A Prototype for an Intelligent Water Management System for Household Use.

Water scarcity is becoming an issue of more significant concern with a major impact on global sustainability. For it, new measures and approaches are urgently needed. Digital technologies and tools can play an essential role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of current water management approaches. Therefore, a solution is proposed and validated, given the limited presence of models or technological architectures in the literature to support intelligent water management systems for domestic use. It is based on a layered architecture, fully designed to meet the needs of households and to do so through the adoption of technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing. By developing a prototype and using it as a use case for testing purposes, we have concluded the positive impact of using such a solution. Considering this is a first contribution to overcome the problem, some issues will be addressed in a future work, namely, data and device security and energy and traffic optimisation issues, among several others.

A bibliometric analysis and visualization of e-learning adoption using VOSviewer.

Even though being perceived as a novel approach, multiple authors claim that the digital transition of all sectors in society started when information and communication technologies (ICT) started to be an integral part of our daily lives. The education sector currently represents one of the contexts where the use of ICT is more promising and allows to reach greater benefits, mostly due to the wide range of tools, applications, and management and methodological approaches that are associated with e-learning. With the above in mind, a bibliometric analysis of the e-learning adoption topic has been performed, aiming on delivering a detailed analysis of the status of the topic. This analysis was carried out by analyzing the scientific literature indexed in the Scopus database that addressed the multiple stages of the e-learning adoption process (i.e., acceptance, adoption, and use). Our study analyzed 896 documents published between 1989 and 2021, of which 98.3% represented papers published in journals and conference proceedings.

Xpert-Ultra Assay in Stool and Urine Samples to Improve Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children: The Médecins Sans Frontières Experience in Guinea-Bissau and South Sudan.

Background: More than half of childhood tuberculosis cases remain undiagnosed yearly. The World Health Organization recommends the Xpert-Ultra assay as a first pediatric diagnosis test, but microbiological confirmation remains low. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of Xpert-Ultra with stool and urine samples in presumptive pediatric tuberculosis cases in 2 high-tuberculosis-burden settings. Methods: This Médecins Sans Frontières cross-sectional multicentric study took place at Simão Mendes Hospital, Guinea-Bissau (July 2019 to April 2020) and in Malakal Hospital, South Sudan (April 2021 to June 2023). Children aged 6 months to 15 years with presumptive tuberculosis underwent clinical and laboratory assessment, with 1 respiratory and/or extrapulmonary sample (reference standard [RS]), 1 stool, and 1 urine specimen analyzed with Xpert-Ultra. Results: A total of 563 children were enrolled in the study, 133 from Bissau and 400 from Malakal; 30 were excluded. Confirmation of tuberculosis was achieved in 75 (14.1%), while 248 (46.5%) had unconfirmed tuberculosis. Of 553 with an RS specimen, the overall diagnostic yield was 12.4% (66 of 533). A total of 493 stool and 524 urine samples were used to evaluate the performance of Xpert-Ultra with these samples. Compared with the RS, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert-Ultra were 62.5% (95% confidence interval, 49.4%-74%) and 98.3% (96.7%-99.2%), respectively, with stool samples, and 13.9% (7.5%-24.3%) and 99.4% (98.1%-99.8%) with urine samples. Nine patients were positive with stool and/or urine samples but negative with the RS. Conclusions: Xpert-Ultra in stool samples showed moderate to high sensitivity and high specificity compared with the RS and an added diagnostic yield when RS results were negative. Xpert-Ultra in stool samples was useful in extrapulmonary cases. Xpert-Ultra in urine samples showed low test performance. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT06239337.

A Novel Approach to Assess Balneotherapy Effects on Musculoskeletal Diseases-An Open Interventional Trial Combining Physiological Indicators, Biomarkers, and Patients' Health Perception.

The present study aimed to evaluate whether a 14-day period of balneotherapy influences the inflammatory status, health-related quality of life (QoL) and quality of sleep, underlying overall health state, and clinically relevant benefits of patients with musculoskeletal diseases (MD). The health-related QoL was evaluated using the following instruments: 5Q-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, EUROHIS-QOL, B-IPQ, and HAQ-DI. The quality of sleep was evaluated by a BaSIQS instrument. Circulating levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by ELISA and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, respectively. The smartband, Xiaomi MI Band 4, was used for real-time sensing of physical activity and sleep quality. MD patients improved the health-related QoL measured by 5Q-5D-5L (p < 0.001), EQ-VAS (p < 0.001), EUROHIS-QOL (p = 0.017), B-IPQ (p < 0.001), and HAQ-DI (p = 0.019) after balneotherapy; the sleep quality was also improved (BaSIQS, p = 0.019). Serum concentrations of IL-6 were markedly decreased after the 14-day balneotherapy (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed regarding the physical activity and sleep quality data recorded by the smartband. Balneotherapy may be an effective alternative treatment in managing the health status of MD patients, with a decrease in inflammatory states, along with positive effects on pain reduction, patient's functionality, QoL, quality of sleep, and disability perception status.

