. MÉTODOS: Relato de série de casos realizado a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com questões relativas à funcionalidade da comunicação, com indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Usher que frequentaram um ambulatório especializado em um serviço universitário, durante o ano de 2007. A amostra foi composta por 11 sujeitos surdocegos portadores da síndrome de Usher, com idades entre 20 e 57 anos (média de 43 anos e DP=12,27), dos quais 7 (63,6%) eram do gênero feminino. As respostas foram analisadas qualiquantitativamente pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). RESULTADOS: Todos os entrevistados referiram que os sintomas visuais e auditivos tiveram início na infância. Dos 11 entrevistados, 6 sentiram que a doença afetou negativamente suas atividades cotidianas, 6 sentiram dificuldade no trabalho, 2 no lazer. Quatro relataram que houve mudança no relacionamento familiar e 5 relataram que não houve mudança na interação com a família e com os amigos. Na análise do discurso, quase 30% dos entrevistados relataram utilizar-se de formas alternativas de comunicação; 40% afirmaram deslocar-se sozinho se o trajeto for previamente conhecido. CONCLUSÃO: Os indivíduos com síndrome de Usher enfrentam situações desafiadoras nas atividades cotidianas, nos relacionamentos pessoais, no trabalho e no lazer. Formas alternativas de comunicação são muito utilizadas quando a comunicação oral não é possível. A maioria dos entrevistados referiu independência de locomoção, ou procurava alcançá-la.

PURPOSE: To characterize the communication and the main mechanisms that facilitate interpersonal relationships of deafblind, especially in relation to communication and locomotion and the impact of these aspects on deafblindness. METHODS: Report of a series of cases conducted from semi-structured interviews with questions relating to the functionality of communication, with Usher syndrome patients attended in a specialized clinic in a university service, in the year 2007. The sample consisted of 11 deafblind subjects, with Usher syndrome, aged between 20 and 57 years (mean age 43 years and SD=12.27), of which 7 (63.6%) were female. The responses were analyzed by qualitative-quantitative technique of the Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). RESULTS: All participants reported that visual and auditory symptoms began in childhood. Of the 11 interviewed, 6 reported that the disease has negatively affected their daily activities, 6 experienced difficulty at work, and 2 at leisure. Four reported that there was a change in family relationships, and 5 reported no change in the interaction with family and friends. In discourse analysis, almost 30% of respondents reported to use alternative forms of communication, 40% said move alone if the way is known before. Only 1 of 11 participants said they did not ask for help when needed. CONCLUSION: Individuals diagnosed with Usher syndrome face challenging situations in daily activities, personal relationships, at work and at play. Alternative forms of communication are often used when verbal communication is not possible. The majority of respondents have independence of locomotion, or seeking ways to achieve it.

Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo: uma breve introdução à ferramenta de pesquisa qualiquantitativa / Discourse of Collective Subject: a brief introduction to a qualitative-quantitative research tool / Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo: una breve introducción a la herramienta deinvestigación cualitativa y cuantitativa

As pesquisas avaliativas, utilizando metodologias qualitativas e qualiquantitativas, ainda são restritas, escassas e pouco acessíveis aos leitores de publicações científicas na área da saúde. Entretanto, questõesrelativas ao coletivo podem ser mais adequadamente exploradas a partir de metodologias qualitativas. O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) é uma técnica de tabulação e organização de dados qualitativos e tem como fundamento a teoria da Representação Social. Ele representa uma mudança nas pesquisas qualitativas porque permite que se conheça os pensamentos, representações, crenças e valores de uma coletividade sobre um determinado tema utilizando-se de métodos científicos. A pesquisa qualitativa trabalha com o universo de significados, motivos, aspirações, crenças, valores e atitudes; com um nível de realidade que não pode ser totalmente quantificado. O desafio a que o DSC busca responder é o da auto-expressão do pensamento ou opinião coletiva, respeitando-se a dupla condição qualitativa e quantitativa destes...

The researches using qualitative and qualitative-quantitative methodologies are still restricted, scarce and not easily accessible to readers of scientific publications in health. However, issues relating to the collective can be better explored from qualitative methodologies. The Discourse of Collective Subject (DSC) is a technique of tabulation and organization of qualitative data and is based upon the theory of Social Representation. It represents a change in qualitative research because it allows to know the thoughts, images, beliefs and values of a community on a given topic using scientific methods. Qualitative research works with the universe of meanings, motives, aspirations, beliefs, values and attitudes, with a level of reality that can not be fully quantified. The challenge that the DSC seeks to answer is that of self-expression of the collective thought or opinion, respecting the double condition of qualitative and quantitative...

