Nanoelectrochemistry monitoring of intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced by nanoplastic exposure.

Airborne nanoplastics can enter alveolar cells and trigger intracellular oxidative stress primarily. Herein, taking advantage of the high electrochemical resolution of SiC@Pt nanoelectrodes, we achieved the quantitative discrimination of the major ROS/RNS within A549 cells, disclosed the sources of their precursors, and observed that the NO (RNS precursor) level significantly increased, whereas O2˙- (ROS precursor) remained relatively stable during the nanoplastics exposure. This establishes that iNOS or mitochondrion-targeted treatment may be a preventive or therapeutic strategy for nanoplastic-induced lung injury.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of transurethral laser versus open prostatectomy for patients with large-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia: A meta-analysis of comparative trials.

PURPOSE: The selection of open prostatectomy (OP) over transurethral laser surgery is controversial for large volume prostates. Thus, we aim to compare the efficacy and safety of transurethral laser versus OP, and provide the latest evidence of clinical practice for large-sized benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This meta-analysis used Review Manager V5.3 software and the systematic literature search of Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science datasets was performed for citations published from 2000 to 2020 that compared transurethral laser with OP for the treatment of large BPH. Variables of interest assessing the two techniques included clinical characteristics, and the perioperation-, effectiveness-, and complication-related outcomes. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included twelve studies containing 1,514 patients, with 792 laser and 722 OP. The transurethral laser group was associated with shorter hospital stay and catheterization duration, and less hemoglobin decreased in the perioperative variables. There was no significant difference in the international prostate symptom score, post-void residual urine volume, maximum flow rate, and quality of life score. Transurethral laser group had a significantly lower incidence of blood transfusion than OP group (odds ratio, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.19; p<0.001; I²=8%), and no statistical differences were found with respect to the other complications. CONCLUSIONS: Both OP and transurethral laser prostatectomy are effective and safe treatments for large prostate adenomas. With these advantages of less blood loss and transfusion, and shorter catheterization time and hospital stay, laser may be a better choice for large BPH.

MoS2 Membranes for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: Stability and Structural Control.

This paper reveals the chemical, structural, and separation stability of stacked molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) membranes and establishes a low-cost and facile approach to developing stable, selective membranes for efficient molecular separation in an organic solvent. MoS2 nanoflakes that were dominant  by monolayer MoS2 sheets as prepared via direct chemical exfoliation (chem-MoS2) were found to be chemically and structurally instable, with a sharp decrease in the level of solute rejection within a few days. Few-layer MoS2 nanoflakes were then fabricated using a hydrothermal method (hydro-MoS2). A "supportive" drying process involving glycerol pretreatment and drying in an oven was established to allow realignment of nanoflakes and adjustment of interflake spacing. We have shown that the hydro-MoS2 membranes provide a mean interflake free spacing of ∼1 nm, which is ideal for the separation of a model solute (Rose Bengal, size of ∼1.45 nm) from the solvent isopropanol (size of 0.58 nm) with good long-term stability over a 7 day test.