Protocol description and initial experience in kidney graft perfusion using infrared thermography.

PURPOSE: Protocol description for renal perfusion study using thermographic technology and description of the thermographic and clinical behavior of the transplanted kidneys before and after unclamping. METHODS: Infrared thermographic images of renal grafts are obtained before kidney reperfusion, 10 min after and just before closing the surgical wound. Thermographic data is evaluated together with the type of graft and donor, cold ischemia time, hypovascularized areas determined by the surgeon during surgical intervention, alterations in vascular flow in postoperative echo-Doppler, time at the beginning of graft function and serum creatinine monitoring during postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: 17 grafts were studied. The mean temperature of the grafts before reperfusion, 10 min after and at the end of the surgery were 18.7 °C (SD 6.27), 32.36 °C (SD1.47) and 32.07 °C (SD1.78) respectively. 4 grafts presented hypoperfused areas after reperfusion. These areas presented a lower temperature compared to the well perfused parenchyma surface using thermographic images. CONCLUSION: The study of the usefulness and applicability of thermography can allow the development of tools that provide additional objective information on organ perfusion in real time and non-invasive manner. Our protocol and initial results can contribute to provide new evidence. Further analyses should be developed to shed light on the role of this technology.

Robot Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Our Clinical Experience and a Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION: Radical prostatectomy is a more skillful procedure in kidney graft recipients. Robotic surgery can provide a useful minimally invasive tool. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to evaluate the robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in kidney transplant recipients, describing intra/postoperative complications, renal and oncological outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted in a single institution of 84 RALP. Four of them were kidney transplant recipients. Side of the renal graft, clinical stage, intra/postoperative events, operating time, creatinine levels before/after intervention and oncologic follow-up were recorded. A systematic review of the literature was performed. RESULTS: Aged 61.25 ± 7.76 years, interval between renal transplantation and RALP: 10 ± 3.16 years. Mean prostate specific antigen: 7.1 ± 2.8 ng/ml, 2 patients were cT1c and 2 cT2a. Preoperative biopsies: Gleason score 3 + 3 in 3 patients, 3 + 4 in 1 patient. Charlson comorbidity index mean was 4.82 ± 0.82. No intra/postoperative events were reported. Mean operating time: 196 ± 20.8 min. Positive surgical margins: 2/4 patients. Pathological analysis: Gleason 3 + 4 in 2 patients and Gleason 3 + 3 in the others 2. A patient developed a bladder neck sclerosis. No differences between pre/postoperative creatinine. Three patients are free of biochemical recurrence and 1 patient required adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: RALP in renal transplant recipients is a safe and feasible technique for localized prostate cancer. No difference in oncological outcomes and no impairments on renal function were found.

Oncologic outcomes in 408 consecutive patient cohort treated with da Vinci robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. / Resultados oncológicos de un programa de prostatectomía radical asistida por robot «da Vinci¼ en una cohorte de 408 pacientes consecutivos.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the general characteristics and oncological results in a cohort of 408 cases submitted to da Vinci Standard 4-armed robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), performed between October 2006 and February 2015 at Clínico San Carlos hospital. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 20.0 program. Qualitative variables are presented with their frequency distribution and quantitative variables with their mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. The χ2 test was used to analyze the association of qualitative variables. The disease-free survival outcome variable was evaluated with a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, and the differences were contrasted with the Breslow test. A Cox regression model was adjusted. Among the results, we highlight the follow-up of 47 months (32-68.75m), recurrence-free survival of 90 months (95% CI, 86-94), median time to recurrence of 23 months (10.5-37 m), recurrence 16'6% (68/408), biochemical recurrence (62/498, 15'2%) and 22% of complications, mostly Clavien I-II. The results are summarized in Tables 1 to 7 and Figure 1. CONCLUSIONS: 1) RARP is a safe technique with an acceptable percentage of complications, mostly minor (Clavien grades iandii), 2) We found a higher probability of remaining recurrence-free in the lower grades of the ISUP classification and a higher probability of recurrence in high-risk cases, and 3) The multivariate model showed that the ISUP grade was significantly related to survival and the ISUP and PSM classification grades were independent prognostic variables.