RESUMO
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are functionally linked to genomic instability in spermatocytes and to male infertility. The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to induce DNA damage in spermatocytes by unknown mechanisms. Here, we showed that Cd ions impaired the canonical non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway, but not the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, through stimulation of Ser2056 and Thr2609 phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at DSB sites. Hyper-phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs led to its premature dissociation from DNA ends and the Ku complex, preventing recruitment of processing enzymes and further ligation of DNA ends. Specifically, this cascade was initiated by the loss of PP5 phosphatase activity, which results from the dissociation of PP5 from its activating ions (Mn), that is antagonized by Cd ions through a competitive mechanism. In accordance, in a mouse model Cd-induced genomic instability and consequential male reproductive dysfunction were effectively reversed by a high dosage of Mn ions. Together, our findings corroborate a protein phosphorylation-mediated genomic instability pathway in spermatocytes that is triggered by exchange of heavy metal ions.
Assuntos
Cádmio , Instabilidade Genômica , Infertilidade Masculina , Espermatócitos , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Cádmio/toxicidade , DNA/metabolismo , Reparo do DNA por Junção de Extremidades , Reparo do DNA , Instabilidade Genômica/efeitos dos fármacos , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/metabolismo , Íons/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Reparo de DNA por Recombinação , Espermatócitos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). The NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, the therapeutic potential of recombinant human NRG1 (rhNRG1) has been limited due to the low expression of ERBB4 in adult cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated whether a fusion protein of rhNRG1 and an ERBB3 inhibitor (rhNRG1-HER3i) could enhance the affinity of NRG1 for ERBB4 and promote adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using postnatal day 1 (P1), P7, and adult cardiomyocytes. Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression and activity of ERBB4. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was evaluated using Ki67 and pH 3 immunostaining, while fibrosis was assessed using Masson staining. Our results indicate that rhNRG1-HER3i, but not rhNRG1, promoted P7 and adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, rhNRG1-HER3i improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis in post-MI hearts. Administration of rhNRG1-HER3i inhibited ERBB3 phosphorylation while increasing ERBB4 phosphorylation in adult mouse hearts. Additionally, rhNRG1-HER3i enhanced angiogenesis following MI compared to rhNRG1. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rhNRG1-HER3i is a viable therapeutic approach for promoting adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and treating MI by enhancing NRG1-ERBB4 signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias , Infarto do Miocárdio , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Transdução de Sinais , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Neuregulina-1/uso terapêutico , Cardiomiopatias/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-4/metabolismoRESUMO
Stimulation of adult cardiomyocyte proliferation is a promising strategy for treating myocardial infarction (MI). Earlier studies have shown increased CCL2 levels in plasma and cardiac tissue both in MI patients and mouse models. In present study we investigated the role of CCL2 in cardiac regeneration and the underlying mechanisms. MI was induced in adult mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery, we showed that the serum and cardiac CCL2 levels were significantly increased in MI mice. Intramyocardial injection of recombinant CCL2 (rCCL2, 1 µg) immediately after the surgery significantly promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, improved survival rate and cardiac function, and diminished scar sizes in post-MI mice. Alongside these beneficial effects, we observed an increased angiogenesis and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in post-MI mice. Conversely, treatment with a selective CCL2 synthesis inhibitor Bindarit (30 µM) suppressed both CCL2 expression and cardiomyocyte proliferation in P1 neonatal rat ventricle myocytes (NRVMs). We demonstrated in NRVMs that the CCL2 stimulated cardiomyocyte proliferation through STAT3 signaling: treatment with rCCL2 (100 ng/mL) significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of STAT3, whereas a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor Stattic (30 µM) suppressed rCCL2-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. In conclusion, this study suggests that CCL2 promotes cardiac regeneration via activation of STAT3 signaling, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing MI and associated heart failure.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Ratos , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Regeneração , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Apoptose , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the underlying mechanism by which the proliferation and migration abilities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) determine their therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. METHODS: The DBA/1J mice were utilized to establish a collagen-induced RA (CIA) mouse model and to validate the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSCs transfected with CD151 siRNA. RNA-seq, QT-PCR and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of the PI3K/AKT pathway, respectively. RESULTS: IFN-γ significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration abilities of hUC-MSCs, up-regulating the expression of CD151, a gene related to cell proliferation and migration. Effective inhibition of this effect was achieved through CD151 siRNA treatment. However, IFN-γ did not affect hUC-MSCs differentiation or changes in cell surface markers. Additionally, transplantation of CD151-interfered hUC-MSCs (siRNA-CD151-hUC-MSCs) resulted in decreased colonization in the toes of CIA mice and worse therapeutic effects compared to empty vector treatment (siRNA-NC-hUC-MSCs). CONCLUSION: IFN-γ facilitates the proliferation and migration of hUC-MSCs through the CD151/PI3K/AKT pathway. The therapeutic efficacy of siRNA-CD151-hUC-MSCs was found to be inferior to that of siRNA-NC-hUC-MSCs.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Artrite Reumatoide/terapia , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Camundongos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Cordão Umbilical/citologia , Artrite Experimental/terapia , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMO
