The discriminative, criterion, and longitudinal validity of small-sided games to assess physical fitness in female basketball players.

The validity of small-sided games (SSG) for assessing physical fitness was evaluated in 21 female basketball players from senior (n = 8), under-18 years (n = 6), and under-16 years (n = 7) age categories. Players underwent fitness testing (countermovement jump [CMJ], agility T-test, repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test [YYIRT1]) and 3vs3-SSG before and after a 6-week preseason. Player demands were monitored during SSG using local positioning system and heart rate technology. Regarding discriminative validity, senior players produced better CMJ, agility T-test, and YYIRT1 performance (p < 0.05, effect size [ES] = 1.72-2.25), and more distance and PlayerLoad (p < 0.05, ES = 1.53-2.47) during SSG than under-18 players following the preseason. For criterion validity, total distance and distance completing high-intensity decelerations during SSG were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with CMJ (r = 0.44-0.66), YYIRT1 (r = 0.43-0.63), agility T-test (total distance only, r=-0.51), and RSA test performance (r=-0.49 to -0.52) among all players combined following the preseason. Regarding longitudinal validity, significantly better agility T-test and YYIRT1 performance (p ≤ 0.001, ES = 0.88-0.93) alongside lower heart rate during SSG (p = 0.001, ES = 0.88) were evident for all players combined following the preseason. These results partially support the validity of 3vs3-SSG to assess physical fitness in female basketball players.

Progress, challenges and ways forward supporting cancer surveillance in Latin America.

Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) are the only means to provide reliable incidence and survival data as a basis for policy-making and resource allocations within cancer care. Yet, less than 3% and 10% of the respective populations of Central America and South America are covered by high-quality cancer registries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development provides support to improve this situation via the International Agency for Research on Cancer Regional Hub for Latin America. In this paper, we summarize activities (advocacy, technical assistance, training and research) over the last 5 years, their impact and current challenges, including the implementation of new PBCR in four countries in the region. Despite the favorable political support to cancer registration in many countries, the sustainability of cancer registration remains vulnerable. Renewed efforts are needed to improve data quality in Latin America while ensuring maximum visibility of the data collected by disseminating and promoting their use in cancer control.

Evaluation of Hygrothermal Behaviour in Heritage Buildings through Sensors, CFD Modelling and IRT.

Architectural heritage, building materials and interior space are highly susceptible to temperature and relative humidity. A better knowledge of the hygrothermal dynamics inside buildings allows an adequate conservation of heritage. This work compares three non-destructive techniques (NDT), such as temperature and relative humidity sensors, finite element simulations (CFD) and thermographic pictures (IRT). The work has made it possible to carry out an assessment of the risk of condensation over a year and to identify affected periods and areas of the building. Sensors and IRT pictures provide real data to validate CFD simulations, facilitating a global analysis of the building. The results provided reflect a great concordance between the NDTs used.

A bibliometric study of Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas (REED) based on SciELO indicators for the period 2004-2018.

The aim of this study was to show the potentialities offered by the SciELO network indicators for the management of scientific journals, via a case study involving the Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas (REED). SciELO offers indicators (production, collaboration, use) that complement the conventional analysis indices used for written science. In order to illustrate their use as a bibliometric, a descriptive study was performed of the scientific production published by the above-mentioned journals during the period 2004-2018. In the last five years, REED received 3,976,685 visits. The second issue from 2007 was the most widely accessed sample to date. A total of 173 issues, 1,810 citable articles, 2,927 documents and 47,645 references have been published, with the number of published papers increasing by 268 %. Clinical case reports make up the highest number. REED received a total of 3,613 citations, with a self-citation rate of 60 %. Of all published documents, 42 % originated in Spain and 10.6 % abroad. Group authorship predominates over individual authors, with a median and mode of 5. The cooperation index was 5.12. The highest impact factor was 0.492 in 2008. The journals most commonly cited by REED are all foreign publications in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology section of the Science Citation Index.

Mitochondrial Variation of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Canary Islands Suggests a Key Population for Conservation with High Connectivity within the North-East Atlantic Ocean.

