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1.
Eur Heart J ; 45(6): 475-484, 2024 Feb 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200679

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A rising number of countries allow physicians to treat chronic pain with medical cannabis. However, recreational cannabis use has been linked with cardiovascular side effects, necessitating investigations concerning the safety of prescribed medical cannabis. METHODS: Using nationwide Danish registers, patients with chronic pain initiating first-time treatment with medical cannabis during 2018-21 were identified and matched 1:5 to corresponding control patients on age, sex, chronic pain diagnosis, and concomitant use of other pain medication. The absolute risks of first-time arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation/flutter, conduction disorders, paroxysmal tachycardias, and ventricular arrhythmias) and acute coronary syndrome were reported comparing medical cannabis use with no use. RESULTS: Among 1.88 million patients with chronic pain (46% musculoskeletal, 11% cancer, 13% neurological, and 30% unspecified pain), 5391 patients claimed a prescription of medical cannabis [63.2% women, median age: 59 (inter-quartile range 48-70) years] and were compared with 26 941 control patients of equal sex- and age composition. Arrhythmia was observed in 42 and 107 individuals, respectively, within 180 days. Medical cannabis use was associated with an elevated risk of new-onset arrhythmia {180-day absolute risk: 0.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6%-1.1%]} compared with no use [180-day absolute risk: 0.4% (95% CI 0.3%-0.5%)]: a risk ratio of 2.07 (95% CI 1.34-2.80) and a 1-year risk ratio of 1.36 (95% CI 1.00-1.73). No significant association was found for acute coronary syndrome [180-day risk ratio: 1.20 (95% CI 0.35-2.04)]. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic pain, the use of prescribed medical cannabis was associated with an elevated risk of new-onset arrhythmia compared with no use-most pronounced in the 180 days following the initiation of treatment.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Fibrilação Atrial , Cannabis , Dor Crônica , Maconha Medicinal , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Cannabis/efeitos adversos , Maconha Medicinal/efeitos adversos , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Dinamarca/epidemiologia
2.
Am Heart J ; 268: 53-60, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37972676

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis may cause heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or syncope; limited data exist on the occurrence of such events before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and their impact on subsequent outcomes. Thus, we investigated the association between a preceding event and outcomes after TAVR. METHODS: From 2014 to 2021 all Danish patients who underwent TAVR were included. Preceding events up to 180 days before TAVR were identified. A preceding event was defined as a hospitalization for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or syncope. The 1-year risk of all-cause death, and cardiovascular or all-cause hospitalization was compared for patients with versus without a preceding event using Kaplan-Meier, Aalen-Johansen, and in Cox regression analyses adjusted for patient characteristics. RESULTS: Of 5,851 patients included, 759 (13.0%) had a preceding event. The median age was 81 years in both groups. Male sex and frailty were more prevalent in patients with a preceding event (males: 64.7% vs 55.2%, frailty: 49.6% vs 40.6%). The most common type of preceding event was a hospitalization for heart failure (n = 524). For patients with a preceding event, the 1-year risk of death was 11.7% (95% CI: 9.4%-14.1%) versus 8.0% (95% CI: 7.2%-8.7%) for patients without. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.29 (95%CI: 1.01-1.64). Mortality was highest for patients with a preceding event of a heart failure admission (1-year risk: 13.5% [95%CI: 10.5%-16.5%]). Comparing patients with a preceding event to those without, the 1-year risk for cardiovascular rehospitalization was 15.0% versus 8.2% (aHR 1.60 [95%CI: 1.29-1.99]) and 57.6% versus 50.6% for all-cause rehospitalization (aHR 1.08 [95%CI: 0.87-1.20]). CONCLUSIONS: A hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, or syncope prior to TAVR was associated with a poorer prognosis and could represent a group to focus resource management on. Interventions to prevent preceding events and improvements in pre- and post-TAVR optimization of these patients are warranted.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Fragilidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Hospitalização , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , Síncope/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia
3.
Am Heart J ; 256: 13-24, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36370886