Point-of-care ultrasound for tuberculosis diagnosis in children: a Médecins Sans Frontières cross-sectional study in Guinea-Bissau.

OBJECTIVE: Description of tuberculosis (TB)-focused point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) findings for children with presumptive TB. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study (July 2019 to April 2020). SETTING: Simão Mendes hospital in Bissau, a setting with high TB, HIV, and malnutrition burdens. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged between 6 months and 15 years with presumptive TB. INTERVENTIONS: Participants underwent clinical, laboratory and unblinded clinician-performed POCUS assessments, to assess subpleural nodules (SUNs), lung consolidation, pleural and pericardial effusion, abdominal lymphadenopathy, focal splenic and hepatic lesions and ascites. Presence of any sign prompted a POCUS positive result. Ultrasound images and clips were evaluated by expert reviewers and, in case of discordance, by a second reviewer. Children were categorised as confirmed TB (microbiological diagnosis), unconfirmed TB (clinical diagnosis) or unlikely TB. Ultrasound findings were analysed per TB category and risk factor: HIV co-infection, malnutrition and age. RESULTS: A total of 139 children were enrolled, with 62 (45%) women and 55 (40%) aged <5 years; 83 (60%) and 59 (42%) were severely malnourished (SAM) and HIV-infected, respectively. TB confirmation occurred in 27 (19%); 62 (45%) had unconfirmed TB and 50 (36%) had unlikely TB. Children with TB were more likely to have POCUS-positive results (93%) compared with children with unlikely TB (34%). Common POCUS signs in patients with TB were: lung consolidation (57%), SUNs (55%) and pleural effusion (30%), and focal splenic lesions (28%). In children with confirmed TB, POCUS sensitivity was 85% (95% CI) (67.5% to 94.1%). In those with unlikely TB, specificity was 66% (95% CI 52.2% to 77.6%). Unlike HIV infection and age, SAM was associated with a higher POCUS-positivity. Cohen's kappa coefficient for concordance between field and expert reviewers ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of POCUS signs in children with TB compared with children with unlikely TB. POCUS-positivity was dependent on nutritional status but not on HIV status or age. TB-focused POCUS could potentially play a supportive role in the diagnosis of TB in children. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05364593.

Evaluation of Interobserver Agreement in the Diagnosis of Posterior Pelvic Ring Lesions Using Plain Radiography.

Objective To evaluate the interobserver agreement of a radiologist, two hip specialist orthopedists with experience in the treatment of pelvic and acetabulum fractures, two general orthopedists, two orthopedics residents and two radiology residents regarding the diagnosis of posterior pelvic ring injuries using plain radiography. Method A cross-sectional study conducted in September 2017. The exams of 20 patients who had been treated for traumatic lesions of the posterior pelvic ring were randomly selected.. A total of nine examiners from different medical fields evaluated the plain pelvic radiographs; those were compared with computed tomography, scans, which are considered a confirmatory diagnostic criterion. Interobserver agreement was assessed using the Kappa test ( κ ) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results A total of 28 lesions were found by computed tomography (23%; 95%CI: 16-32%) among all of the cases evaluated. The interobserver agreement between plain radiography and computed tomography was moderate among physicians with more experience: a radiologist ( κ = 0.461; 95%CI: 0.270-0.652), hip specialists 1 and 2 ( κ = 0.534; 95%CI: 0.348-0.721 and κ = 0.431; 95%CI: 0.235-0.627 respectively), and general orthopedists 1 and 2 ( κ = 0.497; 95%CI: 0.307-0.686 and κ = 0.449; 95%CI: 0.254-0.645 respectively). Among the orthopedics and radiology residents, the interobserver agreement was considered poor. High false negative values were found among all of the examiners, especially regarding posterior iliac fractures and sacrum fractures. Conclusion Professionals with greater experience in the field have a better ability to identify posterior pelvic ring lesions by plain radiography, but we emphasize that plain pelvic radiography was susceptible to false negative evaluations among all of the professionals assessed.