In recent decades, worldwide cetacean species have been protected, but they are still threatened. The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a vulnerable keystone species and a useful bioindicator of the health and balance of marine ecosystems in oceans all over the world. The genetic structure of the species is shaped by their niche specialization (along with other factors), leading to the classification of two ecotypes: coastal and pelagic. In this study, the genetic diversity, population structure, and ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins from the Canary Islands were assessed through the analysis of 49 new samples from biopsies and from stranded animals using the 636 bp portion of the mitochondrial control region and 343 individuals from databases (n = 392). The results reveal high genetic diversity in Canarian bottlenose dolphins (Hd = 0.969 and π = 0.0165) and the apparent lack of population genetic structure within this archipelago. High genetic structure (Fst, Φst) was found between the Canary Islands and coastal populations, while little to no structure was found with the pelagic populations. These results suggest that Canarian bottlenose dolphins are part of pelagic ecotype populations in the North Atlantic. The studied Special Areas of Conservation in the Canary Islands may correspond to a hotspot of genetic diversity of the species and could be a strategic area for the conservation of the oceanic ecotype of bottlenose dolphins.

Vector control intervention towards interruption of transmission of Chagas disease by Rhodnius prolixus, main vector in Guatemala.

In Guatemala, the Ministry of Health (MoH) began a vector control project with Japanese cooperation in 2000 to reduce the risk of Chagas disease infection. Rhodnius prolixus is one of the principal vectors and is targeted for elimination. The control method consisted of extensive residual insecticide spraying campaigns, followed by community-based surveillance with selective respraying. Interventions in nine endemic departments identified 317 villages with R. prolixus of 4,417 villages surveyed. Two cycles of residual insecticide spraying covered over 98% of the houses in the identified villages. Fourteen villages reinfestated were all resprayed. Between 2000-2003 and 2008, the number of infested villages decreased from 317 to two and the house infestation rate reduced from 0.86% to 0.0036%. Seroprevalence rates in 2004-2005, when compared with an earlier study in 1998, showed a significant decline from 5.3% to 1.3% among schoolchildren in endemic areas. The total operational cost was US$ 921,815, where the cost ratio between preparatory, attack and surveillance phases was approximately 2:12:1. In 2008, Guatemala was certified for interruption of Chagas disease transmission by R. prolixus. What facilitated the process was existing knowledge in vector control and notable commitment by the MoH, as well as political, managerial and technical support by external stakeholders.

Genetic markers for preeclampsia in Peruvian women.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a multiorgan disorder associated with maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality. In Peru, incidence is 10% and accounts for 22% of maternal deaths. Genome and genetic epidemiological studies have found an association between preeclampsia and genetic polymorphisms. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +936 C/T and +405 G/C, interleukine-6 (IL-6) -174 G/C, IL-1ß-511 C/T, Apo A-1-75 G/A, Apo B-100 2488 C/T (Xbal) polymorphisms with preeclampsia in pregnant Peruvian women. METHODS: Were included preeclamptic and healthy (control) pregnant women. Maternal blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, and molecular genetic analysis was conducted using the PCR-RFLP technique and following a specific protocol for each gene. Allele and genotypic frequencies in the cases and controls were compared. RESULTS: No association was found between the VEGF+936C/T and VEGF+405 polymorphisms and preeclampsia. The frequencies of the GG genotypes and the G allele of the -174 G/C polymorphism in the IL6 gene in preeclamptic and controls showed significant differences, with higher frequencies in cases. For the -511 C/T polymorphism of the IL-1ß gene, no significant differences were found in the frequencies of TT genotypes compared with CT+CC. The genotypes and alleles of the Apo-A1-75 G/A and Apo-B100 Xbal variants showed no significant differences between cases and controls. CONCLUSION: No association was found between the studied genetic markers and preeclampsia. However, in the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, significant differences were found mainly in the GG genotype and G allele.

Popularizing right food and feeding practices in Spain (1847-1950). The handbooks of domestic economy.

The aim of this paper is to analyze a sample of domestic economy handbooks in order to assess the popularization of correct food and feeding practices in Spain between 1847 and 1950. With this contribution, we wish to evaluate another factor that would influence the Spanish food transition. We are aware that this is a very indirect source, given the high levels of illiteracy among women in Spain during the last third of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. A further factor to be considered is the low proportion of girls attending school. We have analyzed the handbooks published in three periods. The first ranges from the last third of the 19th century to the first decade of the 20th. These handbooks are considered in order to provide background for a comparison with the works published from 1900 onwards. The second period focuses on the 1920s and the 1930s. The last period covers the handbooks published after the Civil War under the monopoly of the Sección Femenina (women's section of the Falange). Over the years under consideration, recommendations underwent a progressive modification from the very simple leaflets used in the 19th century to the introduction of scientific factors into the teaching of domestic economy.The work of Rosa Sensat represented the beginnings of this trend. A further modernizing factor was the appearance of vitamins in some of the handbooks. After the war, the number of handbooks decreased and they were, in general, very poor. If we consider the content on vitamins, there was a lack or shortage of information in comparison with some of the books published in the same period outside the monopoly of the Sección Femenina. In conclusion, we can state that the repetition of recommendations on good feeding habits and the increase in girls attending school would exert a positive influence on the food transition of the Spanish population.