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To investigated the prognosis of the most prevalent cancers (breast-, gastrointestinal-, and lung cancer), according to cancer status (i.e., active-, non-active-, history of-, and no cancer), following first-time of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Danish nationwide registers were used to identify patients with first-time ACS from 2000-2018. Patients were stratified according to cancer type and status. Hazard ratios (HR) estimated by adjusted Cox regression models for 1year all-cause mortality reported. Further absolute risks of 1year cardiovascular versus non-cardiovascular death and 30-day cumulative incidence of coronary angiograms (CAG) was estimated, using the Aalen-Johansen non-parametric method, with competing risk of death. RESULTS: We identified 150,478 (95.7%) with no cancer, 2,370 (1.5%) with history of cancer, 2,712 (1.7%) with non-active cancer and 1,704 (1.1%) with active cancer. Cancer patients were older with more comorbidities than patients with no cancer. When compared with no cancer, we found HRs (95% confidence intervals) of 1.71 (1.44-2.02), 2.47 (2.23-2.73) and 4.22 (3.87-4.60) correspondingly for active breast-, gastrointestinal-, and lung cancer. Increased HRs were also found for non-active cancers, but not for history of cancer. Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death in all patients. Among patients with active breast-, gastrointestinal-, and lung cancer 43%, 43%, and 31% underwent CAG, correspondingly, compared with 77% of patients without cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Active- and non-active cancers were associated with an increased 1-year all-cause mortality compared with patients with history of cancer and no cancer. Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death; notably CAG was less frequently performed in cancer patients.


Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Comorbidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
4.
Ann Intern Med ; 175(6): 774-782, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35436155

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Concomitant use of oral organic nitrates (nitrates) and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors is contraindicated. OBJECTIVE: To measure temporal trends in the coprescription of nitrates and PDE5 inhibitors and to measure the association between cardiovascular outcomes and the coprescription of nitrates with PDE5 inhibitors. DESIGN: Case-crossover design. SETTING: Nationwide study of Danish patients from 2000 to 2018. PATIENTS: Male patients with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes for ischemic heart disease (IHD), including those who had a continuing prescription for nitrates and a new, filled prescription for PDE5 inhibitors. MEASUREMENTS: Two composite outcomes were measured: 1) cardiac arrest, shock, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or acute coronary arteriography and 2) syncope, angina pectoris, or drug-related adverse event. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2018, 249 541 male patients with IHD were identified. Of these, 42 073 patients had continuing prescriptions for nitrates. During this period, the prescription rate for PDE5 inhibitors in patients with IHD who were taking nitrates increased from an average of 0.9 prescriptions (95% CI, 0.5 to 1.2 prescriptions) per 100 persons per year in 2000 to 19.5 prescriptions (CI, 18.0 to 21.1 prescriptions) in 2018. No statistically significant association was found between the coprescription of nitrates with PDE5 inhibitors and the risk for either composite outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.58 [CI, 0.28 to 1.13] for the first outcome and OR, 0.73 [CI, 0.40 to 1.32] for the second outcome). LIMITATION: An assumption was made that concurrently filled prescriptions for nitrates and PDE5 inhibitors equaled concomitant use. CONCLUSION: From 2000 to 2018, the use of PDE5 inhibitors increased 20-fold among Danish patients with IHD who were taking nitrates. A statistically significant association between concomitant use of these medications and cardiovascular adverse events could not be identified. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Ib Mogens Kristiansens Almene Fond and Helsefonden.


Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil , Isquemia Miocárdica , Estudos Cross-Over , Disfunção Erétil/induzido quimicamente , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Isquemia Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Nitratos/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/efeitos adversos
5.
Lifetime Data Anal ; 29(2): 441-482, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35799026

RESUMO

Simple logistic regression can be adapted to deal with right-censoring by inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW). We here compare two such IPCW approaches, one based on weighting the outcome, the other based on weighting the estimating equations. We study the large sample properties of the two approaches and show that which of the two weighting methods is the most efficient depends on the censoring distribution. We show by theoretical computations that the methods can be surprisingly different in realistic settings. We further show how to use the two weighting approaches for logistic regression to estimate causal treatment effects, for both observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCT). Several estimators for observational studies are compared and we present an application to registry data. We also revisit interesting robustness properties of logistic regression in the context of RCTs, with a particular focus on the IPCW weighting. We find that these robustness properties still hold when the censoring weights are correctly specified, but not necessarily otherwise.