Evaluation of Interobserver Agreement in the Diagnosis of Posterior Pelvic Ring Lesions Using Plain Radiography / Avaliação da concordância interobservador no diagnóstico de lesões do anel pélvico posterior usando radiografia simples

Abstract Objective To evaluate the interobserver agreement of a radiologist, two hip specialist orthopedists with experience in the treatment of pelvic and acetabulum fractures, two general orthopedists, two orthopedics residents and two radiology residents regarding the diagnosis of posterior pelvic ring injuries using plain radiography. Method A cross-sectional study conducted in September 2017. The exams of 20 patients who had been treated for traumatic lesions of the posterior pelvic ring were randomly selected.. A total of nine examiners from different medical fields evaluated the plain pelvic radiographs; those were compared with computed tomography, scans, which are considered a confirmatory diagnostic criterion. Interobserver agreement was assessed using the Kappa test (κ) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results A total of 28 lesions were found by computed tomography (23%; 95%CI: 16-32%) among all of the cases evaluated. The interobserver agreement between plain radiography and computed tomography was moderate among physicians with more experience: a radiologist (κ = 0.461; 95%CI: 0.270-0.652), hip specialists 1 and 2 (κ = 0.534; 95%CI: 0.348-0.721 and κ = 0.431; 95%CI: 0.235-0.627 respectively), and general orthopedists 1 and 2 (κ = 0.497; 95%CI: 0.307-0.686 and κ = 0.449; 95%CI: 0.254-0.645 respectively). Among the orthopedics and radiology residents, the interobserver agreement was considered poor. High false negative values were found among all of the examiners, especially regarding posterior iliac fractures and sacrum fractures. Conclusion Professionals with greater experience in the field have a better ability to identify posterior pelvic ring lesions by plain radiography, but we emphasize that plain pelvic radiography was susceptible to false negative evaluations among all of the professionals assessed.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a concordância interobservador de radiologista, dois ortopedistas especialistas em quadril com experiência no tratamento de fraturas da pelve e acetábulo, dois ortopedistas gerais, dois residentes de ortopedia, e dois residentes de radiologia no diagnóstico de lesões do anel pélvico posterior usando radiografia simples. Método Estudo transversal, realizado em setembro de 2017. Foram selecionados retrospectivamente e de modo aleatório exames de 20 pacientes atendidos previamente com lesões traumáticas do anel pélvico posterior. Nove examinadores de diferentes áreas médicas avaliaram as radiografias simples de bacia, que foram comparadas com a tomografia computadorizada, considerada critério confirmatório de diagnóstico. A concordância interobservador foi analisada pelo teste de Kappa (κ), e com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados Foram encontradas pela tomografia computadorizada 28 lesões (23%; IC95%: 16-32%) em todos os casos avaliados. A concordância interobservador entre a radiografia simples e a tomografia computadorizada foi moderada nos médicos com mais experiência: o radiologista (κ = 0,461; IC95%: 0,270-0,652), os especialistas em quadril 1 e 2 (κ = 0,534; IC95%: 0,348-0,721; e κ = 0,431; IC95%: 0,235-0,627, respectivamente), e os ortopedistas gerais 1 e 2 (κ = 0,497; IC95%: 0,307-0,686; e κ = 0,449; IC95%: 0,254-0,645, respectivamente). Já com relação aos residentes de ortopedia e radiologia, a concordância interobservador foi considerada fraca. Nos diagnósticos de todos os examinadores, foram encontrados altos valores falso-negativos, principalmente nas fraturas da região posterior do ilíaco e nas fraturas do sacro. Conclusão Profissionais com mais experiência na área apresentam melhor capacidade de identificação de lesões do anel pélvico posterior por radiografia simples; porém, salienta-se que a radiografia simples de pelve esteve suscetível a avaliações falso-negativas da parte de todos os profissionais estudados.

Blood transfusion in hip arthroplasty: a laboratory hematic curve must be the single predictor of the need for transfusion?

OBJECTIVE: to determine whether the laboratory hematic curve must be the single predictor of postoperative blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: the laboratory blood samples of 78 consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty was analyzed during five distinct moments: one preoperative and four postoperative. There was a count of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets of the patients samples. Other catalogued variables ascertain possible risk factors related to transfusional practice. They characterized the anthropometric, behavioral and co morbidities data in this population. The study subjects were divided and categorized into two groups: those who received blood transfusion during or after surgery (Group 1, G1), and those who did not accomplish blood transfusion (Group 2, G2). Transfusion rules were lead by guidelines of American Academy of Anesthesiology and the British Society of Hematology. RESULTS: a total of 27 (34.6%) patients received blood transfusions. The curves of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet transfusions between G1 and G2 were similar (p > 0.05). None of the analyzed risk factors modified the rate of transfusion rate in their analysis with p value > 0.05, except the race. The sum of clinical co morbidities associated with patients in G1 was a median of 3 (95% CI 2.29-3.40), while in G2 the median was 2 (95% CI 1.90-2.61) with p = 0.09. CONCLUSION: the curve in red blood cells has limited reliability when used as sole parameter. The existence of tolerant patients hematimetric curve variations assumes that their assessments of clinical, functional evaluation and co-morbidities are parameters that should influence the decision to transfusion red blood cells.