Health and the war. Changing schemes and health conditions during the Spanish civil war.

This paper focuses on the health reforms during the republican Spain (1931-1939) and the crisis derived from the three-year of civil war. It considers how the war affected the health system and the impairment of health conditions of the population during the late 1930s, considering the changing conditions caused by the conflict. Some of the specific topics analysed are the changing healthcare system, the adaptation of health organization after the outbreak of the war, the impact of the war on the health of the population and epidemiological changes, the problem of the refugees and the clinical studies by experts, mainly on undernourishment.

[Medical education and medical anthropology in Europe: the cases of Italy and Spain]. / Educación sanitaria y antropología médica en Europa: los casos de Italia y España.

The aim of this article is to compare the development of health education in Italy and Spain from the point of view of the role played by medical anthropology in both countries. The context is provided by the changes in the concept of health education advocated by the UN technical agencies, especially the World Health Organization and Unesco, during the second half of the twentieth century. Despite their many similarities, Italy and Spain underwent different political evolutions over the last century. Therefore, it is interesting to compare both cases and the influence the social sciences had in health education initiatives. In order to assess the role of medical anthropology, the 1958 launch and the development of the Centro Sperimentale per l'Educazione Sanitaria (Perugia, Italy), which was at the forefront of health education in Europe until the 1990s, was reconstructed through oral sources. After a brief description of the scant initiatives regarding health education existing in the Spain of the dictatorship, the influence of the Perusine anthropologists on Spanish health education during the democratic transition is evaluated.

Bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal para control del dolor intra y posoperatorio en herniorrafia inguinal en paciente con síndrome de Brugada / Block of transverse abdominal pain for intra-and posoperative pain control in inguinal herniorrhaphy in patient with Brugada syndrome

Los pacientes con síndrome de Brugada suponen un reto desde el punto de vista anestésico ya que son muchas las circunstancias perioperatorias y los fármacos que pueden desencadenar una crisis arritmogénica, los cuales pueden llegar a tener un fatal desenlace. Las implicaciones anestésicas en estos pacientes son múltiples por lo que se debe ser muy cuidadoso y tener en cuenta muchos factores. Se exponen las consideraciones y el manejo anestésico que se realizó en un paciente con síndrome de Brugada sometido a una herniorrafía inguinal izquierda en la que se opta por la realización de una anestesia general junto con un bloqueo ecoguiado del plano transverso abdominal para control de dolor(AU)

Patients with Brugada syndrome are a challenge from the anesthetic point of view, since there are many perioperative circumstances and drugs that can trigger an arrhythmogenic crisis, which can have a fatal outcome. Anesthetic implications in these patients are multiple, a reason why one must be very careful and take into account many factors. The considerations and anesthetic management are described for the case of a patient with Brugada syndrome who underwent left inguinal herniorrhaphy, in which general anesthesia was chosen together with ultrasound-guided block of transverse abdominal plane for pain control(AU)

La Seguridad Social llegó al campo: resistencias y limitaciones en la España del segundo franquismo (1959-1975) / A Segurança Social chegou ao campo: resistências e limitações na Espanha do segundo franquismo / Social Security arrives in the country: resistance and limitations in Spain during the late Franco regime (1959-1975)

El objetivo del artículo es analizar dos aspectos de la asistencia sanitaria en el medio rural español durante el segundo periodo de la dictadura franquista (1959-1975). Primero analizamos la implantación del Régimen Especial Agrario de la Seguridad Social (1966), que proporcionó asistencia sanitaria a los trabajadores del campo. Hasta entonces, habían sido excluidos del Seguro Obligatorio de Enfermedad (1944), destinado a obreros industriales y otros asalariados con bajos ingresos. En segundo lugar, analizamos la oposición de los médicos rurales a la ampliación de la cobertura sanitaria a los trabajadores agrícolas. Para lograr ambos objetivos analizamos las limitaciones del ejercicio médico en el ámbito rural y cómo la Dictadura intentó solucionar infructuosamente estos problemas. Las fuentes empleadas han sido: disposiciones legislativas, publicaciones de los colegios profesionales oficiales, prensa dedicada a discutir problemas del ejercicio médico, informes sociológicos y documentación de archivo. (AU)