Assuntos
Modelos Estatísticos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Probabilidade , Causalidade , Simulação por Computador
6.
Eur Heart J ; 42(9): 907-914, 2021 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33428707

RESUMO

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the long-term cardio-protective effect associated with beta-blocker (BB) treatment in stable, optimally treated myocardial infarction (MI) patients without heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Using nationwide registries, we included patients with first-time MI undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during admission and treated with both acetyl-salicylic acid and statins post-discharge between 2003 and 2018. Patients with prior history of MI, prior BB use, or any alternative indication or contraindication for BB treatment were excluded. Follow-up began 3 months following discharge in patients alive, free of cardiovascular (CV) events or procedures. Primary outcomes were CV death, recurrent MI, and a composite outcome of CV events. We used adjusted logistic regression and reported standardized absolute risks and differences (ARD) 3 years after MI. Overall, 30 177 stable, optimally treated MI patients were included (58% acute PCI, 26% sub-acute PCI, 16% CAG without intervention). At baseline, 82% of patients were on BB treatment (median age 61 years, 75% male) and 18% were not (median age 62 years, 68% male). BB treatment was associated with a similar risk of CV death, recurrent MI, and the composite outcome of CV events compared with no BB treatment [ARD (95% confidence intervals)] correspondingly; 0.1% (-0.3% to 0.5%), 0.2% (-0.7% to 1.2%), and 1.2% (-0.2% to 2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide cohort study of stable, optimally treated MI patients without HF, we found no long-term effect of BB treatment on CV prognosis following the patients from 3 months to 3 years after MI admission.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Assistência ao Convalescente , Estudos de Coortes , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Alta do Paciente , Sistema de Registros , Reperfusão , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Eur Heart J ; 42(30): 2899-2908, 2021 08 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34245252

RESUMO

AIMS: Reports have suggested an increased risk of aortic and mitral regurgitation associated with oral fluoroquinolones (FQs) resulting in a safety warning published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). However, these findings have not yet been replicated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using Danish administrative registers, we conducted a nested case-control study in a nationwide cohort of individuals between 2005 and 2018. Cases were defined as the first occurrence of aortic or mitral regurgitation. Exposure of interest was the use of oral FQs. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained by fitting time-dependent Cox regression models, with penicillin V as comparator, to assess the association between FQ use and incident valvular regurgitation. We identified 38 370 cases of valvular regurgitation with 1 115 100 matched controls. FQ exposure was not significantly associated with increased rates of aortic or mitral regurgitation (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.09) compared with penicillin V users. Investigating the cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) of FQs yielded similar results with no significant association between increasing FQ use and valvular regurgitation (e.g. HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95-1.23 for cDDD >10 compared with cDDD 1-5). These results were consistent across several analyses including a cohort of patients with hypertension and using a case definition based on valvular surgical interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In a nationwide nested case-control study, FQs were not significantly associated with increased rates of valvular regurgitation. Our findings do not support a possible causal connection between FQ exposure and incident valvular regurgitation.


Assuntos
Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Fluoroquinolonas , Humanos , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/epidemiologia
8.
Eur Heart J ; 41(32): 3072-3079, 2020 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32578859

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the incidence, patient characteristics, and related events associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during a national COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using nationwide Danish registries, we included all patients, aged 18-90 years, receiving a new-onset AF diagnosis during the first 3 months of 2019 and 2020. The main comparison was between patients diagnosed during lockdown (12 March 12-1 April 2020) and patients diagnosed in the corresponding period 1 year previously. We found a lower incidence of new-onset AF during the 3 weeks of lockdown compared with the corresponding weeks in 2019 [incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the 3 weeks: 0.66 (0.56-0.78), 0.53 (0.45-0.64), and 0.41 (0.34-0.50)]. There was a 47% drop in total numbers (562 vs. 1053). Patients diagnosed during lockdown were younger and with a lower CHA2DS2-VASc score, while history of cancer, heart failure, and vascular disease were more prevalent. During lockdown, 30 (5.3%) patients with new-onset AF suffered an ischaemic stroke and 15 (2.7%) died, compared with 45 (4.3%) and 14 (1.3%) patients during the corresponding 2019 period, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of a related event (ischaemic stroke or all-cause death) during lock-down compared with the corresponding weeks was 1.41 (95% CI 0.93-2.12). CONCLUSIONS: Following a national lockdown in Denmark, a 47% drop in registered new-onset AF cases was observed. In the event of prolonged or subsequent lockdowns, the risk of undiagnosed AF patients developing complications could potentially translate into poorer outcomes in patients with AF during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Betacoronavirus , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
10.
Cardiovasc Diabetol ; 18(1): 79, 2019 06 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31189473

