Simultaneous generation of monoenergetic tunable protons and carbon ions from laser-driven nanofoils.

Simultaneous generation of monoenergetic tunable protons and carbon ions from intense laser multi-component nanofoil interaction is demonstrated by using particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that, the protons with the largest charge-to-mass ratio are instantly separated from other ion species and are efficiently accelerated in the "phase stable" way. The carbon ions always ride on the heavier oxygen ion front with an electron-filling gap between the protons and carbon ions. At the cost of widely spread oxygen ions, monoenergetic collimated protons and carbon ions are obtained simultaneously. By modulating the heavier ion densities in the foil, it is capable to control the final beam quality, which is well interpreted by a simple analytical model.

Quantitative and qualitative changes in serum luteinizing hormone after injectable testosterone undecanoate treatment in hypogonadal men.

AIM: To clarify the immuno-active LH (i-LH) and bioactive LH (b-LH) responses and qualitative changes in the circulating LH to testosterone undecanoate (TU) injection. METHODS: Eight men with Klinefelter's syndrome were recruited for the study. They received crossover injections of TU at doses of 500 and 1000 mg. Serum i-LH and b-LH levels before and at various time intervals after TU injection were measured and the serum i-LH, b-LH, b-LH/i-LH (B/I) and testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin (T/SHBG) ratio in LH-responders and LH non-responders were compared. RESULTS: A parallel suppression of serum i-LH and b-LH was consistent with their overall high correlation between each other (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Mean serum i-FSH levels were decreased by TU injection at both doses without dose-response effects. LH-responders had lower baseline serum i-LH and b-LH, and higher E2 levels and T/SHBG ratio. There was a quantitative change in serum LH as induced by TU without qualitative change within LH-responders os LH-non-responders. CONCLUSION: A high loading dose (1000 mg) of TU is important for the initial suppression of LH. With the lower dose (500 mg), repeated injections will be required to attain such LH suppression for the purpose of fertility regulation. The lower baseline serum i-LH level may be an intrinsic characteristic of LH-responders.

[Effects of xueguantong on plasma endothelin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in quail atherosis model].

This paper mainly reported the antiatherogenic mechanism of action of Xueguantong on molecular level. After being established by feeding with high fat diet for 12 weeks, the quail atherosis models were given Xueguantong for 30 days. Then, determining their plasma endothelin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and observing the effects of Xueguantong on plasma endothelin and CGRP in quail atherosis models. Results showed that the plasma endothelin increased and CGRP decreased during quail atherosis formation. The plasma endothelin was decreased (P < 0.05) and CGRP was increased (P < 0.05) by using Xueguantong. It suggested that one of antiatherogenic mechanisms of Xueguantong was decreasing the endothelin and increasing the CGRP.

[Study of platelet aggregation affected by 8 classical recipes in rabbit].

Arachidonic acid can induce platelet aggregation in rabbits in vitro. The experimental model was designed to observe inhibitory effect of 8 classical recipes of activating blood circulation to remove the stasis on platelet aggregation in vitro. The results showed that each one of 8 classical recipes has inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in vitro in various degree. Among them, Gexia Zhuyu Tang (GZT), Shentong Zhuyu Tang (SZT) and Shaofu Zhuyu Tang (SFZT) were more effective. The results suggested that inhibitory effect of platelet aggregation produced by 8 classical recipes might be one of mechanisms of blood stasis treatment.

Electron density compression and oscillating effects on laser energy absorption in overdense plasma targets.

An analytical model for energy absorption during the interaction of an ultrashort, ultraintense laser with an overdense plasma is proposed. Both the compression effect of the electron density profile and the oscillation of the electron plasma surface are self-consistently included, which exhibit significant influences on the laser energy absorption. Based on our model, the general scaling law of the compression effect depending on laser strength and initial density is derived, and the temporal variation of the laser absorption due to the boundary oscillating effect is presented. It is found that due to the oscillation of the electron plasma surface, the laser absorption rate will vibrate periodically at ω or 2ω frequency for the p-polarized and s-polarized laser, respectively. The effect of plasma collision on the laser absorption has also been investigated, which shows a considerable rise in absorption with increasing electron-ion collision frequency for both polarizations.