O objetivo do artigo é analisar dois aspectos da atenção à saúde na Espanha rural durante o segundo período da ditadura de Franco (1959-1975). Em primeiro lugar, analisamos a introdução do Regime Especial de Previdência Social Agrária (1966), que proporcionou assistência médica aos trabalhadores rurais. Até então, eram excluídos do Seguro Obrigatório de Saúde (1944), destinado aos operários da indústria e demais trabalhadores com baixos salários. Em segundo lugar, analisamos a oposição dos médicos rurais à extensão da cobertura de saúde aos trabalhadores agrícolas. Para alcançar ambos os objetivos, analisamos as limitações da prática médica no meio rural e como a ditadura tentou resolver esses problemas, sem sucesso. As fontes utilizadas são: disposições legislativas, publicações de associações profissionais oficiais, imprensa dedicada a discutir problemas da prática médica, relatórios sociológicos e documentação arquivística. (AU)

The objective of the article is to analyze two aspects of healthcare in rural Spain during the second period of the Franco dictatorship (1959-1975). Firstly, we analyze the introduction of the Special Agrarian Social Security Regime (1966), which provided healthcare to rural workers. Until then, rural workers had been excluded from the Compulsory Health Insurance (1944), which provided healthcare to industrial and other low-income workers. Secondly, we analyze the position of rural doctors against the extension of health coverage to rural workers. To achieve both objectives, we analyze the limitations of medical practice in the rural milieu and how Franco's dictatorship unsuccessfully managed these limitations. We have used several sources: legal regulations, publications of official professional associations, press devoted to medical practice, sociological reports, and archival records. (AU)

Genetic markers for preeclampsia in Peruvian women / Marcadores genéticos de preeclampsia en mujeres peruanas

Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is a multiorgan disorder associated with maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality. In Peru, incidence is 10% and accounts for 22% of maternal deaths. Genome and genetic epidemiological studies have found an association between preeclampsia and genetic polymorphisms. Objective: To determine the association of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +936 C/T and +405 G/C, interleukine-6 (IL-6) -174 G/C, IL-1β-511 C/T, Apo A-1-75 G/A, Apo B-100 2488 C/T (Xbal) polymorphisms with preeclampsia in pregnant Peruvian women. Methods: Were included preeclamptic and healthy (control) pregnant women. Maternal blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, and molecular genetic analysis was conducted using the PCR-RFLP technique and following a specific protocol for each gene. Allele and genotypic frequencies in the cases and controls were compared. Results: No association was found between the VEGF+936C/T and VEGF+405 polymorphisms and preeclampsia. The frequencies of the GG genotypes and the G allele of the -174 G/C polymorphism in the IL6 gene in preeclamptic and controls showed significant differences, with higher frequencies in cases. For the -511 C/T polymorphism of the IL-1β gene, no significant differences were found in the frequencies of TT genotypes compared with CT+CC. The genotypes and alleles of the Apo-A1-75 G/A and Apo-B100 Xbal variants showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Conclusion: No association was found between the studied genetic markers and preeclampsia. However, in the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, significant differences were found mainly in the GG genotype and G allele.

Resumen Antecedentes: La preeclampsia es un trastorno multiorgánico asociado con la morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal. En el Perú, su incidencia es del 10% y causa el 22% de las muertes maternas. Se encontró una asociación entre la preeclampsia y ciertos polimorfismos. Objetivo: Determinar asociación entre los polimorfismos genéticos del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF) +936 C/T y +405 G/C, interleucina-6 (IL-6) -174G/C, IL-1β -511 C/T, Apo A-1 -75 G/A, Apo B-100 2488 C/T (Xbal), y preeclampsia en gestantes peruanas. Métodos: Se incluyeron gestantes preeclámpticas y sanas (controles). Las muestras de sangre fueron procesadas para extracción del ADN, y el análisis se realizó con la técnica PCR-RFLP con protocolos específicos para cada gen y confirmación con secuenciamiento Sanger. Se compararon las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas en los casos (preeclampsia) y los controles. Resultados: No se halló asociación entre los polimorfismos VEGF+936-C/T y VEGF+405 y la preeclampsia. Las frecuencias de los genotipos GG y el alelo G del polimorfismo -174-G/C en el gen IL6 en preeclámpticas y controles, mostraron diferencias significativas, con frecuencias más altas en los casos. Para el polimorfismo -511-C/T del gen IL-1β, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las frecuencias de genotipos TT comparados con CT+CC. Los genotipos y alelos de las variantes Apo-A1-75-G/A y Apo-B100 Xbal no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos Conclusión: No se encontró asociación entre los marcadores genéticos estudiados y la preeclampsia. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo -174-G/C en el gen IL6 mostró diferencias significativas principalmente en el genotipo GG y el alelo G.

