Prophylactic effects of Periplaneta americana L. extract on anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats exposed to chronic stress.

The effect of P. americana L. on anxiety and depression-behavior after chronic stress (CS) is still unknown. Here, CS were induced by a combined stimulation of chronic restraint stress, excess failure and improper diet in SD rats. At 15 days after CS, except for normal group and model group, all the groups were continuously administrated P. americana L. (i.g., 400, 200, 100 mg/kg) treatment for 14 days. Anxiety and depression-behavior was determined by sucrose preference test, forced swimming and open field. The contents of cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing hormone (CRH), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-17 and interferon (IFN) -γ were detected by ELISA. 16S rRNA analysis was performed to examine the composition of gut microbiota. Our results indicated that P. americana L. improved the anxiety and depression-behavior. P. americana L. reduced the release of IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-γ and increased the release of IL-4. Comparably, remarkably decreased CRH, ACTH and CORT were observed by the treatment of P. americana L. 16S rRNA analysis suggested that Bifidobacterium and sulfate-reducing bacteria may be responsible for improving CS in P. americana L. -treated rats. Collectively, P. americana L. could relieve CS are associated with regulation of intestinal flora.

Risk factors for late recurrence in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in nonvalvular AF patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data from 426 of 450 AF patients who underwent CA. Patients were divided into two groups according to recurrence after the operation; the risk factors for AF recurrence were analyzed. A stratification system for lesions was created based on the cutoff of the risk factors; the associations among the subgroups and the AF recurrence rate were analyzed. RESULTS: AF recurrence occurred in 98 (23.0%) patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated that AF type, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum albumin, and D-dimer concentrations were associated with AF recurrence. AF type (OR =2.907, p < .001), serum albumin concentration (OR =1.112, p < .05), and LAD (OR =1.115, p < .001) were independent risk factors for AF recurrence. The area under the ROC curve of LAD for the prediction of AF recurrence was 0.722 (95% CI: 0.664~0.779) and that of serum albumin for the prediction of AF recurrence was 0.608 (95% CI: 0.545~0.672). Further stratification revealed that patients with persistent or paroxysmal AF with LAD ≥43.5 mm and serum albumin concentration ≥42.2 g/L had a higher rate of AF recurrence than the reference group. CONCLUSION: Atrial fibrillation type, LAD, and serum albumin concentration are risk factors for AF recurrence after CA in patients with nonvalvular AF. Patients with persistent AF with LAD ≥43.5 mm and serum albumin concentration ≥42.2 g/L have a higher risk of late AF recurrence after surgery.

LPS induced PCT production via TLR-4/NF-кB passway:it is the difference of G-/G+ bacteremia rats.

Sepsis by Gram-negative bacteria infection leads to further increase in procalcitonin (PCT). Herein, we examined the expression of PCT after 24 h in rats by injecting Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Healthy male SD rats were divided into six groups (n = 8): (1) Control group: no treatment; (2) SA group: injected with 106CFU/ml SA suspension 0.1 ml in the tail vein; (3) SA and antibiotics group: injected with 106/ml SA bacterial suspension 0.1 ml and 4 mg/kg Cefotaxime sodium, q8h in the tail vein; (4) E. coli group: injected with 106CFU/ml E. coli suspension 0.1 ml in the tail vein; (5) E. coli and antibiotics group: injected with 106/ml E. coli bacterial suspension 0.1 ml and 4 mg/kg Cefotaxime sodium, q8h in the tail vein; and (6) Endotoxin group: injected with 5 mg/kg endotoxin in the tail vein. Expression of PCT was significantly increased in the E. coli, SA or endotoxin-induced bacteremia rats than in the control rats. Compared with SA, PCT was more significantly increased in E. coli rats. NF-κB changes were in line with PCT. Next, we investigated whether the expression of PCT decreased when TLR4 or NF-κB were inhibited after injecting E. coli in rats. A total of 40 healthy male SD rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): (1) Control group: no treatment; (2) E. coli group: injected with 106CFU/ml E. coli suspension 0.1 ml in the tail vein. (3) E. coli and PBS group: injected with 106CFU/ml E. coli suspension 0.1 ml and PBS 0.1 ml in the tail vein. (4) E. coli and TAK242: injected with 106CFU/ml E. coli suspension 0.1 ml and 3 mg/kg TAK242 in the tail vein. (5) E. coli and BAY-11-7082: injected with 106/ml E. coli suspension 0.1 ml and 25 mg/kg BAY-11-7082 in the tail vein. A marked increase of TLR4, NF-κB, LPS and PCT expression was observed in the lungs after E. coli induced bacteremia. Expressions of TLR4, NF-κB, and PCT proteins were decreased in the lungs at 24 h after injection of TAK-242 or BAY-11-7082. In summary, this study suggested that LPS is the key factor for differential expression of PCT between E. coli and SA bacteremia. E. coli induces PCT elevation via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

A preliminary survey of Zika virus infection by nucleic acid test in the volunteer blood donor samples in Shenzhen China.