Los estudios de evaluación con metodologías cualitativas, cuantitativas y cualitativas son todavía restringido, escaso y de difícil acceso para los lectores de las publicaciones científicas en salud. Sin embargo, las cuestiones relacionadas con el colectivo pueden ser mejor aprovechadas a partir de metodologías cualitativas. El Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC) es una técnica de tabulación y organización de datos cualitativos y se basa en la teoría de la Representación Social. Representa un cambio en la investigación cualitativa, ya que permite conocer los pensamientos, imágenes, creencias y valores de una comunidad sobre un tema determinado mediante métodos científicos. La investigación cualitativa trabaja con el universo de significados, motivaciones, aspiraciones, creencias, valores y actitudes, con un nivel de realidad que no pueden ser cuantificados. El reto para el DSC trata de responder es la de auto-expresión del pensamiento colectivo o de opinión, respetando la doble condición de cualitativos y cuantitativos...

Aplicação de gabaritos na análise da dentadura decídua / Diagrams application in the deciduous dentition analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: foram indicados, recentemente, gabaritos para analisar se a dentadura decídua encontra-se normal ou alterada. OBJETIVO: o presente estudo propôs aplicar os gabaritos desenvolvidos por Long em 59 modelos de dentaduras decíduas normais (grupo A) e 139 alteradas (grupo B), para avaliar sua eficiência clínica, à luz dos critérios clínicos conhecidos, que caracterizam uma oclusão normal e uma má oclusão. METODOLOGIA: o grupo A, com 118 modelos de estudo de pacientes com oclusão normal, foi estratificado em 42 modelos de arcos superiores e 36 inferiores tipo I de Baume, e 17 modelos superiores e 23 inferiores de arcos tipo II. O grupo B, com 278 modelos de estudo com más oclusões diversas, foi composto por 78 arcos superiores e 75 inferiores tipo I, e 61 arcos superiores e 64 inferiores do tipo II. Examinou-se um total de 396 modelos. RESULTADOS: os resultados do teste de Kappa entre as variáveis gabarito e critérios clínicos revelaram baixa concordância entre diagnóstico de normalidade e anormalidade da dentadura, independentemente do tipo de arco avaliado. Os gabaritos discordaram em 78 por cento dos casos diagnosticados clinicamente como normais e em 20 por cento dos diagnosticados com erros morfológicos. CONCLUSÃO: os gabaritos propostos não se aplicam à avaliação da dentadura decídua.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, diagrams have been developed in order to analyze normality and malocclusion in the deciduous dentition. AIM: The aim of this study is to apply the diagrams developed by Long in 59 cast models of normal dentitions (group A) and 139 abnormal (group B), in order to evaluate its clinical efficiency before the known clinical criteria, which characterizes normal occlusion and malocclusion. METHODS: Group A, with 118 casts of patients with normal occlusion, was stratified in 42 models of superior arches and 36 of inferior ones of type I of Baume; 17 superior casts and 23 inferior ones of arches of type II. Group B, with 278 casts with different types of malocclusions, was composed of 78 superior arches and 75 inferior ones of type I; 61 superior arches and 64 inferior ones of type II. A total of 396 casts were examined. RESULTS: The Kappa test between diagrams and clinical criteria demonstrated low concordance between diagnosis of normality and abnormality of the dentition, regardless of the type of arch evaluated. The diagrams disagree in 78 percent of the cases clinically diagnosed as normal and in 20 percent of those with morphological errors. CONCLUSION: the proposed diagrams don't apply to the primary dentition evaluation.

Confecção imediata de elementos provisórios em resina composta, inseridos ao aparelho ortodôntico fixo / Immediate provisional teeth performed in composite resin, directed to fixed appliances

A confecção de elementos dentários provisórios para adaptação em espaços edêntulos na região anterior das arcadas, durante o tratamento ortodôntico, é um procedimento bastante rotineiro. Esse artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar uma técnica simples para a confecção de elementos dentários provisórios utilizando-se resina composta restauradora fotopolimerizável. Tal técnica permite a obtenção de elementos provisórios com ótimas características estéticas, boa aderência ao braquete ortodôntico e baixo custo, entre outras vantagens.