RESUMO
The present study examines the synthesis of Co3O4 ultra-nanosheets (Co3O4 UNSs) and Co3O4 ultra-nanosheet-Ni(OH)2 (Co3O4 UNS-Ni(OH)2) via solvothermal process and their application as non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for glucose detection. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the Co3O4 UNS deposition on Ni(OH)2 surface. The presence of Co3O4 UNSs on Ni (OH) 2 surface improved the sensitivity of glucose detection, from the increase of glucose oxidation peak current at the Co3O4 UNS-Ni(OH)2/glassy carbon electrode (current density: 2000µA·cm(-2)), compared to the Co3O4 UNSs. These results confirmed that Ni(OH)2 on glassy carbon electrode is a sensitive material for glucose detection, moreover the Co3O4 UNSs can increase the interaction and detection of glucose due to their high surface area. The estimated limit of detection (S/N=3) and limit of quantification (S/N=10) of the linear segment (5-40µM) are 1.08µM and 3.60µM respectively. The reproducibility experiments confirmed the feasibility of Co3O4 UNS-Ni(OH)2 for the quantitative detection of certain concentration ranges of glucose.
Assuntos
Cobalto/química , Glucose/análise , Hidróxidos/química , Membranas Artificiais , Nanoestruturas/química , Níquel/química , Óxidos/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: For many patients with end-stage heart failure, cardiac transplantation remains the definitive therapeutic option. The first Iranian heart transplantation was successfully performed on July 8, 1993, at Dr Shariati Hospital, Tehran. This article reports the pathology of heart transplants performed in one decade at Dr. Shariati Hospital. METHODS: All individuals who underwent heart transplantation between July 1993 and July 2003 were studied for the pathology reports of endomyocardial biopsies of heart transplant recipients. One-month, 1-year, and 5-year survival rates are also presented. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (14 females and 31 males) aged 29.6 +/- 12 years underwent heart transplantation. One-month, 1-year, and 5-year survival rates were 80%, 59.5%, and 50%, respectively. The grades of rejection were: 0 in 31 biopsies (24.2%); 1A in 27 (21.1%); 1B in one (0.8%); 2 in 21 (16.4%); 3A in 34 (26.6%); 3B in 9 (7%); 4 in four specimens (3.1%), and one biopsy was inadequate (0.8%). A Quilty B effect was observed in one specimen (0.8%), but a Quilty A effect, cytomegalovirus or toxoplasmic myocarditis, or previous biopsy sites were not observed. CONCLUSION: Survival rates of heart transplant recipients were lower compared with the international statistics. The incidence and severity of rejection episodes were higher among our patients. These findings may be due in part to the noncompliance of heart transplant recipients with the follow-up biopsy schedules, leading to late detection of rejection episodes.
Assuntos
Transplante de Coração/patologia , Sobreviventes , Adolescente , Adulto , Biópsia , Criança , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Transplante de Coração/mortalidade , Transplante de Coração/fisiologia , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of post-laryngectomy patients, including nasal endoscopy findings, that affect subjective smell improvement in the post-surgical period. METHODS: Thirty patients who had undergone total laryngectomy participated in at least three sessions of a smell rehabilitation programme involving the nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre, under the supervision of a speech-language pathologist. Patient characteristics and nasal endoscopy findings were evaluated. RESULTS: Participants experienced a mean improvement in sense of smell of 61 per cent (p < 0.001) and a significant improvement in appetite (p = 0.002). Male patients and patients with a nasal discharge had a significantly better outcome. CONCLUSION: The nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre is an effective method for improving smell perception and appetite in laryngectomy patients. There was no relationship between nasal endoscopy findings and outcome of the nasal airflow-inducing manoeuvre rehabilitation programme in our case series.