Although Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is mainly transmitted through mosquito bite, it can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. More than 500 000 cases of ZIKV infection were reported in the Americas from 2015 to 2016. Up till now, over 10 cases of imported ZIKV infection have been reported due to frequent international exchanges in the Shenzhen city of Guangdong Province, China. Unfortunately, there were no data on ZIKV infection in Chinese blood donors because it has not been included in routine screening for volunteer blood donors. As such, we performed a preliminary survey of the prevalence of ZIKV infection among volunteer blood donors in Shenzhen, China, to assess the potential risk of ZIKV infection through transfusion. A total of 9626 blood donor samples were collected and ZIKA RNA was detected by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) nucleic acid amplification method with the Panther nucleic acid automatic analysis system of Grifols, Spain, including Procleix ZIKV Assay reagent. All the experiments in this study were conducted in accordance with the standard operating procedure of the blood center. Of the 9626 donor blood samples tested, none of these samples was Zika RNA reactive. There was no positive case from ZIKV RNA screening in this preliminary survey. There was no ZIKV presence in blood donors in Shenzhen, China, from this preliminary survey. The potential risk of ZIKV infection by transfusion is low in Shenzhen at this moment. Therefore, there is no need to add ZIKV nucleic acid test as a routine screening for blood donors.

Evaluation of neovascularization patterns in an orthotopic rat glioma model with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Background Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been proved useful in evaluating glioma angiogenesis, but the utility in evaluating neovascularization patterns has not been reported. Purpose To evaluate in vivo real-time glioma neovascularization patterns by measuring glioma perfusion quantitatively using DCE-MRI. Material and Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish C6 orthotopic glioma model and underwent MRI and pathology detections. As MRI and pathology were performed at six time points (i.e. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 days) post transplantation, neovascularization patterns were evaluated via DCE-MRI. Results Four neovascularization patterns were observed in glioma tissues. Sprout angiogenesis and intussusceptive microvascular growth located inside tumor, while vascular co-option and vascular mimicry were found in the tumor margin and necrotic area, respectively. Sprout angiogenesis and intussusceptive microvascular growth increased with Ktrans, Kep, and Vp inside tumor tissue. In addition, Kep and Vp were positively correlated with sprout angiogenesis and intussusceptive microvascular growth. Vascular co-option was decreased at 12 and 16 days post transplantation and correlated negatively with Ktrans and Kep detected in the glioma margin, respectively. Changes of vascular mimicry showed no significant statistical difference at the six time points. Conclusion Our results indicate that DCE-MRI can evaluate neovascularization patterns in a glioma model. Furthermore, DCE-MRI could be an imaging biomarker for guidance of antiangiogenic treatments in humans in the future.

Optically compatible infrared camouflage performance of ITO ink.

With the rapid development of military reconnaissance technology, reconnaissance devices have been equipped with wideband reconnaissance ability, which imposes increased requirements on camouflage. Developing multiband camouflage materials with good compatibility has become increasingly important. Indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive oxide with good comprehensive photoelectric properties, exhibits different absorption, reflectivity, and transmission characteristics in different bands of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, ITO might be able to solve broadband and multiband camouflage problems effectively. In this paper, ITO is expressed as In32-xSnxO48. The energy band structure, optical properties, and infrared absorption spectra at different doping ratios of Sn (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) were obtained on the basis of first principle theory, and the camouflage mechanism of ITO in different electromagnetic wavebands was explored. Results demonstrated that when x = 3, specifically, when the doping ratio of Sn atoms was 9.375%, ITO had high transmission in the visible light band and infrared band reflectivity and can realize optically compatible infrared camouflage. In accordance with calculation results, ITO nanodispersion liquid (x = 3) was mixed with green camouflage coating added with some additives to prepare green ITO camouflage ink for silkscreen printing. The ink formed a camouflage protective ink coating after it was coated onto the surface of fabric through silkscreen printing. Results showed that the emissivity of the ITO ink coating decreased by more than 0.13 when its solid content reached 20%, and its camouflage performance in the visible light band was barely affected. The results of this research can guide the application of ITO materials in the field of camouflage.

