The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review.

Modifications in the microbiota caused by environmental and genetic reasons can unbalance the intestinal homeostasis, deregulating the host's metabolism and immune system, intensifying the risk factors for the development and aggravation of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD). The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been considered a potential and promising strategy to regulate the gut microbiota and produce beneficial effects in patients with liver conditions. For this reason, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in patients with NAFLD and NASH. Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were consulted, and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were followed. The clinical trials used in this study demonstrated that gut microbiota interventions could improve a wide range of markers of inflammation, glycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, liver injury (decrease of hepatic enzymes and steatosis and fibrosis). Although microbiota modulators do not play a healing role, they can work as an important adjunct therapy in pathological processes involving NAFLD and its spectrums, either by improving the intestinal barrier or by preventing the formation of toxic metabolites for the liver or by acting on the immune system.

Radiological and Functional Pulmonary Evolution in Post-COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study.

COVID-19 has generated a scenario for global health with multiple systemic impairments. This retrospective study evaluated the clinical, radiological, and pulmonary functional evolution in 302 post-COVID-19 patients. Regarding post-COVID-19 pulmonary symptoms, dry cough, dyspnea, and chest pain were the most frequent. Of the associated comorbidities, asthma was more frequent (23.5%). Chest tomography (CT) initially showed a mean pulmonary involvement of 69.7%, and evaluation in the subsequent months showed improvement in the evolutionary image. With less than six months post-pathology, there was a commitment of 37.7% from six to twelve months it was 20%, and after 12 months it was 9.9%. As for most of the sample, 50.3% of the patients presented CT normalization less than six months after infection, 23% were normalized between six and twelve months, and 5.2% presented with normalized images after twelve months, with one remaining. A percentage of 17.3% maintained post-COVID-19 pulmonary residual sequelae. Regarding spirometry, less than six months after pathology, 59.3% of the patients presented regular exam results, 12.3% had their function normalized within six to twelve months, and 6.3% had normal exam results twelve months after their post-pathology evaluation. Only 3.6% of the patients still showed some alteration during this period.

Applicability of the Geographic Tongue Area and Severity Index among Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Validation of a Newly Developed Geographic Tongue Scoring System.

Geographic tongue (GT) is a chronic condition of unknown aetiology, with no defined parameters to establish the protocol for evidence-based management. Validation of a newly developed and proposed clinical index to assess the severity of GT could assist in its diagnosis, especially in cases associated with systemic dermatological diseases in the form of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: To verify the applicability of the geographic tongue area and severity index (GTASI). This involved healthcare professionals from different specialties to evaluate the usefulness of the GTASI in supporting GT classification, as well as the follow-up process. METHODS: One hundred cases of previously diagnosed GT were initially evaluated by three independent, experienced researchers/clinicians to obtain a standardised classification baseline. Subsequently, nine cases of GT were selected, three cases for each category-mild, moderate and severe. These stages were professionally evaluated by 51 healthcare professionals from three groups: 17 dentists (33%), 22 oral medicine specialists (43%) and 12 specialist dermatologists (24%) during a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: The quantitative and qualitative assessment based on experts' opinions in the cross-sectional survey demonstrated an acceptable, similar level of GT clinical diagnosis (p > 0.05), with coherence between the various groups of professionals critically appraising the GTASI. An apparent divergence was observed for the moderate GT category, as well as in the group of less experienced evaluators. CONCLUSION: Whilst the validation of GTASI applicability was successfully executed, the general dental practitioners, specialists in oral medicine and dermatologists were equally capable of correct GT diagnosis and appropriately rating its severity. These coherent results were especially replicated among the experienced clinicians. The validation of the newly proposed index confirmed its reliability as a feasible instrument in oral medicine, with the prospect of its wider implementation in clinical practice.

Geographic tongue severity index: A new and clinical scoring system.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to develop a severity index for geographic tongue (GT) based on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional observational study, with a retrospective sample of 100 participants, included 5 photographs of each case (dorsum, right border, left border, apex, and lingual belly), totaling 500 images of GT, which were evaluated by 3 experienced researchers in the area of GT and psoriasis. At the end of the analysis, GT was classified as mild, moderate, or severe. RESULTS: Of the 100 patients, white women were most prevalent, accounting for 53% of cases. Of these participants, 34% had psoriasis and 24% reported a burning sensation. The values of the proposed new index obtained at time 1 (0.855) and time 2 (0.819) presented low variability, and intra- and interrater correlations produced satisfactory values ranging from 0.950 to 0.898 and 0.898 to 0.850, respectively. CONCLUSION: The new index, Geographic Tongue Area and Severity Index, provides a better characterization of GT by assessing the severity of lesions in an easy and reliable manner, and it is indicated as a first step for interpreting the condition in clinical routines and clinical trials.