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prevalent diabetes at the time of heart failure (HF) diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of death, but the incidence and prognostic importance of new-onset diabetes in patients with established HF remains unknown. METHODS: Patients with a first hospitalization for HF in the period 2003-2014 were included and stratified according to history of diabetes. Annual incidence rates of new-onset diabetes were calculated and time-dependent multivariable Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of death in patients with prevalent and new-onset diabetes with patients without diabetes as reference. The model was adjusted for age, sex, duration of HF, educational level and comorbidity. Covariates were continuously updated throughout follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 104,522 HF patients were included in the study, of which 21,216 (19%) patients had diabetes at baseline, and 8164 (10%) developed new-onset diabetes during a mean follow-up of 3.9 years. Patients with new-onset diabetes and prevalent diabetes were slightly younger than patients without diabetes (70 vs. 74 and 77, respectively), more likely to be men (62% vs. 60% and 54%), and had more comorbidities expect for ischemic heart disease, hypertension and chronic kidney disease which were more prevalent among patients with prevalent diabetes. Incidence rates of new-onset diabetes increased from around 2 per 100 person-years in the first years following HF hospitalization up to 3 per 100 person-years after 5 years of follow-up. A total of 61,424 (59%) patients died during the study period with event rates per 100 person-years of 21.5 for new-onset diabetes, 17.9 for prevalent diabetes and 13.9 for patients without diabetes. Compared to patients without diabetes, new-onset diabetes was associated with a higher risk of death (adjusted HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.42-1.52) and prevalent diabetes was associated with an intermediate risk (HR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16-1.21). CONCLUSION: Following the first HF hospitalization, the incidence of new-onset diabetes was around 2% per year, rising to 3% after 5 years of follow-up. New-onset diabetes was associated with an increased risk of death, compared to HF patients with prevalent diabetes (intermediate risk) and HF patients without diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Causas de Morte , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
12.
Int J Cardiol ; 408: 132137, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38705205

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Limited knowledge of antihypertensive treatment of the elderly potentially impedes effective strategies for hypertension management in this growing patient group. We aimed to investigate temporal trends for first-line drug choice for antihypertensive treatment and treatment continuity among patients ≥75 years from 2000 to 2021. METHODS: Using nationwide Danish registers, patients ≥75 years initiated for the first time on antihypertensive drugs: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), beta blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), thiazides, or combinations, were identified. Patients with other indications than hypertension were excluded. Treatment continuity was described using claimed prescriptions the first 180 days following study entry. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2021, 170,769 patients (median age 80 years [interquartile range:77-84], 60.3% female) were included. From 2000 to 2003 to 2015-2021 the proportion of first-line drug choice increased for ACEi (8.7% to 14.9%), ARB (4.1% to 23.9%), and CCB (10.7% to 27.6%), decreased for thiazides (60.6% to 15.9%) and remained stable for BB (12.9% to 14.1%) and combinations (2.9% to 3.6%). For 157,457 patients alive after 180 days, discontinuation was highest among patients initiated on thiazides (28.3%) whereas most patients continued the same single drug regimen if they started on ACEi (55.2%), ARB (65.0%), BB (57.2%) or CCB (59.3%). CONCLUSIONS: From 2000 to 2021 thiazides have been replaced by ACEi, ARB and CCB. Thiazides had the lowest treatment continuity while ARB appeared preferred slightly over ACEi. Differences in adherence in relation to first-line drug choice may warrant scrutiny regarding recommendations for the elderly.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos , Hipertensão , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/tendências , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico
13.
Eur J Prev Cardiol ; 31(2): 218-227, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37767960