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is highly prevalent, and lacks effective treatment. The aberration of WNT pathway underlies many pathological processes including cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, while porcupine is an acyltransferase essential for the secretion of WNT ligands. In this study we investigated the role of WNT signaling pathway in HFpEF as well as whether blocking WNT signaling by a novel porcupine inhibitor CGX1321 alleviated HFpEF. We established two experimental HFpEF mouse models, namely the UNX/DOCA model and high fat diet/L-NAME ("two-hit") model. The UNX/DOCA and "two-hit" mice were treated with CGX1321 (3 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 4 and 10 weeks, respectively. We showed that CGX1321 treatment significantly alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, thereby improving cardiac diastolic function and exercise performance in both models. Furthermore, both canonical and non-canonical WNT signaling pathways were activated, and most WNT proteins, especially WNT3a and WNT5a, were upregulated during the development of HEpEF in mice. CGX1321 treatment inhibited the secretion of WNT ligands and repressed both canonical and non-canonical WNT pathways, evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of c-Jun and the nuclear translocation of ß-catenin and NFATc3. In an in vitro HFpEF model, MCM and ISO-treated cardiomyocytes, knockdown of porcupine by siRNA leads to a similar inhibitory effect on WNT pathways, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibroblast activation as CGX1321 did, whereas supplementation of WNT3a and WNT5a reversed the anti-hypertrophy and anti-fibrosis effect of CGX1321. We conclude that WNT signaling activation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF, and porcupine inhibitor CGX1321 exerts a therapeutic effect on HFpEF in mice by attenuating cardiac hypertrophy, alleviating cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac diastolic function.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias , Acetato de Desoxicorticosterona , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Animais , Camundongos , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Cardiomiopatias/patologia , Acetato de Desoxicorticosterona/farmacologia , Acetato de Desoxicorticosterona/uso terapêutico , Fibrose , Insuficiência Cardíaca/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Via de Sinalização WntRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether GRK4 regulates the phosphorylation and function of renal CCKBR. METHODS: GRK4 A142V transgenic mice were used as an animal model of enhanced GRK4 activity, and siRNA was used to silence the GRK4 gene to investigate the regulatory effect of GRK4 on CCKBR phosphorylation and function. Finally, the co-localization and co-connection of GRK4 and CCKBR in RPT cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation to explore the mechanism of GRK4 regulating CCKBR. RESULTS: Gastrin infusion significantly increased urinary flow and sodium excretion rates in GRK4 WT mice (P < .05). GRK4 siRNA did not affect CCKBR protein expression in WKY RPT cells and SHR RPT cells, but remarkably reduced CCKBR phosphorylation in WKY and SHR RPT cells (P < .05). The inhibitory effect of gastrin on Na+-K+ -ATPase activity in WKY RPT cells was further enhanced by the reduction of GRK4 expression (P < .05), while GRK4 siRNA restored the inhibitory effect of gastrin on Na+-K+ -ATPase activity in SHR RPT cells. Laser confocal and Co-immunoprecipitation results showed that GRK4 and CCKBR co-localized in cultured RPT cells' cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: GRK4 participates in the development of hypertension by regulating the phosphorylation of renal CCKBR leading to impaired CCKBR function and water and sodium retention. Knockdown of GRK4 restored the function of CCKBR. The enhanced co-connection between GRK4 and CCKBR may be an important reason for the hyperphosphorylation of GRK4 and CCKBR involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Receptor de Colecistocinina B , Animais , Camundongos , Gastrinas/farmacologia , Hipertensão/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Sódio , Adenosina TrifosfatasesRESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging driver of cardiac arrhythmias. However, the relationship between NAFLD and malignant arrhythmia in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients is still unclear.In this study, 358 NSTEMI inpatients were enrolled. They all received 24-hour Holter monitoring after percutaneous coronary intervention. All inpatients were divided into two groups: the non-NAFLD group (236 cases, 65.9%) and the NAFLD group (122 cases, 34.1%). Compared with the non-NAFLD group, the NAFLD group had a significantly higher incidence of PVCs/hour > 5 (premature ventricular complexes, 32.0% versus 9.3%, P < 0.001), ventricular tachycardia (VT, 22.1% versus 5.9%, P < 0.001), and sinus arrest (SA, 7.4% versus 1.3%, P = 0.002). We found that NAFLD was closely associated with the occurrence of VT [unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.507, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.263-8.974, P < 0.001] and SA (OR 6.186, 95%CI 1.643-23.291, P = 0.007). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and other confounding factors, the above differences were still statistically significant (VT: OR 4.808, 95%CI 2.254-10.253, P < 0.001; SA: OR 9.589, 95%CI 2.027-45.367, P = 0.004).NAFLD is associated with the occurrence of VT and SA in NSTEMI patients. It indicates that NAFLD might be a risk factor for malignant arrhythmias in post-NSTEMI patients.