Prevalence and heritability of psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis in one Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: An oral condition associated to psoriasis is benign migratory glossitis. The review of the literature does not show any publication about heritability in both soriasis and benign migratory glossitis and prevalence of psoriasis in the Brazilian population. OBJECTIVE: This research was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis in the Brazilian population from a Brazilian sample, as well as the heritability in these conditions. METHODS: Six thousand patients were studied from the records of the outpatient dermatology department. The sample had 129 patients with cutaneous psoriasis, 399 with benign migratory glossitis without psoriasis and a control group with 5,472 patients. After data collection, the statistical analysis was made using Woolf, Chi-square and Falconer tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of psoriasis was 2.15% and the benign migratory glossitis was 7.0%. The prevalence of benign migratory glossitis in the psoriasis group was high (16.3%), and that was statistically significant. Family history in the psoriasis group was 38% for the condition itself and 2,75% for benign migratory glossitis and in the benign migratory glossitis group was 17.54% for the condition itself and 1.5% for psoriasis. The study of heritability was 38.8% for psoriasis and 36.6% for benign migratory glossitis, both with medium heritability. STUDY LIMITATIONS: This study was only in the state of São Paulo. CONCLUSION: This is the first publication that quantifies how much of these conditions have a genetic background and how important the environmental factors are in triggering them.

Geographic tongue and psoriasis: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic correlation - a literature review.

Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue.

Systemic and oral alterations in Brazilian patients with cutaneous herpes zoster.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a virotic disease caused by Herpesvirus varicellae. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that trigger the disease, and the systemic and oral alterations present in Brazilian patients with herpes zoster. A total of 30 patients with HZ and 100 control patients with other diseases were studied. Of the 30 patients with HZ, 13 were male (43.3%) and 17 were female (56.7%), with an average age of 43.2 (range 3-78). The patients were submitted to general clinical, dermatological and intraoral examinations. Only 50% of the HZ patients reported emotional stress at the onset of the disease. A total of 3.7% of the patients were positive for HIV and 11.1% for systemic malignant neoplasm. Cutaneous lesions were found on the thorax (68.3%), face (20%), lower limbs (10%) and upper limbs (6.7%). Specific oral involvement such as oral HZ was not found. The presence of the disease may indicate a non-diagnosed malignant neoplasm and/or association with AIDS.

Prevalence and heritability of psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis in one Brazilian population

Abstract: Background: An oral condition associated to psoriasis is benign migratory glossitis. The review of the literature does not show any publication about heritability in both soriasis and benign migratory glossitis and prevalence of psoriasis in the Brazilian population. Objective: This research was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of psoriasis and benign migratory glossitis in the Brazilian population from a Brazilian sample, as well as the heritability in these conditions. Methods: Six thousand patients were studied from the records of the outpatient dermatology department. The sample had 129 patients with cutaneous psoriasis, 399 with benign migratory glossitis without psoriasis and a control group with 5,472 patients. After data collection, the statistical analysis was made using Woolf, Chi-square and Falconer tests. Results: The prevalence of psoriasis was 2.15% and the benign migratory glossitis was 7.0%. The prevalence of benign migratory glossitis in the psoriasis group was high (16.3%), and that was statistically significant. Family history in the psoriasis group was 38% for the condition itself and 2,75% for benign migratory glossitis and in the benign migratory glossitis group was 17.54% for the condition itself and 1.5% for psoriasis. The study of heritability was 38.8% for psoriasis and 36.6% for benign migratory glossitis, both with medium heritability. Study limitations: This study was only in the state of São Paulo. Conclusion: This is the first publication that quantifies how much of these conditions have a genetic background and how important the environmental factors are in triggering them.

Avaliação do traço e estado de ansiedade em pacientes com Glossite Migratória Benigna / Evaluation of trait and state anxiety in patients with Benign Migratory Glossitis

Objetivo: avaliar estado e traço de ansiedade em pacientes com glossite migratória benigna (GMB). O estudo consistiu de 78 pacientes com GMB, apresentando ou não ocorrência simultânea de língua fissurada. Um grupo controle de 48 pacientes, sem lesões orais e/ou cutâneas, também foi incluído no estudo. Foi aplicado o Inventário de Traço-Estado de Ansiedade (STAI). Resultados: estado moderado e pontuações de ansiedade-traço foram observados nos grupos. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos escores de ansiedade entre os grupos GMB e controle. Conclusão: a ansiedade não parece desempenhar um papel significativo na GMB, apesar dos níveis moderados observados em pacientes com GMB. No entanto, o estado emocional pode ser um fator determinante para as diferentes formas de manifestações de GMB.