RESUMO

AIMS: Multiple health administrative databases can be individually linked in Aotearoa New Zealand, using encrypted identifiers. These databases were used to develop cardiovascular risk prediction equations for patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS: Administrative health databases were linked to identify all people aged 18-84 years with known CVD, living in Auckland and Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, on 1 January 2014. The cohort was followed until study outcome, death, or 5 years. The study outcome was death or hospitalization due to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or peripheral vascular disease. Sex-specific 5-year CVD risk prediction equations were developed using multivariable Fine and Gray models. A total of 43 862 men {median age: 67 years [interquartile range (IQR): 59-75]} and 32 724 women [median age: 70 years (IQR: 60-77)] had 14 252 and 9551 cardiovascular events, respectively. Equations were well calibrated with good discrimination. Increasing age and deprivation, recent cardiovascular hospitalization, Mori ethnicity, smoking history, heart failure, diabetes, chronic renal disease, atrial fibrillation, use of blood pressure lowering and anti-thrombotic drugs, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and creatinine were statistically significant independent predictors of the study outcome. Fourteen per cent of men and 23% of women had predicted 5-year cardiovascular risk <15%, while 28 and 24% had ≥40% risk. CONCLUSION: Robust cardiovascular risk prediction equations were developed from linked routine health databases, a currently underutilized resource worldwide. The marked heterogeneity demonstrated in predicted risk suggests that preventive therapy in people with known CVD would be better informed by risk stratification beyond a one-size-fits-all high-risk categorization.


Using regionwide New Zealand health databases, methods of predicting hospitalization risk in patients with existing heart disease were developed. Using only data from health databases, it was possible to predict the risk accurately.Among patients with existing heart disease, the predicted risk varied markedly which could help improve preventive strategies.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia
14.
Heart ; 2024 Jul 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38960588

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: No routinely recommended cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction equations have adjusted for CVD preventive medications initiated during follow-up (treatment drop-in) in their derivation cohorts. This will lead to underestimation of risk when equations are applied in clinical practice if treatment drop-in is common. We aimed to quantify the treatment drop-in in a large contemporary national cohort to determine whether equations are likely to require adjustment. METHODS: Eight de-identified individual-level national health administrative datasets in Aotearoa New Zealand were linked to establish a cohort of almost all New Zealanders without CVD and aged 30-74 years in 2006. Individuals dispensing blood-pressure-lowering and/or lipid-lowering medications between 1 July 2006 and 31 December 2006 (baseline dispensing), and in each 6-month period during 12 years' follow-up to 31 December 2018 (follow-up dispensing), were identified. Person-years of treatment drop-in were determined. RESULTS: A total of 1 399 348 (80%) out of the 1 746 695 individuals in the cohort were not dispensed CVD medications at baseline. Blood-pressure-lowering and/or lipid-lowering treatment drop-in accounted for 14% of follow-up time in the group untreated at baseline and increased significantly with increasing predicted baseline 5-year CVD risk (12%, 31%, 34% and 37% in <5%, 5-9%, 10-14% and ≥15% risk groups, respectively) and with increasing age (8% in 30-44 year-olds to 30% in 60-74 year-olds). CONCLUSIONS: CVD preventive treatment drop-in accounted for approximately one-third of follow-up time among participants typically eligible for preventive treatment (≥5% 5-year predicted risk). Equations derived from cohorts with long-term follow-up that do not adjust for treatment drop-in effect will underestimate CVD risk in higher risk individuals and lead to undertreatment. Future CVD risk prediction studies need to address this potential flaw.

15.
Int J Cardiol ; 406: 132001, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38561107

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is described as a prognostic factor in patients with cancer however, the prognostic impact of PE remains unknown. This study investigated, the 1-year prognosis following PE in patients with breast-, gastrointestinal-, or lung cancer stratified by cancer status. METHODS: All Danish patients with first-time PE from 2008 to 2018 were included. Cancer status was categorized as no cancer, history of cancer, non-active cancer and active cancer. Unadjusted and age-stratified 1-year risk of death was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Cause of death was reported using the Aalen-Johansen method. RESULTS: Of 35,679 patients with PE, 18% had a breast-, gastrointestinal-, or lung cancer. Patients with cancer were older compared with no cancer (69.8 years [IQR: 56.2-79.8]). One-year risk of death (95% confidence interval) for active breast-, gastrointestinal-, and lung cancer was 49.5% (44.0%-54.9%), 75.0% (72.5%-77.4%) and 80.1% (78.0%-82.3%) respectively, compared with 18.9% (18.4%-19.3%) for no cancer. Age-stratified analysis revealed no association with increasing age in non-active lung cancer and all active cancers. Further, non-cardiovascular death accounted for an increasing proportion by cancer status (no cancer < history of cancer < non-active cancer < active cancer). CONCLUSIONS: One-year risk of death was dependent on both cancer type and status; no association with age was found for patients with active cancers. Non-cardiovascular death was leading in non-active and active cancers. Thus, the occurrence of first-time PE could be regarded as a marker of cancer severity for patients with breast-, gastrointestinal-, and lung cancer.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Embolia Pulmonar , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Estudos de Coortes , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/complicações , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem , Adulto
16.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 83(19): 1870-1882, 2024 May 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38719367