OBJETIVO: verificar se a curva laboratorial hemática deve ser o único preditor de transfusão sanguínea pós-operatória em artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ). MÉTODOS: amostras laboratoriais sanguíneas de 78 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à ATQ foram analisadas em cinco em períodos distintos (um pré-operatório e quatro pós-operatórios). Verificou-se a contagem de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas desses pacientes. Foram analisadas características antropométricas e comportamentais e comorbidades referentes à amostra, para verificação de fatores de risco associados à prática transfusional. Os indivíduos do estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles que receberam transfusão sanguínea foram alocados no Grupo 1 (G1) e os que não a receberam, no Grupo 2 (G2). As condutas transfusionais respaldaram-se dos critérios da Academia Americana de Anestesiologia e da Sociedade Britânica de Hematologia. RESULTADOS: receberam transfusão de hemoderivados 27 (34,6%) pacientes. As análises das curvas de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas entre o G1 e o G2 nas cinco visitas distintas foram similares (p > 0,05). Todos os fatores de risco analisados, com exceção da etnia, não apresentaram repercussões nos índice de transfusão em suas análises com valor p > 0,05. A soma das comorbidades clínicas associadas aos pacientes no G1 foi mediana de 3 (IC 95% 2,29­3,40), enquanto no G2 a mediana foi 2 (IC 95% 1,90­2,61) com valor p = 0,09. CONCLUSÃO: a curva hemática apresenta confiabilidade limitada quando usada como parâmetro exclusivo e absoluto. A existência de pacientes tolerantes às variações da curva hematimétrica pressupõe que as suas avaliações de caráter clínico, funcional e de comorbidades sejam parâmetros que devam influenciar na decisão do uso de hemoderivados.

Association between trochanteric bursitis, osteoarthrosis and total hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: this was an epidemiological study on trochanteric bursitis at the time of performing total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: sixty-two sequential patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty due to osteoarthrosis, without any previous history of trochanteric bursitis, were evaluated. The bursas were collected and evaluated histologically. RESULTS: there were 35 female patients (56.5%) and 27 male patients (43.5%), with a mean age of 65 years (±11). Trochanteric bursitis was conformed histologically in nine patients (14.5%), of whom six were female (66.7%) and three were male (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: 14.5% of the bursas analyzed presented inflammation at the time that the primary total hip arthroplasty due to osteoarthrosis was performed, and the majority of the cases of bursitis were detected in female patients.

OBJETIVO: fazer um estudo epidemiológico da bursite trocantérica no momento da feitura da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ). MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 62 pacientes, sequenciais, submetidos à ATQ por osteoartrose, sem história prévia de bursite trocantérica. As bursas foram coletadas e avaliadas histologicamente. RESULTADOS: foram observados 35 pacientes do sexo feminino (56,5%) e 27 do masculino (43,5%), com média de 65 anos (+/−11). A bursite trocantérica foi confirmada histologicamente em nove (14,5%), seis do sexo feminino (66,7%) e três (33,3%) do masculino. CONCLUSÕES: das bursas analisadas, 14,5% apresentaram inflamação no momento da feitura da ATQ primária por osteoartrose. A maioria das bursites foi detectada nas pacientes femininas.

Do patients lose weight after total hip arthroplasty?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on body mass index (BMI), from before to after the operation. METHODS: 100 patients who underwent THA were retrospectively analyzed. They were stratified according to BMI, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: There were 48 male patients and 52 female patients. Their mean age was 63.8 ± 13.5 years. The mean follow-up was 24.6 ± 0.6 months. The men had a mean preoperative BMI of 28.4 ± 3.6 kg/m(2) and the women, 27.5 ± 5.0 kg/m(2). The mean postoperative BMI was 28.9 ± 0.7 kg/m(2) for the men and 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m(2) for the women. There was a general mean increase in BMI of 0.4 kg/m(2). The BMI increased both in patients with normal weight and in those who were overweight, but it decreased slightly in patients who were obese. BMI remained unchanged in the majority of the patients (73%). CONCLUSION: The improvement in mobility achieved through THA did not promote any reduction in anthropometric measurements in the majority of the patients.