Objective: To assess state and trait anxiety in patients with benign migratory glossitis (GMB). The study consisted of 78 patients with GMB, presenting or not simultaneous occurrence of fissured tongue. A control group of 48 patients without oral lesions and / or skin, was also included in the study. Inventory -Trait State Anxiety (STAI) was applied. Results: moderate state and trait anxiety scores were observed in groups. There were no statistically significant differences in anxiety scores between the GMB and control groups. Conclusion: The anxiety seems to play a significant role in the GMB, despite moderate levels observed in patients with GMB. However, the emotional state can be a determining factor for the different forms of manifestations of GMB.

Geographic tongue and psoriasis: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic correlation - a literature review

Abstract: Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue.

Evaluation of knowledge and experience of dentists of São Paulo State, Brazil about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

This work describes the knowledge and experience of dentists about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A total of 182 dentists from São Paulo State, Brazil were interviewed: 59% judged themselves able to define CPR, although only 46% had a correct concept; 54% believed himself to be able to perform CPR, however, none of them referred to have received practical training in CPR; 3% of the interviewed professionals mentioned the occurrence of cadiopulmonary arrest in their dental office. It was concluded that dental surgeons in Brazil should be better trained for medical emergencies that can occur in the dental office.

Câncer de pele: o papel da exposição solar como fator causal e da fotoproteção na prevenção / Skin cancer: the sun exposure as a causal factor and photoprotection prevention

O câncer de pele se tornou, nas últimas décadas, um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, corespondendo a 25% do total dos tumores malignos registrados. Constata-se a necessidade de se estabalecer estratégias que visem minimizar os problemas relacionados às dificuldades na adoção de ações preventivas, bem como motivar as pessoas para a adesão às medidas de fotoproteção. Grande parte da população mundial se expõe ao sol de forma irracional, isto aliado à mudança de hábitos de vida, à diminuição da camada de ozônio e ao descuido quanto ao uso de fotoprotetores. Todos estes fatores têm contribuído significativamente para o aumento da incidência de câncer de pele e de outras alterações cutâneas relacionadas à exposição solar inadequada. O tipo de câncer de pele mais frequentemente encontrado na população brasileira é o não melanoma, representado pelos carcinomas basocelular e espinocelular. O melanoma de pelo corresponde a apenas 4% dos tumores cutâneos; entretanto, sua letalidade é alta. Quando a exposição passa a ser prolongada e irracional, o risco de alterações cutâneas relacionadas à exposição solar passa a ser maior, principalmente em pessoas de pele clara. Os filtros solares são comumente usados como proteção contra os danos solares. Eles reduzem a penetração de ondas ultravioleta solares na pele, pela reflexão ou por absorvê-las. A aplicação apropriada de filtro solar é fundamental como estratégia eficaz de saúde pública para prevenção do câncer de pele. Além do uso de fotoprotetores, medidas educativas de prevenção, como conscientização da proteção solar desde a infância, são necessárias pra se tentar diminuir a incidência dos cânceres de pele.

Skin cancer in recent decades has become a public health problem in Brazil, accounting for 25% of all malignant tumors recorded. There is a need to establish strategies for minimizing the problems hindering the adoption of preventive actions. as well as motivate people to adhere to measures for effective photoprotection. The solar exposure has been occurred in an irrational way by most of the people all over the world along with habit changes of everyday life, decreasing the ozone layer and careless to the use of photoprotectors as well. All these factors have contributed meaningfully for the increase of incidence of skin cancer and other cutaneous changes related to inadequate solar exposure. The type of skin cancer most often found in the Brazilian population is not melanoma, basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. The skin melanoma accounts for only 4% of skin tumors, but its mortality is high. When the exposure becomes prolonged and unreasonable risk of developing skin changes related to sun exposure becomes greater, expecially in people with white skin. Sunscreens are commonly used as protection against sun damage. They reduce the penetration of solar ultraviolet waves in the skin by reflecting or absorbing them. Proper application of sunscreen is essential to effective public health strategy for prevention of skin cancer. Besides the use of sunscreens, prevention and educational measures, awareness of sun protection from childhood are necessary to decrease the incidence of skin cancers.

