The combined detection of carcinoembryonic antigen, carcinogenic antigen 125, and carcinogenic antigen 19-9 in colorectal cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA) 125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear. AIM: To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC. METHODS: The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone (50 cases) and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases (50 cases) who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023. Serum CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis. In addition, we performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: The results showed that the serum CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group. Specifically, the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03 ± 810.01 ng/mL, while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71 ± 9.76 ng/mL; the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47 ± 83.52 U/mL respectively. and 13.5 ± 19.68 U/mL; the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46 ± 473.13 U/mL and 26.55 ± 43.96 U/mL respectively. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607, 0.692 and 0.586. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis, thereby improving patient prognosis.

Clinical significance of peripheral blood immune cells in patients with gastric cancer after surgery.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and surgical resection is one of the main ways to treat gastric cancer. However, the immune status of postoperative patients is crucial for prognosis and survival, and immune cells play an important role in this process. Therefore, it is helpful to understand the immune status of postoperative patients by evaluating the levels of peripheral blood immune cells, especially total T cells (CD3+), helper T cells (CD3+CD4+), and suppressor T cells (CD3+CD8+), and its relationship to survival. AIM: To analyzed the immune cells in peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer after surgery, detect the levels of total T cells, helper T cells and suppressor T cells. METHODS: A total of 58 patients with gastric cancer who received surgical treatment were included in the retrospective study. Flow cytometry was used to detect the level of peripheral blood immune cells and analyze the correlation between total T cells, helper T cells and inhibitory T cells. To explore the relationship between these immune markers and patient survival. RESULTS: The results showed that the levels of total T cells, helper T cells, and suppressor T cells changed in patients after gastric cancer surgery. There was a significant positive correlation between total T cells, helper T cells and suppressor T cells (r = 0.35, P < 0.01; r = 0.56, P < 0.01). However, there was a negative correlation between helper T cells and suppressor T cells (r = -0.63, P < 0.01). Follow-up showed that the survival rate of patients in the high-level total T cell group was significantly higher than that in the low-level group (28.87 ± 24.98 months vs 18.42 ± 16.21 months). The survival curve shows that the curve of patients in the high-level group is shifted to the upper right, and that of the low-level group is shifted downward. There was no significant difference between the levels of helper T cells and suppressor T cells and patient survival time. CONCLUSION: By detecting peripheral blood immune cells with flow cytometry, we can initially evaluate the immune status of patients after gastric cancer surgery and initially explore its relationship with patient survival.

Synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles via oxidative tandem quartic C-H aminations and cleavage of C-N and C-C bonds.

Via aerobic copper-catalyzed tandem quartic C-H aminations, we herein present an unprecedented approach for the synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles from aniline derivatives and 2-substituted cyclic amines. The cyclic amines act as the CN building blocks and are involved in the annulation reaction by cleavage of inert α-C-N and ß-C-C bonds. The synthetic protocol features high selectivity, no need for specific aminating agents, mild conditions, and the use of a naturally abundant [Cu]/O2 catalyst system.

Selective construction of fused heterocycles by an iridium-catalyzed reductive three-component annulation reaction.

Catalytic conversion of ubiquitously distributed but less reactive N-heteroarenes into functional products remains to date a challenge. Here, through an initial pretreatment of N-heteroarenes with alkyl bromide, we describe a syn-selective construction of functional fused heterocycles via iridium catalyzed reductive annulation of N-heteroarenium salts with formaldehyde and cyclic 1,3-diketones or 4-hydroxycoumarins, proceeding with broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, readily available feedstocks, and high step and atom efficiency.

Straightforward access to novel indolo[2,3-b]indoles via aerobic copper-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of diarylamines and indoles.

Herein, we report an unprecedented aerobic copper-catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction of diarylamines with indoles, which allows direct access to novel 2-diarylaminoindolo[2,3-b]indoles, a class of potential photoelectric device molecules. The developed transformation proceeds with broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high chemo-selectivity, and no need for pre-preparation of specific agents, which offers a practical route for diverse and atom-economic synthesis of the desired products that are difficult to prepare with the conventional approaches.

Direct Access to Functionalized Indoles via Single Electron Oxidation Induced Coupling of Diarylamines with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds.

Under aerobic copper catalysis, an unprecedented direct synthesis of functionalized indoles via single electron oxidation induced coupling of diarylamines with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is presented. The protocol proceeds with good functional group and substrate compatibility, the use of readily available feedstocks and naturally abundant catalyst system, high step and atom efficiency, as well as selectivity, which offers a platform for accessing a new class of indoles with the potential for the discovery of functional molecules.

Synthesis of Multisubstituted Benzimidazolones via Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Tandem C-H Aminations and Alkyl Deconstructive Carbofunctionalization.

Benzimidazolone constitutes the core structure of numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, inhibitors, pigments, herbicides, and fine chemicals. Amination of hydrocarbons is an attractive tool for the creation of nitrogen-containing products. However, the multiple steps, harsh conditions, and low atom efficiencies often present in these reactions remain challenging. We present a multicomponent synthesis of functional benzimidazolones from arylamines, dialkylamines, and alcohols, acting via the sequence of copper-catalyzed oxidative tandem C-H aminations and alkyl deconstructive carbofunctionalization. The catalytic transformation forms multiple bonds in one single operation, uses readily available feedstocks and a naturally abundant Cu/O2 catalyst system, has broad substrate scope, avoids pre-installation of aminating agents and directing groups, and provides high chemo- and regioselectivity, resulting in direct functionalization of inert C-H and C-C bonds via single-electron oxidation-induced activation mode. This platform can be expected to provide structurally diverse products with interesting biological, chemical, and physical properties.