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) no índice de massa corporal em relação ao pré e ao pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 100 pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os pacientes foram estratificados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), conforme proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). RESULTADOS: Foram observados 48 pacientes do sexo masculino e 52 do feminino. A média de idade foi de 63,8 ± 13,5 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 24,6 ± 0,6 meses. Os homens apresentaram IMC pré-operatório médio de 28,4 ± 3,6 kg/m2 e as mulheres, de 27,5 ± 5,0 kg/m2. O IMC médio pós-operatório foi 28,9 ± 0,7 kg/m2 para os homens e 27,8 ± 0,7 kg/m2 para as mulheres. Ocorreu uma média de aumento geral do IMC em 0,4 kg/m2. O IMC aumentou em pacientes com peso normal e com sobrepeso, mas diminuiu levemente em pacientes com obesidade. A maioria dos pacientes (73%) permaneceu com o IMC inalterado. CONCLUSÃO: A melhoria da mobilidade obtida com a ATQ não promoveu uma redução das medidas antropométricas na maioria dos pacientes.

Dynamic hip screw for the treatment of femoral neck fractures: a prospective study with 96 patients.

UNLABELLED: Objectives. To study the correlation between avascular necrosis and the demographics, time elapsed from fracture to surgery, quality of reduction, Garden classification, and the position of the screw following use of the dynamic hip screw (DHS) in the treatment of subcapital neck fractures. Methods. A prospective study of 96 patients with subcapital neck fractures was carried out in a faculty hospital. Patients underwent surgery with closed reduction and internal fixation with DHS. Results. There were 58% male and 42% female patients, with a mean age of 53 years (+/-14). In terms of Garden classification, 60% were Garden IV, 26% were Garden III, and 14% were Garden II. Nonunion was observed in three cases (3%) and was treated with valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy, in all cases leading to successful healing. Avascular necrosis was observed in 16% of patients. The positioning of the screw into the femoral head showed a significant correlation with necrosis. Conclusions. The incidence of necrosis in patients under the age of 50 years is twice as high as that in older patients. Displacement is a predictive factor regarding osteonecrosis and is associated with a high and anterior position of the screw in the femoral head. Level II of evidence. STUDY TYPE: therapeutic study.

Dimensional analysis of total hip arthroplasty polyethylenes.

OBJECTIVE: This paper performs a dimensional analysis of different total hip arthroplasty polyethylenes, cemented and non-cemented, Brazilian made and imported. METHODS: It was considered acetabular components with 50 mm for the 28 mm femoral heads. Dimensional analysis was performed on a 3D coordinate Carl-Zeiss robotic device. Polyethylene thickness and its external measurements (maximum diameter and diameter for the femoral head) were measured. RESULTS: The minimum thickness of the polyethylene was guaranteed on all tested components. The thickness of cemented acetabular varied from 19.185 mm to 25.358 mm, while the thickness of the non-cemented acetabular varied from 12.451 mm to 19.232 mm. The thickness was 27.96% lower in non-cemented acetabular components. With respect to the polyethylene acetabular cavity that receives the femoral head, all internal diameters exhibit at least 28 mm. In relation to the maximum outer diameter of the polyethylene, only one cemented acetabular component reached 50 mm in diameter. CONCLUSIONS: There are large differences in measurements between brands and models analyzed. Cementless acetabular components have the smaller thickness. The diameters of non-cemented acetabular were also lower than those cemented at the expense of their need to insert into the metal-back.

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo faz uma análise dimensional dos diferentes acetábulos cimentados e não cimentados, nacionais e importados, disponíveis no mercado nacional para artroplastia total do quadril. MÉTODOS: Foram considerados os acetábulos de 50 mm, destinados às cabeças femorais de 28 mm. As análises dimensionais foram feitas em um equipamento tridimensional robótico de medição por coordenadas. Avaliou-se a menor espessura do polietileno e suas medidas externas (diâmetro do espaço para a cabeça femoral e diâmetro máximo do acetábulo). RESULTADOS: A espessura mínima do polietileno foi garantida em todos os componentes testados. A espessura dos acetábulos cimentados variou de 19,185 mm a 25,358 mm, enquanto a espessura dos acetábulos não cimentados variou de 12,451 mm a 19,232 mm A espessura foi em média 27,96% menor nos acetábulos não cimentados. Em relação à cavidade acetabular do polietileno que recebe a cabeça femoral, todos os diâmetros internos apresentaram pelo menos 28 mm. Em relação ao diâmetro externo máximo do polietileno, apenas um acetábulo cimentado atingiu os 50 mm de diâmetro. CONCLUSÕES: Observaram-se grandes diferenças nas medidas entre as marcas e os modelos analisados. Os acetábulos não cimentados têm uma espessura menor. Os diâmetros dos acetábulos não cimentados também foram menores do que os cimentados, à custa de sua necessidade de inserção no metal-back.