Poroqueratose de Mibelli: uma condição que pode evoluir para neoplasia maligna / Porokeratosis of Mibelli: as a keratotic disorder at risk for malignant transformation

A poroqueratose de Mibelli é uma dermatose rara, autossômica dominante, evidenciada como um distúrbio queratósico com risco de transformação maligna. O paciente geralmente procura o médico em virtude das alterações cutâneas caracterizadas como um aspecto estético desfavorável.

Abordagem multiprofissional na visão integral do paciente com vitiligo / Multidisciplinary approach in the patient's integral vision with vitiligo

A psicodermatologia é uma área que estuda e integra o trabalho de médicos e psicólogos, objetivando um melhor entendimento das doenças cutâneas. O vitiligo, caracterizado por máculas acrômicas, é causado por destruição adquirida de melanócitos, sendo associado com fatores emocionais. Há três teorias para explicar a destruição dos melanócitos no vitiligo: a imunológica, a citotóxica e a neural. Independentemente da origem, existe a percepção nítida da sua relação com aspectos emocionais. O aparecimento e o alastramento da doença cursam com o aumento das frustrações e preocupações. Vários doentes relatam o aparecimento após traumas emocionais significativos. Quanto maior a área corporal afetada, maior o nível de estresse, depressão e tensão emocional. Provavalmente, alterações emocionais desequilibram o organismo, favorecendo alterações hormanais e imunológicas, podendo desencadear e piorar o vitiligo. A pessoa deve ser vista com um todo, constituída de outras dimensões, como a psíquica, social, econômica e cultural. Este trabalho objetiva demonstrar a visão de homem integral, considerando as influências biopsicossociais e aimportância do trabalho multiprofissional.

Tha Psychodermatology is an area that studies and integrate the doctor's work, psychologists, looking for a better understanding of skin diseases. The vitiligo, marked by achromatic maculates, is caused because there is an adquire destruction of melanocytes, so related with emotional components. There are three theories that explain the destruction of the melanocytes in vitiligo: an immunological response, one that is citolitic and the last one, neural. Causes apart, that is a clear perception about the relation with emotional aspects. The beginning and spreading of the disease courses with frustrations and concerns, both always increasing. A lot of sick people relates the beginning of the disease after some important emotional stress. The higher is the body area affected, higher is the leval of stress, depression and emotional tension. Probably, emotional changing unbalance the organism, favoring hormonal and immunological changes, and it may trigger de vitiligo. The person must be seen as a whole person, consists of other dimensions, such as psychological, social, economic and cultural. This work shows the integral vision of man, considering the influences biopsychosocial and the importance of multidisciplinary working.

Tricotilomania: revisão da literatura / Trichotillomania

Um número substancial de pacientes sofrre de tricotilomania, uma doença psiquiátrica com manifestações dermatológicas. Pessoas que sofrem de tricotilomania normalmente sabem de sua doença, mas não procuram ajuda devido à vergonha que sentem. Neste artigo, os autores discutem as características clinicas e propedêuticas da tricotilomania, com ênfase nos aspectos psiquiátricos dos pacientes.

A substancial number of patients are suffering about trichotilomania, a psychiatric disease that has dermatological manifestations. People who suffer about trichotillomania, generally know about their disease, but they don't look after help due to the shame that feel. In this article, the authors discuss the clinical characteristics and propedeutic of trichotillomania, with emphasis on the psychiatric aspects of the patients.

Análise quantitativa dos tecidos gengivais de ratos tratados com fenitoína e ciclosporina / Quantitative analysis of gingival tissues of rats treated with phenytoin and cyclosporine

Os aumentos gengivais podem ser decorrentes de reaçöes teciduais a estímulos idiopáticos, patológicos e farmacológicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente e estereologicamente a açäo da fenitoína (Fen) e ciclosporina (CsA) sobre os tecidos gengivais de ratos. Dez ratos receberam, por via intraperitonial, Fen na dose inicial de 2 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia, aumentando 2 mg a cada duas semanas, durante 60 dias. Em outros 10 ratos, administraram-se, por via subcutânea, 10 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia de CsA, durante o mesmo período do grupo anterior. Os valores morfométricos e estereométricos dos tecidos gengivais dos ratos tratados com CsA foram significativamente maiores quando comparado com os valores dos tecidos gengivais do grupo tratado com Fen. Esses resultados sugerem que a CsA na dose utilizada é mais eficaz no desenvolvimento do aumento gengival em ratos, podendo estar atuando na proliferaçäo de fibroblastos e no desequilíbrio fisiológico da síntese de fibras colágenas

