Endocardial substrate of ventricular tachycardia in an adult patient with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries without surgical repair.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare congenital heart disease which may present sudden cardiac death presumably due to malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT). In patients with congenital heart disease, knowledge of arrhythmogenic substrate is crucial for planning an ablation procedure. We present the first description of the arrhythmogenic endocardial substrate of a non-iatrogenic scar-related VT in a patient with CCTGA.

Combining familial hypercholesterolemia and statin genetic studies as a strategy for the implementation of pharmacogenomics. A multidisciplinary approach.

The diagnostic process of familial hypercholesterolemia frequently involves the use of genetic studies. Patients are treated with lipid-lowering drugs, frequently statins. Although pharmacogenomic clinical practice guidelines focusing on genotype-based statin prescription have been published, their use in routine clinical practice remains very modest.We have implemented a new NGS strategy that combines a panel of genes related to familial hypercholesterolemia with genomic regions related to the pharmacogenomics of lipid-lowering drugs described in clinical practice guidelines and in EMA and FDA drug labels. A multidisciplinary team of doctors, biologists, and pharmacists creates a clinical report that provides diagnostic and therapeutic findings using a knowledge management and clinical decision support system, as well as an algorithm for treatment selection.For 12 months, a total of 483 genetic diagnostic studies for familial hypercholesterolemia were carried out, of which 221 (45.8%) requested a complementary pharmacogenomic test. Of these 221 patients, 66.5% were carriers of actionable variants in any of the studied pharmacogenomic pathways: 46.6% of patients in one pathway, 19.0% in two pathways, and 0.9% in three pathways. 45.7% of patients could have a response to atorvastatin different from that of the reference population, 45.7% for simvastatin and lovastatin, 29.0% for fluvastatin, and 6.7% patients for pitavastatin.This implementation approach facilitates the incorporation of pharmacogenomic studies in clinical care practice, it does not add complexity nor additional steps to laboratory processes, and improves the pharmacotherapeutic process of patients.

Cambios electrocardiogáficos y arritmias en pacientes pediátricos con rabdomioma / Electrocardiographical changes and arrhythmias in pediatric patients with rabdomiome

La incidencia de tumores cardíacos en pediatría es menor de 0,1%, en su mayoría son de carácter benigno y másde la mitad rabdomiomas. La historia natural de estos tumores es de regresión y la mayoría no produce síntomas. No es infrecuente la asociación con cambios electrocardiográficos, dependiendo de la localización tumoral, y ocasionalmente su presentación concomitante con taquicardias ventriculares, bloqueos aurículo-ventriculares y supraventriculares por vías anómalas.Revisamos nuestra experiencia en pacientes diagnosticados con rabdomioma asociados a arritmias y suevolución. 18 pacientes, nueve de ellos varones diagnosticados con tumoración cardíaca y etiquetados como rabdomioma por imagenología, a una edad media de 7,7 meses (uno prenatalmente). 22% (4) presentaban esclerosis tuberosa asociada. La media de seguimiento es de 17 años. De los 18 pacientes, siete presentaban bloqueo de rama derecha (dos aislado, tres con bloqueo aurículo-ventricular de primer grado, dos con bloqueo aurículo-ventricular de segundo grado y extrasístoles ventriculares), tres debutaron con taquicardia o fibrilación ventricular, uno con bradicardia neonatal y siete con preexcitación intermitente (cuatro con taquicardia supraventricular), cinco fallecieron durante meses posteriores al diagnóstico, dos de ellos tempranamente en relación con arritmias ventriculares incontrolables, uno por problemas hemodinámicos obstructivos previo a cirugía y dos en el postoperatorio inmediato (ninguno de ellos tenía el diagnóstico de esclerosis tuberosa). De los 13 pacientes restantes, seis requirieron ser intervenidos por obstrucción tumoral. En uno se implantó un marcapasos AAI por disfunción sinusal evolutiva postoperatoria y en un paciente persiste preexcitación electrocardiográfica, sin taquicardia y en tratamiento con betabloqueantes, y en dos bloqueo de rama derecha, uno de ellos asociado a bloqueo aurículo ventricular de primer grado...

The incidence of cardiac tumors in children is < 0,1%; most of them are benign and more than half of them arerhabdomyosarcoma. The majority regresses without symptoms. Frequently, depending on the tumors location, electrocardiographic changes can be seen, occasionally with ventricular tachyarrhythmia, auricular-ventricular blockage and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia due to accessory pathways. Our experience with patients who had rhabdomyosarcoma with arrhythmias and their evolution is described in thispaper. 18 patients were included, nine boys with the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma through image with an age average of 7,7 months old (one was done prenatal). Four patients (22%) had tuberous sclerosis associated. Follow–up was done for an average of 17 years. Of the 18 patients, seven had sinoatrial block (two isolated, three with first degree AV block, two with second degree block and ventricular extrasystoles), three started with VT/VF, one had neonatal bradyarrhythmia and seven with intermitent preexcitement (four with SVT), five died months after the diagnosis, two died prematurelydue to uncontrollable ventricular arrhythmias, one had preoperative hemodynamic problems and two diedinmedialtely after surgery (none had tuberous sclerosis). Of the 13 patients left, six needed surgery due to tumoralobstruction. One patient needed a cardiac pacing and another patient persist with electrocardiographicpreexcitation, without tachyarrhythmia who is treated with â-blockers. Two have sinoatrial block, one of them firstdegree block. Of the rest three were operated and 16 had tumoral regression.Electrocardiographic alterations and arrythmias associated to tumors are frequent, malignant arrythmias can befatal but most of them dissapear when surgery of the tumor is practiced.