NEW BEARING SURFACES IN TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT.

Total hip arthroplasty is being increasingly indicated for younger and more active patients, in addition to a naturally growing demand for the procedure because of increasing life expectancy among patients. The high costs of this surgery and the controversies regarding implant performance have made this topic the subject of constant research, seeking new materials with better resistance to wear and better biocompatibility. The present article provides a review of new surfaces in total hip arthroplasty.

EVALUATION OF THE MORTALITY RATE ONE YEAR AFTER HIP FRACTURE AND FACTORS RELATING TO DIMINISHED SURVIVAL AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality rate after one year and correlated preoperative factors, among patients with hip fractures. METHODS: We prospectively studied 202 out of a total of 376 patients with a diagnosis of hip fracture who were admitted to the Hospital Cristo Redentor, between October 2007 and March 2009. The database with the epidemiological analysis was set up during their hospitalization, and follow-up data were obtained preferentially by phone. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate after one year of follow-up was 28.7% or 58 deaths, among which 11 (5.45%) occurred during hospitalization. Fractures were more prevalent among women (71.3%) and rare among blacks (5%). Among the comorbidities, dementia and depression showed a statistically significant reduction in survival (p = 0.018 and 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION: The mortality rate after one year of follow-up was 28.7%. Dementia and depression increased this rate.

COMPARISON OF VOLUMES OCCUPIED BY DIFFERENT INTERNAL FIXATION DEVICES FOR FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to measure the volume occupied by the most widely used internal fixation devices for treating femoral neck fractures, using the first 30, 40 and 50 mm of insertion of each screw as an approximation. The study aimed to observe which of these implants caused least bone aggression. METHODS: Five types of cannulated screws and four types of dynamic hip screws (DHS) available on the Brazilian market were evaluated in terms of volume differences through water displacement. RESULTS: Fixation with two cannulated screws presented significantly less volume than shown by DHS, for insertions of 30, 40 and 50 mm (p=0.01, 0.012 and 0.013, respectively), fixation with three screws did not show any statistically significant difference (p= 0.123, 0.08 and 0.381, respectively) and fixation with four cannulated screws presented larger volumes than shown by DHS (p=0.072, 0.161 and 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Fixation of the femoral neck with two cannulated screws occupied less volume than DHS, with a statistically significant difference. The majority of screw combinations did not reach statistical significance, although fixation with four cannulated screws presented larger volumes on average than those occupied by DHS.

Transfusão sanguínea em artroplastia de quadril: a curva laboratorial hemática deve ser o único preditor da necessidade de transfusão? / Blood transfusion in hip arthroplasty: a laboratory hematic curve must be the single predictor of the need for transfusion?

Objetivo: verificar se a curva laboratorial hemática deve ser o único preditor de transfusão sanguínea pós-operatória em artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ). Métodos: amostras laboratoriais sanguíneas de 78 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à ATQ foram analisadas em cinco em períodos distintos (um pré-operatório e quatro pós-operatórios). Verificou-se a contagem de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas desses pacientes. Foram analisadas características antropométricas e comportamentais e comorbidades referentes à amostra, para verificação de fatores de risco associados à prática transfusional. Os indivíduos do estudo foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles que receberam transfusão sanguínea foram alocados no Grupo 1 (G1) e os que não a receberam, no Grupo 2 (G2). As condutas transfusionais respaldaram-se dos critérios da Academia Americana de Anestesiologia e da Sociedade Britânica de Hematologia. Resultados: receberam transfusão de hemoderivados 27 (34,6%) pacientes. As análises das curvas de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas entre o G1 e o G2 nas cinco visitas distintas foram similares (p > 0,05). Todos os fatores de risco analisados, com exceção da etnia, não apresentaram repercussões nos índice de transfusão em suas análises com valor p > 0,05. A soma das comorbidades clínicas associadas aos pacientes no G1 foi mediana de 3 (IC 95% 2,29-3,40), enquanto no G2 a mediana foi 2 (IC 95% 1,90-2,61) com valor p = 0,09. Conclusão: a curva hemática apresenta confiabilidade limitada quando usada como parâmetro exclusivo e absoluto. A existência de pacientes tolerantes às variações da curva hematimétrica pressupõe que as suas avaliações de caráter clínico, funcional e de ...