Diagnostic utility of HFLC% and IG% for acute Pancreatitis-A retrospective Case-Control study.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence, development and outcome value of hyperfluorescent lymphocyte percentage (HFLC%) and immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) for acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods: The laboratory data collected from 1533 patients diagnosed with AP between August 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and non-mild acute pancreatitis (Non-MAP) groups; non-MAP groups were additionally subgrouped based on HFLC% at day 7. White blood cells (WBC), HFLC%, and IG% were examined from day 1 (baseline) to day 14 post-admission using Sysmex XN Series Hematology Analyzers. C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amylase (AMY), and lipase (LPS) were detected by Beckman AU5800. Results: A total of 623 patients were finally included in the study [MAP group (n = 358) and Non-MAP group (n = 265)]. WBC, IG%, and CRP were higher in the Non-MAP group from day 1 to day 12 (all P<0.05). The HFLC% was not statistically significant from day 1 to day 6; yet, it increased on day 6 and 7 in the Non-MAP group. We divided patients in the Non-MAP group with complete data(101 patients) into HFLC% ≥ 2.9 %(31 patients) and HFLC% < 2.9 %(70 patients) according to the threshold of 7th day HFLC%. WBC, HFLC%, IG%, and CRP effectively predicted the progression of MAP to Non-MAP (all P < 0.001). HFLC% was the most obvious value, followed by CRP and IG%. Combined with HFLC%, IG%,CRP and WBC in day7, the ROC analysis showed that the area under ROC curve of the combined indicators was the largest (AUC = 0.912, P < 0.001) and had higher sensitivity and specificity than single-item assessment of AP outcomes(P < 0.05). HFLC% < 2.9 %, IG% > 1.7 %, CRP >28.66 mg/L, and WBC >9.24 × 109/L indicated the possibility of AP disease aggravation. Also, HFLC% <2.9 % was directly associated with infection, SIRS, APPACHII grade, and ICU admission (all P < 0.05). In non-MAP there was a significant negative correlation between HFLC% and APACHE-II score (rs = -0.312, P = 0.023). Conclusion: HFLC% <2.9 % on 7th day was directly indicated more infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), higher APPACH II grade and ICU admission. HFLC% may be an independent laboratory marker for prognosis in AP. Combining HFLC% with IG%, CRP, and WBC helps evaluate AP patients' disease development and outcome.

Effect of Da-Cheng-Qi-Tang on gastrointestinal motility in patients undergoing laparotomy.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Da-Cheng-Qi-Tang (DCQT) on the gastrointestinal motility after abdominal surgery in humans. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-three patients with abdominal surgery and 36 patients with cholecystectomy were divided into DCQT and control groups at random. Electrogastrography (EGG) and antroduodenojejunal manometry were performed and the level of plasma ghrelin were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: On the operative day, the ratio of EGG normal slow waves in DCQT group was higher than in control group (p<0.05). The power of EGG in DCQT group was higher than in control group on the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day (p<0.05). The percentage of normal bowel peristalsis was significantly higher in the DCQT group than in control group (p<0.01). On the 1st and 2nd postoperative day, the power of Phase III of migrating motor complex (MMC) in the proximal jejunum in DCQT group was significantly higher than in control group (p<0.05). On the 3rd and 5th postoperative day, the plasma ghrelin level in the DCQT group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DCQT could improve gastric dysrythmia, enhance gastrointestinal motility and adjust the synchronized recovery of the alimentary tract and increase plasma ghrelin after abdominal surgery.

Impact of Brain Functional Network Properties on Intelligence in Children and Adolescents with Focal Epilepsy: A Resting-state MRI Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy is a common pediatric disease that often leads to cognitive and intellectual impairments. Here, we explore the reorganized functional networks in children and adolescents with focal epilepsy (CAFE) and analyze the relationship between network reorganization and intellectual deficits to reveal the underlying link between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four CAFE (6-16 years old; right-handed) and 42 well-matched healthy controls were recruited. Subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and functional networks were analyzed by graph analysis. Intelligence testing (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese revision) included measures for verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ, and full-scale IQ. RESULTS: (1) In the CAFE compared with the healthy controls, (a) the local efficiency, clustering coefficient and standardized clustering coefficient were significantly decreased (p < 0.05); (b) the degree centrality and nodal efficiency of the left precentral gyrus (LPG) were significantly increased (p < 0.05, Bonferroni correction), and the nodal shortest path length was significantly decreased (p < 0.05, Bonferroni correction); and (c) functional connectivity of the LPG with the bilateral inferior frontal ventral gyrus, right lateral superior occipital gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, bilateral superior parietal lobule, right anterior prefrontal cortex, and bilateral cerebellum was enhanced (p < 0.05,GRF correction), while functional connectivity with the bilateral superior temporal gyrus was decreased (p < 0.05, GRF correction). (2) The nodal shortest path length of the LPG in CAFE was associated with full-scale IQ, performance IQ, and VIQ, and local efficiency was associated with VIQ. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the middle LPG in CAFE undergoes network reorganization that positively influences intelligence. Differences in local efficiency of functional networks in children and early adolescents have a significant effect on intelligence.

