A survey of the training experiences and needs on Wellcome Trust PhD programmes.

Background: Training for PhD researchers was previously identified by the Wellcome Trust funded Emerging Research Cultures project as an area for further investigation to ensure an inclusive culture which enables PhD students to become well-rounded researchers. Methods: The Taskforce on Training conducted a survey of 35 Wellcome Trust funded PhD students and 10 programme administrators to evaluate the provision of training in eight key areas. This survey examined a number of issues, such as availability and knowledge of training, potential gaps in training, and the perceived usefulness of training. Results: PhD students reported that training was generally useful and viewed as important; with technical training being particularly highly valued. However, the survey identified that students desired additional training in project management and personal development. Surveying programme administrators highlighted the wide variety in training availability for students across different Wellcome Trust programmes currently running in the UK. Conclusion: In response to these findings, several recommendations were suggested. Examples include; promotion of peer mentoring for PhD students, and alternative methods for delivery of wellbeing training. However, this report only explores the views of a small number of Wellcome Trust funded PhD students and would benefit from further research into the experiences of PhD students, programme administrators, and PhD supervisors.

Trends and Intensity of Rhinovirus Invasions in Kilifi, Coastal Kenya, Over a 12-Year Period, 2007-2018.

BACKGROUND: Rhinoviruses (RVs) are ubiquitous pathogens and the principal etiological agents of common cold. Despite the high frequency of RV infections, data describing their long-term epidemiological patterns in a defined population remain limited. METHODS: Here, we analyzed 1070 VP4/VP2 genomic region sequences sampled at Kilifi County Hospital on the Kenya coast. The samples were collected between 2007 and 2018 from hospitalized pediatric patients (<60 months of age) with acute respiratory illness. RESULTS: Of 7231 children enrolled, RV was detected in 1497 (20.7%) and VP4/VP2 sequences were recovered from 1070 samples (71.5%). A total of 144 different RV types were identified (67 Rhinovirus A, 18 Rhinovirus B, and 59 Rhinovirus C) and at any month, several types co-circulated with alternating predominance. Within types, multiple genetically divergent variants were observed. Ongoing RV infections through time appeared to be a combination of (1) persistent types (observed up to 7 consecutive months), (2) reintroduced genetically distinct variants, and (3) new invasions (average of 8 new types annually). CONCLUSIONS: Sustained RV presence in the Kilifi community is mainly due to frequent invasion by new types and variants rather than continuous transmission of locally established types/variants.