Objective: to determine whether the laboratory hematic curve must be the single predictor of postoperative blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty. Methods: the laboratory blood samples of 78 consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty was analyzed during five distinct moments: one preoperative and four postoperative. There was a count of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets of the patients samples. Other catalogued variables ascertain possible risk factors related to transfusional practice. They characterized the anthropometric, behavioral and co morbidities data in this population. The study subjects were divided and categorized into two groups: those who received blood transfusion during or after surgery (Group 1, G1), and those who did not accomplish blood transfusion (Group 2, G2). Transfusion rules were lead by guidelines of American Academy of Anesthesiology and the British Society of Hematology. Results: a total of 27 (34.6%) patients received blood transfusions. The curves of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet transfusions between G1 and G2 were similar (p > 0.05). None of the analyzed risk factors modified the rate of transfusion rate in their analysis with p value > 0.05, except the race. The sum of clinical co morbidities associated with patients in G1 was a median of 3 (95% CI 2.29-3.40), while in G2 the median was 2 (95% CI 1.90-2.61) with p = 0.09. Conclusion: the curve in red blood cells has limited reliability when used as sole parameter. The existence of tolerant patients hematimetric curve variations assumes that their assessments of clinical, functional evaluation and co-morbidities are parameters that should influence the decision to transfusion red blood cells. .

Association between trochanteric bursitis, osteoarthrosis and total hip arthroplasty / Associação entre bursite trocantérica, osteoartrose e artroplastia total do quadril

OBJECTIVE: this was an epidemiological study on trochanteric bursitis at the time of performing total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: sixty-two sequential patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty due to osteoarthrosis, without any previous history of trochanteric bursitis, were evaluated. The bursas were collected and evaluated histologically. RESULTS: there were 35 female patients (56.5%) and 27 male patients (43.5%), with a mean age of 65 years (±11). Trochanteric bursitis was conformed histologically in nine patients (14.5%), of whom six were female (66.7%) and three were male (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: 14.5% of the bursas analyzed presented inflammation at the time that the primary total hip arthroplasty due to osteoarthrosis was performed, and the majority of the cases of bursitis were detected in female patients...

OBJETIVO: fazer um estudo epidemiológico da bursite trocantérica no momento da feitura da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ). MÉTODOS: foram avaliados 62 pacientes, sequenciais, submetidos à ATQ por osteoartrose, sem história prévia de bursite trocantérica. As bursas foram coletadas e avaliadas histologicamente. RESULTADOS: foram observados 35 pacientes do sexo feminino (56,5%) e 27 do masculino (43,5%), com média de 65 anos (+/-11). A bursite trocantérica foi confirmada histologicamente em nove (14,5%), seis do sexo feminino (66,7%) e três (33,3%) do masculino. CONCLUSÕES: das bursas analisadas, 14,5% apresentaram inflamação no momento da feitura da ATQ primária por osteoartrose. A maioria das bursites foi detectada nas pacientes femininas...

Do patients lose weight after total hip arthroplasty?

Objective: To investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on body mass index (BMI), from before to after the operation. Methods: 100 patients who underwent THA were retrospectively analyzed. They were stratified according to BMI, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: There were 48 male patients and 52 female patients. Their mean age was 63.8 ± 13.5 years. The mean follow-up was 24.6 ± 0.6 months. The men had a mean preoperative BMI of 28.4± 3.6kg/m2 and the women, 27.5 ±5.0kg/m2. The mean postoperative BMI was 28.9 ±0.7kg/m2 for the men and 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2 for the women. There was a general mean increase in BMI of 0.4kg/m2. The BMI increased both in patients with normal weight and in those who were overweight, but it decreased slightly in patients who were obese. BMI remained unchanged in the majority of the patients (73%). Conclusion: The improvement in mobility achieved through THA did not promote any reduction in anthropometric measurements in the majority of the patients...

Objetiuo: Investigar o efeito da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) no índice de massa corporal em relação ao pré e ao pós-operatório. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 100 pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os pacientes foram estratificados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), conforme proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Resultados: Foram observados 48 pacientes do sexo masculino e 52 do feminino. A média de idade foi de 63,8 ± 13,5 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 24,6 ± 0,6 meses. Os homens apresentaram IMC pré-operatório médio de 28,4 ±3,6 kg/m2 e as mulheres, de 27,5 ±5,0 kg/m2. O IMC médio pós-operatório foi 28,9±0,7kg/m2 para os homens e 27,8±0,7kg/m2 para as mulheres. Ocorreu uma média de aumento geral do IMC em 0,4kg/m2. O IMC aumentou em pacientes com peso normal e com sobrepeso, mas diminuiu levemente em pacientes com obesidade. A maioria dos pacientes (73%) permaneceu com o IMC inalterado. Conclusão: A melhoria da mobilidade obtida com a ATQ não promoveu uma redução das medidas antropométricas na maioria dos pacientes...

