An Alternative Prosthodontic Management of Maxillary Dentoalveolar Defect in a Patient With Cleft Palate and Lip: Case Report.

Cleft palate/lip is a frequently occurring congenital anomaly; one in every 800 births results in such a problem. Different treatment options are available for replacing missing soft and hard tissues, including removable dental prostheses, fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), and implant prostheses. In the literature, according to different authors, there are different option standard for prosthetic treatment of cleft palate/lip. Some authors report that removable prosthesis is the choice in such cases, some of them regard conventional tooth-supported FDPs as a standard of care. In this case report, the prosthetic treatment of congenital cleft palate/lip was described. Upon the choice of the patient and patient's agreement, the direct construction Fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) adhesive bridge with pink composite gingival epithesis was performed.

Happiness Maximization Is a WEIRD Way of Living.

Psychological science tends to treat subjective well-being and happiness synonymously. We start from the assumption that subjective well-being is more than being happy to ask the fundamental question: What is the ideal level of happiness? From a cross-cultural perspective, we propose that the idealization of attaining maximum levels of happiness may be especially characteristic of Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies but less so for others. Searching for an explanation for why "happiness maximization" might have emerged in these societies, we turn to studies linking cultures to their eco-environmental habitat. We discuss the premise that WEIRD cultures emerged in an exceptionally benign ecological habitat (i.e., faced relatively light existential pressures compared with other regions). We review the influence of the Gulf Stream on the Northwestern European climate as a source of these comparatively benign geographical conditions. We propose that the ecological conditions in which WEIRD societies emerged afforded them a basis to endorse happiness as a value and to idealize attaining its maximum level. To provide a nomological network for happiness maximization, we also studied some of its potential side effects, namely alcohol and drug consumption and abuse and the prevalence of mania. To evaluate our hypothesis, we reanalyze data from two large-scale studies on ideal levels of personal life satisfaction-the most common operationalization of happiness in psychology-involving respondents from 61 countries. We conclude that societies whose members seek to maximize happiness tend to be characterized as WEIRD, and generalizing this across societies can prove problematic if adopted at the ideological and policy level.

Effectiveness of Teeth Whitening after Regenerative Endodontics Procedures: An In Vitro Study.

Discolouration resulting from regenerative endodontic procedures may have a negative impact on the quality of life of treated patients; therefore, it is recommended to minimize this risk by selecting appropriate scaffolds and barrier materials, and if discolouration occurs, the use of a simple, cost-effective and minimally invasive technique, such as whitening, should be considered. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate tooth discolouration after two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures and the effectiveness of subsequent whitening procedures with carbamide peroxide. Two hundred bovine incisors were included in this study and divided into twenty groups based on the tested material combinations. Two groups were control groups, one with saline and the other group with blood. In the 12 groups, the experiment was designed to be consistent with the two-visit regenerative endodontic procedures. Triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide were placed in the root canal, and then scaffolds (e.g., blood or platelet-rich fibrin) and barrier materials (Biodentine, OrthoMTA or MTA Repair HP) were applied after rinsing the disinfectant pastes. In the six groups that corresponded to the single-visit regenerative endodontic procedure, the use of a disinfectant paste was omitted. Subsequently, the specimens were bleached twice with carbamide peroxide at a 7-day interval. Colour change measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Compact 5.0, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal−Wallis H test, the independent t-test and t-test for related samples. Tooth discolouration was noticed after two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures, except for the platelet-rich fibrin+MTA Repair HP group. After the first and second whitening procedures, all of the tested two- and single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures groups showed a change in the colour of the crown, which was noticeable to the naked eye (∆E > 3.3). When analysing the ∆E value between the first and second bleaching procedures, no changes in the colour of teeth were visually noticed in the calcium hydroxide and platelet-rich fibrin +MTA Repair HP groups (∆E < 3.3). Single-visit regenerative endodontic procedures are suggested if possible; however, if two-visit regenerative endodontic procedures are performed, it is recommended to use calcium hydroxide as the disinfectant paste because of the lower staining potential. In the context of discolouration, platelet-rich fibrin is advisable for use as a scaffold. The whitening procedure is worth considering, but does not guarantee a return to the original tooth colour, especially when triple antibiotic paste is used.

Efficiency of Teeth Bleaching after Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this review is to evaluate of effectiveness of bleaching procedures used to treat discolored teeth subsequent to regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) based on the review of in vitro and in vivo studies. This literature review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases) were searched electronically, until 30 January 2020 without a year limit. The quality of studies was assessed using a modified methodological index for non-randomized studies. After analyzing 1405 studies, 6 in vitro and 9 in vivo studies were eligible for this review. In in vitro studies, effectiveness of bleaching was assessed in teeth discolored by antibiotic pastes, blood, and barrier materials in various combinations. In all analyzed studies, bleaching was effective in teeth discolored by antibiotic pastes as well as by blood and barrier materials. Of 26 treated teeth in the in vivo studies, 17 teeth were bleached successfully. In six cases, there was improvement of the shade. In three cases, bleaching was not sufficient. Bleaching material, techniques, and times differed between studies. Whitening of discolored teeth after REPs is achievable. However, to establish precise guidelines, further long-term clinical studies should be performed.