Effect of isotretinoin on tooth germ and palate development in mouse embryos

A vitamina A e seus derivados, ácido retinóico, tretinoína e isotretinoína, são diariamente utilizados em tratamentos dermatológicos. A administração de altas doses desta vitamina provoca malformações congênitas em ratos: fendas palatinas, hipoplasia maxilar e mandibular e fusão parcial ou total de incisivos superiores. Este estudo comparou os germes dentais de primeiros molares superiores e inferiores de fetos de camundongos submetidos à isotretinoína durante a organogênese. Doze fêmeas Mus musculus com 60 dias de idade foram dividas em dois grupos no 7º dia de prenhez: grupo tratado - 1 mg de isotretinoína por kg de peso corporal dissolvida em óleo vegetal, foi administrada do 7º ao 13º dia de prenhez; grupo controle - óleo vegetal em volume equivalente foi administrado oralmente durante o mesmo período. No 16º dia de prenhez, as fêmeas foram sacrificadas, os fetos foram removidos e suas cabeças amputadas. Após o processamento laboratorial, cortes seriados de 6-µm de espessura foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina para análise no microscópio ótico. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os grupos tiveram os seus palatos fechados sem células epiteliais remanescentes; entretanto, os germes dos primeiros molares dos animais tratados com a isotretinoína mostraram desenvolvimento retardado comparado aos animais controles.

Intrauterine dentistry: an integrated model of prevention

A Odontologia intra-uterina é um tema de alta relevância no panorama atual. A adoção de medidas preventivas na fase intra-uterina pode prevenir várias doenças, dentre estas, a cárie dentária. A OMS preconiza que a partir do 4º mês, as gestantes devem evitar a ingestão de açúcar, para que o feto, futura criança, não desenvolva uma atração exagerada por estes alimentos, ficando mais suscetível a doença cariosa. Este trabalho se propôs investigar, através de entrevistas, junto a médicos ginecologistas obstetras (GO) e cirurgiões-dentistas clínicos gerais (CD), quais as informações que têm sobre este tema e como orientam suas pacientes, bem como investigar junto a mulheres gestantes, quais as orientações recebidas para prevenção de doenças bucais dos seus fetos. Setenta e um por cento dos CD e 80 por cento dos GO orientavam a gestante a diminuir a ingestão de açúcares. No entanto, apenas 13,6 por cento dos CD e nenhum dos GO orientavam esta redução entre a 12¬ e 18¬ semanas de gestação. 42,2 por cento das gestantes referiram esta orientação, mas nenhuma recebeu a orientação específica sobre o período entre a 12¬ e 18¬ semana. Um modelo ideal de atendimento à gestante deve compreender um atendimento integrado e multiprofissional, no qual atuem CD clínicos gerais e GO e tenha a participação do paciente.

Systemic and oral alterations in Brazilian patients with cutaneous herpes zoster

O herpes zoster (HZ) é uma doença virótica causada pelo Herpesvirus varicellae. Este estudo foi realizado para determinar fatores que desencadeiam a doença, bem como alterações sistêmicas e bucais em pacientes com HZ. A atmosfera foi composta por 30 pacientes com HZ e 100 pacientes com outras doenças (grupo controle - GC). Dos 30 pacientes com HZ, 13 eram do sexo masculino (43,3 por cento) e 17 do sexo feminino (56,7 por cento), com idades de 3 a 78 anos, média de 43,2. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame clínico geral, dermatológico e bucal. Somente 50 por cento dos pacientes com HZ referiram estresse emocional, durante o início da doença. Observou-se investigação positiva para HIV em 3,7 por cento e para neoplasias malignas em 11,1 por cento dos pacientes. As lesões no grupo HZ se localizavam no tórax (68,3 por cento), face (20 por cento), membros inferiores (10 por cento) e membros superiores (6,7 por cento). Comprometimento bucal específico pelo HZ não foi encontrado. A presença da doença pode indicar neoplasia maligna não diagnosticada e/ou SIDA.

Evaluation of knowledge and experience of dentists of São Paulo State, Brazil about cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Este trabalho descreve o conhecimento e experiência dos cirurgiões dentistas em reanimação cárdio-respiratória (RCR). Foram entrevistados 182 cirurgiões dentistas do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: 59 por cento julgava-se capaz de definir RCR, embora somente 46 por cento tivesse um conceito correto; 54 por cento acreditava ser capaz de realizar RCR, no entanto nenhum deles referiu ter recebido treinamento prático em RCR; 3 por cento dos entrevistados mencionou a ocorrência de parada cárdio-respiratória no consultório odontológico. Concluiu-se que os cirurgiões dentistas brasileiros deveriam ser melhor treinados em emergências médicas que podem ocorrer nos consultórios odontológicos.