Dimensional analysis of total hip arthroplasty polyethylenes / Análise dimensional de diferentes acetábulos usados na artroplastia total do quadril

Objective: This paper performs a dimensional analysis of different total hip arthroplasty polyethylenes, cemented and non-cemented, Brazilian made and imported. Methods: It was considered acetabular components with 50 mm for the 28 mm femoral heads. Dimensional analysis was performed on a 3D coordinate Carl-Zeiss robotic device. Polyethylene thickness and its external measurements (maximum diameter and diameter for the femoral head) were measured. Results: The minimum thickness of the polyethylene was guaranteed on all tested components. The thickness of cemented acetabular varied from 19.185 mm to 25.358 mm, while the thickness of the non-cemented acetabular varied from 12.451 mm to 19.232 mm. The thickness was 27.96% lower in non-cemented acetabular components. With respect to the polyethylene acetabular cavity that receives the femoral head, all internal diameters exhibit at least 28 mm. In relation to the maximum outer diameter of the polyethylene, only one cemented acetabular component reached 50 mm in diameter. Conclusions: There are large differences in measurements between brands and models analyzed. Cementless acetabular components have the smaller thickness. The diameters of non-cemented acetabular were also lower than those cemented at the expense of their need to insert into the metal-back. .

Objetivo: O presente estudo faz uma análise dimensional dos diferentes acetábulos cimentados e não cimentados, nacionais e importados, disponíveis no mercado nacional para artroplastia total do quadril. Métodos: Foram considerados os acetábulos de 50mm, destinados às cabeças femorais de 28 mm. As análises dimensionais foram feitas em um equipamento tridimensional robótico de medição por coordenadas. Avaliou-se a menor espessura do polietileno e suas medidas externas (diâmetro do espaço para a cabeça femoral e diâmetro máximo do acetábulo). Resultados: A espessura mínima do polietileno foi garantida em todos os componentes testados. A espessura dos acetábulos cimentados variou de 19,185 mm a 25,358 mm, enquanto a espessura dos acetábulos não cimentados variou de 12,451 mm a 19,232 mm A espessura foi em média 27,96% menor nos acetábulos não cimentados. Em relação à cavidade acetabular do polietileno que recebe a cabeça femoral, todos os diâmetros internos apresentaram pelo menos 28 mm. Em relação ao diâmetro externo máximo do polietileno, apenas um acetábulo cimentado atingiu os 50 mm de diâmetro. Conclusões: Observaram-se grandes diferenças nas medidas entre as marcas e os modelos analisados. Os acetábulos não cimentados têm uma espessura menor. Os diâmetros dos acetábulos não cimentados também foram menores do que os cimentados, à custa de sua necessidade de inserção no metal-back. .

Avaliação da taxa de mortalidade em um ano após fratura do quadril e fatores relacionados à diminuição de sobrevida no idoso / Evaluation of the mortality rate one year after hip fracture and factors relating to diminished survival among elderly people

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a taxa de mortalidade em um ano e fatores pré-operatórios correlacionados em pacientes com fratura do quadril. MÉTODOS: Os autores estudaram, prospectivamente, 202 de um total de 376 pacientes com diagnóstico de fratura do quadril, que foram admitidos no Hospital Cristo Redentor entre outubro de 2007 e março de 2009. A montagem do banco de dados com análise do perfil epidemiológico foi realizada durante a internação e os dados de seguimento preferencialmente por telefone. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade total após um ano de seguimento foi de 28,7% ou 58 óbitos, dentre os quais 11 (5,45%) ocorreram na internação. As fraturas foram mais prevalentes em mulheres (71,3%) e pouco comuns em negros (5%). Dentre as comorbidades, demência e depressão apresentaram uma redução estatisticamente significante da sobrevida, (p de 0,018 e de 0,007, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de mortalidade após um ano de seguimento foi de 28,7%. A demência e a depressão aumentaram esta taxa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality rate at one year and preoperative correlated factors in patients with hip fractures. METHODS: We studied prospectively, 202 of a total of 376 patients with hip fracture who were admitted to the Hospital Cristo Redentor, between October 2007 and March 2009. The assembly of the database with the epidemiological analysis was performed during hospitalization and follow up data preferably by phone. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate after one year of follow-up was 28.7% or 58 deaths, among which 11 (5.45%) occurred during hospitalization. The fractures were more prevalent among women (71.3%) and less common in blacks (5%). Among the comorbidities, dementia and depression showed a statistically significant reduction in survival (p of 0,018 and 0,007, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mortality rate after one year of follow-up was 28,7%. Dementia and depression increased this rate.