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Incrementing numbers of patients treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) call for scrutiny concerning long-term drug-safety. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate associations between long-term use of ADHD treatment and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: Using nationwide registers, adult patients first-time initiated on ADHD treatment between 1998 and 2020 were identified. Exposure groups were prior users, <1 defined daily dose (DDD) per day, ≥1 DDD per day determined at start of follow-up, and 1 year after patients' first claimed prescription. Outcomes were acute coronary syndromes, stroke, heart failure, and a composite of the above. RESULTS: At start of follow-up, 26,357, 31,211, and 15,696 individuals were correspondingly categorized as prior users (42% female, median age: 30 years [Q1-Q3: 23-41 years]), <1 DDD per day (47% female, median age: 31 years [Q1-Q3: 24-41 years]), and ≥1 DDD per day (47% female, median age: 33 years [Q1-Q3: 25-41 years]), respectively. Comparing ≥1 DDD per day with prior users, elevated standardized 10-year absolute risk of stroke (2.1% [95% CI: 1.8%-2.4%] vs 1.7% [95% CI: 1.5%-1.9%]), heart failure (1.2% [95% CI: 0.9%-1.4%] vs 0.7% [95% CI: 0.6%-0.8%]), and the composite outcome (3.9% [95% CI: 3.4%-4.3%] vs 3.0% [95% CI: 2.8 %-3.2%]) was found-with corresponding risk ratios of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0-1.5), 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3-2.2), and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.5). No apparent associations were found for acute coronary syndrome (1.0% [95% CI: 0.8%-1.2%] vs 0.9% [95% CI: 0.8%-1.0%]). CONCLUSIONS: Possible associations between elevated long-term cardiovascular risk and increasing dosage of ADHD treatment use in a young patient group should warrant further investigation.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Sistema de Registros , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seguimentos , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos adversos , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo
17.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother ; 9(6): 553-561, 2023 09 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37391361

RESUMO

AIMS: We studied the effect of discontinuing beta-blockers following myocardial infarction in comparison to continuous beta-blocker use in optimally treated, stable patients without heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using nationwide registers, we identified first-time myocardial infarction patients treated with beta-blockers following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography. The analysis was based on landmarks selected as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years after the first redeemed beta-blocker prescription date. The outcomes included all-cause death, cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and a composite outcome of cardiovascular events and procedures. We used logistic regression and reported standardized absolute 5-year risks and risk differences at each landmark year. Among 21 220 first-time myocardial infarction patients, beta-blocker discontinuation was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, or recurrent myocardial infarction compared with patients continuing beta-blockers (landmark year 5; absolute risk difference [95% confidence interval]), correspondingly; -4.19% [-8.95%; 0.57%], -1.18% [-4.11%; 1.75%], and -0.37% [-4.56%; 3.82%]). Further, beta-blocker discontinuation within 2 years after myocardial infarction was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome (landmark year 2; absolute risk [95% confidence interval] 19.87% [17.29%; 22.46%]) compared with continued beta-blocker use (landmark year 2; absolute risk [95% confidence interval] 17.10% [16.34%; 17.87%]), which yielded an absolute risk difference [95% confidence interval] at -2.8% [-5.4%; -0.1%], however, there was no risk difference associated with discontinuation hereafter. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation of beta-blockers 1 year or later after a myocardial infarction without heart failure was not associated with increased serious adverse events.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Infarto do Miocárdio , Humanos , Estudos de Coortes , Duração da Terapia , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Dinamarca/epidemiologia
18.
J Am Coll Cardiol ; 81(15): 1459-1470, 2023 04 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37045515