Education, Implementation, and Teams: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations.

For this 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, the Education, Implementation, and Teams Task Force applied the population, intervention, comparator, outcome, study design, time frame format and performed 15 systematic reviews, applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidance. Furthermore, 4 scoping reviews and 7 evidence updates assessed any new evidence to determine if a change in any existing treatment recommendation was required. The topics covered included training for the treatment of opioid overdose; basic life support, including automated external defibrillator training; measuring implementation and performance in communities, and cardiac arrest centers; advanced life support training, including team and leadership training and rapid response teams; measuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance, feedback devices, and debriefing; and the use of social media to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation application.

Omega-3 Fatty acids as Monotherapy in Treating Depression in Pregnant Women: a Meta- Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on pregnant women with major depressive disorder (MDD). This meta-analysis was conducted to systematically evaluate the clinical applicability of omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression in pregnant women. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared omega-3 fatty acids to placebo for short-course treatment of depression in pregnant women were systematically reviewed between March 1999 and April 2015. The search terms used were 'depression', 'omega-3 fatty acids', 'fish oil', 'eicosapentaenoic acid' and 'docosahexaenoic acid'. Standardized difference in means of depression scale was used as the main outcome. Random effect model was used. The effects of baseline depression scores were studying by meta-regression analysis. patients received omega-3 fatty acids. The pooled standardized difference in means was 0.75 with 95% CI= (0.47, 1.04). The baseline depression scores had no effect on the efficacy. None of the recruited patients was withdrawn.

Genetic characteristic of high molecular weight glutenin subunits in somatic hybrid wheat lines -- potential application to wheat breeding.

Analysis of 17 derivatives from a somatic fusion between common wheat (Triticum aestivum) and tall wheat grass (Thinopyrum ponticum) showed a diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) compositions. On the basis of the inheritance of HMW-GS patterns, the derivatives were either (i) bred true over four successive generations, (ii) generated a few novel HMW-GS combinations at each generation, or (iii) showed highly unstable HMW-GS compositions. HMW-GS analysis of F(5) seed and each single seed-generated F(6) progenies further revealed that most of the HMW-GS had genetic stability. The variations of HMW-GS were inferred to occur in early generations and were maintained thereafter. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) in hybrid lines with high or low bread-making quality, classified into the first pattern, were compared. The result showed that hybrid lines with the uniform HMW-GS patterns also have identical LMW-GS patterns. The Glu-1 quality score was inferred to be relatively significant to the sodium dodecyl dulfate sedimentation value, as well as to correlate with the gluten exponent and contents of dry gluten and proteins. Sexual hybridization between high-quality somatic hybrid progeny II-12 and Chinese Spring (CS) showed that these high-quality HMW-GS genes could entail progenies. There was not subunit variation in the progenies of II-12 x CS. Therefore, sexual hybridization between somatic hybrid line and cultivars can transfer novel high-quality HMW-GS of somatic hybrids and benefit wheat breeding.

Structure Identification of Uncertain Complex Networks Based on Anticipatory Projective Synchronization.

This paper investigates a method to identify uncertain system parameters and unknown topological structure in general complex networks with or without time delay. A complex network, which has uncertain topology and unknown parameters, is designed as a drive network, and a known response complex network with an input controller is designed to identify the drive network. Under the proposed input controller, the drive network and the response network can achieve anticipatory projective synchronization when the system is steady. Lyapunov theorem and Barbǎlat's lemma guarantee the stability of synchronization manifold between two networks. When the synchronization is achieved, the system parameters and topology in response network can be changed to equal with the parameters and topology in drive network. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

[Study on Jisi Yi'an (Medical Cases of Multitude Thought) of Yi Jusun, a famous doctor of Lingnan region].

Textual research was made on Jisi Yián (Medical Cases of Multitude Thought), a book of medical cases written by Yi Jusun, whose nickname is Chubai, one of the "Four Warriors of Buddha", modern four heads school in favor of classical prescriptions in Lingnan region. The now extant hand- written copy of this medical book is collected in the Shu Renzhi's Juxiang Hall in the early period of Republic of China. Analyses are made on the medical records of treating difficult and critical illness applied by Yi Jusun. The Shengma Biejia San (skunk bugbane and Carapax Amydae Powder) proposed by him played a vital role in preventing and curing plague in modern Guangdong Province.