[With human and divine means: the fight against disease and death in 18th century Alicante]. / Con medios humanos y divinos: la lucha contra la enfermedad y la mueret en Alicante en el silgo XVIII.

The nucleus of this work is the wide spectrum of means available to the inhabitants of the city of Alicante in the 18th century to fight against disease. Alongside healthcare professionals properly trained as physicians, surgeons, barbers or midwives, there were both other healers of heterogeneous types and religious resources. The study considers, in a comprehensive and articulated way, the whole repertoire of therapeutic and healthcare alternatives provided to the inhabitants of Alicante. The interpretation of the results is carried out taking into account the historiographical framework developed in recent years that considers the medical marketplace as an economic and cultural concept.

[Technology, specialization and the public. The creation of a "Leukaemia Clinic" at the Provincial Hospital in Alicante (1953-1960)]. / Tecnología, especialismo y sus audiencias. La "Clinica de Leucemias" del Hospital Provinicial de Alicante (1953-1960).

The mid-20th century opening of a public specialized Clinic for the treatment of patients affected by Leukaemia was a significant event in Alicante. It represented both the beginning of specialization in the field of blood diseases and an opportunity for the Provincial Hospital to enter the world of laboratory research. The social prestige of medical technologies, the introduction of a blood transfusion service and the figure of Dr. Mas Magro were the fundamental reasons behind the birth of this project in spite of its high cost. The aim of the paper is to analyze a case of the development of medical technologies at a local level.

[Science and ideology in studies on human growth in France and Spain (1900-1950)]. / Ciencia e ideología en los estudios sobre crecimiento humano en Francia y en España (1900-1950).

The comparative analysis of human growth studies based on French and Spanish medical literature and other sources published during the first half of the 20th Century allows us to show the ideological uses of a supposedly objective science. Analysis of the writings published in the two countries is an appropriate method to reconstruct the different trends in human growth studies, given the diverse scientific, social, political and ideological variables.

Ambulatory estimation of human circadian phase using models of varying complexity based on non-invasive signal modalities.

In this work, we introduce a number of models for human circadian phase estimation in ambulatory conditions using various sensor modalities. Machine learning techniques have been applied to ambulatory recordings of wrist actigraphy, light exposure, electrocardiograms (ECG), and distal and proximal skin temperature to develop ARMAX models capturing the main signal dependencies on circadian phase and evaluating them versus melatonin onset times. The most accurate models extracted heart rate variability features from an ECG coupled with wrist activity information to produce phase estimations with prediction errors of ~30 minutes. Replacing the ECG features with skin temperature from the upper leg led to a slight degradation, while less accurate results, in the order of 1 hour, were obtained from wrist activity and light measurements. The trade-off between highest precision and least obtrusive configuration is discussed for applications to sleep and mood disorders caused by a misalignment of the internal phase with the external solar and social times.

Human circadian phase estimation from signals collected in ambulatory conditions using an autoregressive model.

Phase estimation of the human circadian rhythm is a topic that has been explored using various modeling approaches. The current models range from physiological to mathematical, all attempting to estimate the circadian phase from different physiological or behavioral signals. Here, we have focused on estimation of the circadian phase from unobtrusively collected signals in ambulatory conditions using a statistically trained autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (ARMAX) model. Special attention has been given to the evaluation of heart rate interbeat intervals (RR intervals) as a potential circadian phase predictor. Prediction models were trained using all possible combinations of RR intervals, activity levels, and light exposures, each collected over a period of 24 hours. The signals were measured without any behavioral constraints, aside from the collection of saliva in the evening to determine melatonin concentration, which was measured in dim-light conditions. The model was trained and evaluated using 2 completely independent datasets, with 11 and 19 participants, respectively. The output was compared to the gold standard of circadian phase: dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). The most accurate model that we found made use of RR intervals and light and was able to yield phase estimates with a prediction error of 2 ± 39 minutes (mean ± SD) from the DLMO reference value.