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fluid retention and endothelial dysfunction have been related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been linked to both a decline in kidney function and subclinical cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVES: The authors hypothesized that short-term use of NSAIDs could lead to subsequent development of incident heart failure (HF) in patients with T2DM. METHODS: Using nationwide Danish registers, we identified patients diagnosed with T2DM during 1998 to 2021 and included patients without previous HF, rheumatic disease, or use of NSAIDs 120 days before diagnosis. Associations between NSAIDs and first-time HF hospitalization were investigated using a case-crossover design with 28-day exposure windows, and ORs with 95% CIs were reported. RESULTS: Included were 331,189 patients with T2DM: 44.2% female, median age of 62 years (IQR: 52-71 years); 23,308 patients were hospitalized with HF during follow-up, and 16% of patients claimed at least 1 NSAID prescription within 1 year. Short-term use of NSAIDs was associated with increased risk of HF hospitalization (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.27-1.63), most notably in subgroups with age ≥80 years (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.39-2.28), elevated hemoglobin (Hb) A1c levels treated with 0 to 1 antidiabetic drug (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.00-2.88), and without previous use of NSAIDs (OR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.78-4.23). CONCLUSIONS: NSAIDs were widely used and were associated with an increased risk of first-time HF hospitalization in patients with T2DM. Patients with advanced age, elevated HbA1c levels, and new users of NSAID seemed more susceptible. These findings could guide physicians prescribing NSAIDs.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Doenças Vasculares , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Doenças Vasculares/complicações
19.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv ; 16(2): 179-188, 2023 01 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36697154

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Loss of autonomy associated with nursing home admission (NHA) is a concern for patients. Yet the incidence of NHA after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and factors associated with NHA following TAVR compared with the general population. METHODS: Through Danish registries, patients alive at discharge after TAVR were identified from January 2014 to October 2021. Patients were matched 1:5 on sex, age, and calendar year to the general population. The 3-year cumulative incidence and 95% CI of NHA were estimated using the Aalen-Johansen estimator, accounting for the competing risk for death. Through multivariate cause-specific Cox regression models, factors associated with NHA were examined. RESULTS: In total, 5,312 TAVR patients were matched to 26,560 control subjects with a median age of 81 years and 56.1% males. Comorbidity burden was higher for TAVR patients. The 3-year cumulative incidence of NHA was 6.3% (95% CI: 5.5%-7.1%) for TAVR patients compared with 5.8% (95% CI: 5.4%-6.1%) for the general population. For TAVR patients >85 years of age, the cumulative incidence of NHA was 11.6% (95% CI: 9.5%-13.8%), and the risk for death was 23.3% (95% CI: 20.4%-26.2%). Factors associated with NHA were increasing age, frailty, living alone, and atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSIONS: TAVR was not associated with an increased incidence of NHA compared with the general population. Despite the increased incidence of NHA for TAVR patients >85 years of age, approximately 2 in 3 patients were still alive and not admitted to nursing homes 3 years after TAVR.


Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/efeitos adversos , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Casas de Saúde , Dinamarca/epidemiologia
20.
Eur J Heart Fail ; 25(10): 1859-1867, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37534618

RESUMO

AIM: Expected 1-year survival is essential to risk stratification of patients with heart failure (HF); however, little is known about the 1-year prognosis of patients with HF and cancer. Thus, the objective was to investigate the 1-year prognosis following new-onset HF stratified by cancer status in patients with breast, gastrointestinal, or lung cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: All Danish patients with new-onset HF from 2000 to 2018 were included. Cancer status was categorized as history of cancer (no cancer-related contact within 5 years of HF diagnosis), non-active cancer (curative intended procedure administered) and active cancer. Standardized 1-year all-cause mortality was reported using G-computation. Age-stratified 1-year all-cause mortality was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. In total, 193 359 patients with HF were included, 7.3% had either a breast, gastrointestinal, or lung cancer diagnosis. Patients with cancer were older and more comorbid than patients without cancer. Standardized 1-year all-cause mortality (95% confidence intervals) was 24.6% (23.0-26.2%), 27.1% (25.5-28.6%), and 29.9% (25.9-34.0%) for history of breast, gastrointestinal and lung cancer, respectively, which was comparable to patients with non-active cancers. For active breast, gastrointestinal and lung cancer, standardized 1-year all-cause mortality was 36.2% (33.8-38.6%), 49.0% (47.2-50.9%), and 61.6% (59.7-63.5%), respectively. One-year all-cause mortality increased incrementally with age, except for active lung cancer. CONCLUSION: Standardized 1-year all-cause mortality was comparable for patients with history of cancer and non-active cancer regardless of cancer type, but varied comprehensively for active cancers. Prognostic impact of age was limited for active lung cancer. Thus, granular stratification of cancer is necessary for optimized management of new-onset HF.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Comorbidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações
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