Assuntos
Parada Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Taquicardia Ventricular , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros , Parada Cardíaca/complicações , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/complicações , Taquicardia Ventricular/complicações , Taquicardia Ventricular/etiologia , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/etiologiaRESUMO
The proliferation and differentiation of myoblast cells are regulated by the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway. Although the regulation of FGFR signaling cascades has been widely investigated, the inhibitory mechanism that particularly function in skeletal muscle myogenesis remains obscure. In this study, we determined that LRTM1, an inhibitory regulator of the FGFR signaling pathway, negatively modulates the activation of ERK and promotes the differentiation of myoblast cells. LRTM1 is dynamically expressed during myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. In mouse myoblast C2C12 cells, knockout (KO) of Lrtm1 significantly prevents the differentiation of myoblast cells; this effect is associated with the reduction of MyoD transcriptional activity and the overactivation of ERK kinase. Notably, further studies demonstrated that LRTM1 associates with p52Shc and inhibits the recruitment of p52Shc to FGFR1. Taken together, our findings identify a novel negative regulator of FGFR1, which plays an important role in regulating the differentiation of myoblast cells.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Desenvolvimento Muscular/genética , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Animais , Cardiotoxinas/toxicidade , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/deficiência , Camundongos , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Mioblastos/citologia , Mioblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miogenina/genética , Miogenina/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/deficiência , Receptor Tipo 1 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de Transformação que Contém Domínio 2 de Homologia de Src/genética , Proteína 1 de Transformação que Contém Domínio 2 de Homologia de Src/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a well characterized transcriptional regulator functioning on the chromatin to remove mono- and di-methyl groups from lysine 4 or lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K4 or H3K9). LSD1 also has non-transcriptional activities via targeting non-histone substrates that participate in diverse biological processes. In this report, we determined that LSD1 negatively regulates autophagy in skeletal muscle cells by promoting PTEN degradation in a transcription-independent mechanism. In C2C12 cells, LSD1 inhibition or depletion significantly induced the initiation of autophagy; and autophagy resulted from LSD1 inhibition is associated with AKT/mTORC1 inactivation. Notably, the proteins of PTEN, a prominent repressive AKT modulator, are stabilized by LSD1 inhibition despite a decrease of its mRNA levels. Further data demonstrated that LSD1 interacts with PTEN protein and enhances its ubiquitination and degradation. Together, our findings identify a novel biological function of LSD1 in autophagy, mediated by regulating the stability of PTEN and the activity of AKT/mTORC1.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Histona Desmetilases/metabolismo , Mioblastos/citologia , Mioblastos/metabolismo , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Proteólise , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Ativação Enzimática , Estabilidade Enzimática , Histona Desmetilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Alvo Mecanístico do Complexo 1 de Rapamicina/metabolismo , Camundongos , Mioblastos/ultraestrutura , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
Cardiac hypertrophy is accompanied by increased myocardial oxidative stress, and whether naringenin, a natural antioxidant, is effective in the therapy of cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. In the present study, different dosage regimens (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/d for three weeks) of naringenin (NAR) were orally gavaged in an isoprenaline (ISO) (7.5mg/kg)-induced cardiac hypertrophic C57BL/6J mouse model. The administration of ISO led to significant cardiac hypertrophy, which was alleviated by pretreatment with naringenin in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Naringenin inhibited ISO-induced oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increased SOD activity, decreased MDA level and NOX2 expression, and inhibited MAPK signaling. Meanwhile, after the pretreatment with compound C (a selective AMPK inhibitor), the anti-hypertrophic and anti-oxidative stress effects of naringenin were blocked, suggesting the protective effect of naringenin on cardiac hypertrophy. Our present study indicated that naringenin attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the AMPK/NOX2/MAPK signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Cardiomegalia , Camundongos , Animais , Isoproterenol/toxicidade , Isoproterenol/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Cardiomegalia/induzido quimicamente , Cardiomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomegalia/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo , Transdução de Sinais , Miócitos CardíacosRESUMO
Centromere localization of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) is paramount for achieving accurate sister chromosome segregation in mitosis. Although it has been widely recognized that the recruitment of CPC is directly regulated by two histone codes, phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 3 (H3T3ph) and phosphorylation of histone H2A at threonine 120 (H2AT120ph), the regulation of CPC localization by other histone codes remains elusive. We show that dysfunction of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1 like (DOT1L) leads to mislocation of the CPC in prometaphase, caused by disturbing the level of H3T3ph and its reader Survivin. This cascade is initiated by over-dephosphorylation of H3T3ph mediated by the phosphatase RepoMan-PP1, whose scaffold RepoMan translocalizes to chromosomes, while the level of H3K79me2/3 is diminished. Together, our findings uncover a biological function of DOT1L and H3K79 methylation in mitosis and give insight into how genomic stability is coordinated by different histone codes.