Assuntos
Endoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Laringectomia/efeitos adversos , Transtornos do Olfato/reabilitação , Olfato/fisiologia , Idoso , Apetite/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Laringectomia/reabilitação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Nasal/fisiopatologia , Nariz/fisiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , Pressão , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neisseria meninigitidis is one of the most frequently encountered microorganisms associated with central nervous system infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate a PCR-based assay for specific and rapid detection of N. meninigitidis in CSF specimens. METHODS: Since April 2002 to July 2006, 130 CSF specimens were collected from patients suspected of having bacterial meningitis. Bacterial isolation and identification was carried out according to the standard bacteriological methods. The PCR was used to amplify a 101bp fragment of capsular transport gene A (ctrA) of N. meningitidis. RESULTS: PCR yielded an amplified product with the expected size of 101 base pair fragment. Sensitivity test proved 500 ng of N. meningitidis DNA as the final detection limit and specificity test revealed no cross-reaction for a wide range of respiratory pathogenic organisms. CONCLUSION: The PCR assay was more sensitive than the bacterial culturing. It might be possible to apply this procedure for rapid diagnosis of meningococci in clinical samples.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos , Glucose , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente , Doenças do Prematuro , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Glucose/efeitos adversos , Glucose/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/dietoterapia , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/etiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/mortalidade , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Prematuro/dietoterapia , Doenças do Prematuro/etiologia , Doenças do Prematuro/mortalidade , Nutrição Parenteral/normas , Deficiência de Proteína/dietoterapia , Hidrolisados de Proteína , Proteínas/metabolismo , InaniçãoAssuntos
Glutamatos , Acetilcolina/efeitos adversos , Animais , Ácido Aspártico/efeitos adversos , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Colinesterases/sangue , Deficiências Nutricionais/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Aditivos Alimentares , Glutamatos/efeitos adversos , Glutamatos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/metabolismo , SódioAssuntos
Dietoterapia , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/terapia , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/terapia , Metabolismo Basal , Peso ao Nascer , Proteínas Alimentares , Feminino , Humanos , Alimentos Infantis , Mortalidade Infantil , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/epidemiologia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Necessidades Nutricionais , Gravidez , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/terapiaAssuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/terapia , Nutrição Parenteral , Aminoácidos/sangue , Amônia/sangue , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Pré-Escolar , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Diarreia Infantil/terapia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Glicosúria , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Concentração Osmolar , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Hidrolisados de Proteína/uso terapêutico , Ureia/urinaAssuntos
Aminoácidos/uso terapêutico , Depressores do Apetite/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/uso terapêutico , Arginina/uso terapêutico , Aspartame/uso terapêutico , Cisteína/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Triptofano/uso terapêutico , Tirosina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Protein depletion is introduced as a unitary concept in the progression of acute infantile diarrheas into a protracted or intractable stage. It has been shown that in acute infantile diarrhea significant amounts of endogenous nitrogen are lost through the stool. Accumulated loss beyond a week or so may interfere with regeneration of intestinal mucosa and the synthesis of digestive enzymes. The success of total parenteral alimentation in the management of intractable diarrhea supports this theory. As a relatively simple preventive measure, the administration of amino acid solution by peripheral vein, concomitantly with glucose, is suggested in the management of the early stages of infantile diarrhea.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/análise , Diarreia Infantil/metabolismo , Fezes/análise , Diarreia Infantil/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nitrogênio/análise , Nutrição Parenteral , Deficiência de Proteína/etiologia , Proteínas/análiseRESUMO
From October 1973 to September 1974, throat cultures were taken from 578 patients who referred to the Children's Clinic with upper respiratory tract infection. One hundred fifty-one (26%) of the sick children yielded beta-hemolytic streptococci and 427 (74%) of the pharyngitis cases were considered as viral. The most susceptible ages for streptococcal and viral pharyngitis were 5-8 and 2-6 years respectively. The peak seasonal incidence for streptococcal sore throat was from late autumn to early spring. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of upper respiratory infection and streptococcal isolation. From 100 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated and tested, 86 were group "A", 4 group "C", 2 group "G" and 8 non-groupable. From 86 group "A" strains. 71 (82%) were typable by agglutination ("T"-typing), but only 49 (57%) by precipitation ("M"-typing). The most prevalent "M" types were types 1 and 12. There was 95% correlation between serological and bacitracin disk method for grouping of hemolytic streptococci. All strains isolated were sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol, but 11 strains were resistant to tetracyclin.
Assuntos
Faringite/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Cardiopatia Reumática/prevenção & controle , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Forced expression of gap junction proteins, connexins, enables gap junction-deficient cell lines to propagate intercellular calcium waves. Here, we show that ATP secretion from the poorly coupled cell lines, C6 glioma, HeLa, and U373 glioblastoma, is potentiated 5- to 15-fold by connexin expression. ATP release required purinergic receptor-activated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and was inhibited by Cl- channel blockers. Calcium wave propagation also was reduced by purinergic receptor antagonists and by Cl- channel blockers but insensitive to gap junction inhibitors. These observations suggest that cell-to-cell signaling associated with connexin expression results from enhanced ATP release and not, as previously believed, from an increase in intercellular coupling.