Direct Resin Composite Restoration of Maxillary Central Incisors with Fractured Tooth Fragment Reattachment: Case Report.

This article presents a clinical protocol to reconstruct two accidentally damaged maxillary central incisors using composite resin material and a fractured tooth component. A patient was referred to the clinic with fracture of the two maxillary central incisors. Clinical examination revealed that both teeth were fractured in the middle third of the crown and that the fractures involved enamel and dentin with no pulp exposure. The patient had also suffered a lower lip laceration. When the lip was evaluated, a fractured fragment of the maxillary right central incisor was found inside the wound. The missing part of the tooth was replaced via adhesive attachment. Due to the damage of the fractured part of the maxillary left central incisor, direct composite restoration of this tooth was performed. With the advent of adhesive dentistry, the process of fragment reattachment has become simplified and more reliable. This procedure provides improved function, is faster to perform, and provides long-lasting effects, indicating that reattachment of a coronal fragment is a realistic alternative to placement of conventional resin composite restorations.

[Evaluation of adaptation of FibreFill/Resilon post and Epiphany to the walls of the root canal. Scanning electron microscope study]. / Ocena przylegania wkladu FibreFill/Resilon i Epiphany do scian kanalu korzeniowego. Badanie w elektronowym mikroskopie skaningowym.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the adaptation of sealer to the dentine and to the components of the post, i.e. the part made of composite reinforced with glass fibre and the part made of resilon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 7 extracted one-canal human teeth that were treated using Mtwo nickel-titanium instruments and an Endo IT Professional endodontic micromotor. The canals were rinsed with NaOCl, EDTA and chlorhexidine, and then filled with the Epiphany sealer and FibreFill posts. Next, tooth roots were cut along the frontal plane, to expose the entire lumen length of the filled canal, and inspected under the scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: SEM study demonstrated good adaptation of sealers to the walls of the root canals on their entire length, despite occasional gaps between the sealer and dentine. CONCLUSIONS: The results of preliminary studies suggest that FibreFill posts and Epiphany sealer are useful for canal filling. However, several-years' clinical follow-up is necessary for the complete evaluation of the system.

[Cleanliness of the walls of root canals in teeth with incomplete development of root, rinsed with 2% chlorexidine. A SEM study]. / Czystosc scian kanalów korzeniowych zebów z niezakonczonym rozwojem korzenia plukanych 2% roztworem chlorheksydyny. Badanie w SEM.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cleanliness of the walls of root canals with incomplete development of root, whose lumen was rinsed with 2% chlorhexidine solution during mechanical preparation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Use was made of 8 maxillary premolar teeth with a single root canal and with incomplete development of the root apex (the teeth were removed during the growing stage for orthodontic reasons). The coronal and middle parts of the canals were instrumented using Gates-Glidden no. 3 and 4 drills, and the apical section with the help of Hedstroem size 50-80 files. During instrumentation of the canals irrigation was carried out using 2% chlorhexidine solution. Irrigating solution, volume 2 mL, was introduced into the canal with the use of a syringe and an endodontic needle after using each instrument, and 5 mL volume after complete instrumentation of the canal. RESULTS: Observations using a scanning electron microscope with x200 and x1000 magnification showed relatively effective removal of pulp remains and dentine chips, and the presence of a thick smear layer covering the canal walls throughout their length. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences in the degree of cleaning of particular sections of the canals. CONCLUSION: The presence of the smear layer in canals irrigated with chlorhexidine is evidence that it does not have properties for it to be dissolved, and this dictates the necessity of using chelating agents.

[Mineral trioxide aggregate in the pulp capping treatment tooth]. / Mineral trioxide aggregate w leczeniu zranienia miazgi.

INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic procedure for the treatment of tooth pulp exposure or pulp injury is a conservative treatment using direct pulp capping. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Achievements to date in biological pulp treatment and the case of treatment of tooth pulp injury by odontotropic preparation Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply Maillefer, U.S.A.) has been presented in this paper. Applied treatment consisted in total processing of cariotic cavity, covering the place of cavity with compomer Dyract and composite Herculite (SDS, Kerr, U.S.A.) material. Pulp of a treated tooth remained its vitality during control study and pathological changes of pulp and within adjacent periapical tissues were not detected by means of an X-ray photography. RESULTS: After 12 months of observation a positive therapeutic result of pulp vitality preservation in a tooth was achieved.

[Teeth and periodontium status of moderately mentally retarded children and the health awareness of their parents]. / Stan zebów i przyzebia dzieci z uposledzeniem umyslowym umiarkowanym a swiadomosc zdrowotna ich rodziców.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was the evaluation of teeth, parodontium and oral hygiene status in non-institutional moderately mentally retarded people. The aspects of dental prophylaxis and dental care of mentally retarded children as well as their practical introduction by the parents of examined children were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 41 mentally retarded people aged 15-18 years old were clinically examined to assess their teeth status (DMF), parodontium status (CPI) and oral hygiene (PI). The parents of these children were surveyed by a questionnaire (39 questions). RESULTS: The results showed a low treatment index, significantly higher number of teeth missing and those to be extracted because of caries. The knowledge of dental prophylaxis and dental treatment aspects of the parents of mentally retarded children did not reveal any significant impact on the teeth and parodontium status as well as oral health of the examined children.