RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are subtle or mild parenchymal abnormalities observed in more than 5% of the lungs on computed tomography (CT) scans in patients in whom interstitial lung disease was not previously clinically suspected and is considered. ILA is considered to be partly undeveloped stages of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). This study aims to clarify the frequency of subsequent IPF or PPF diagnosis, the natural course from the preclinical status of the diseases, and the course after commencing treatment. METHODS: This is an ongoing, prospective, multicentre observational cohort study of patients with ILA referred from general health screening facilities with more than 70,000 annual attendances. Up to 500 participants will be enrolled annually over 3 years, with 5-year assessments every six months. Treatment intervention including anti-fibrotic agents will be introduced in disease progression cases. The primary outcome is the frequency of subsequent IPF or PPF diagnoses. Additionally, secondary and further endpoints are associated with the efficacy of early therapeutic interventions in cases involving disease progression, including quantitative assessment by artificial intelligence. DISCUSSION: This is the first prospective, multicentre, observational study to clarify (i) the aetiological data of patients with ILA from the largest general health check-up population, (ii) the natural course of IPF or PPF from the asymptomatic stage, and (iii) the effects and outcomes of early therapeutic intervention including anti-fibrotic agents for progressive cases of ILA. The results of this study could significantly impact the clinical practice and treatment strategy for progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000045149.
Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Humanos , Japão , Antifibróticos , Inteligência Artificial , População do Leste Asiático , Estudos Prospectivos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/epidemiologia , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/complicações , Estudos de Coortes , Progressão da DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer patients have a high risk of cerebral infarction, but the clinical significance of cerebral infarction in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the incidence, prognostic impact, and risk factors of cerebral infarction in patients with NSCLC. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 710 consecutive patients with advanced or post-operative recurrent NSCLC treated between January 2010 and July 2020 at Kumamoto University Hospital. Cerebral infarction was diagnosed according to the detection of high-intensity lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging regardless of the presence of neurological symptoms during the entire course from 3 months before NSCLC diagnosis. The prognostic impact and risk factors of cerebral infarction were evaluated based on propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Cerebral infarction occurred in 36 patients (5%). Of them, 21 (58%) and 15 (42%) patients developed asymptomatic and symptomatic cerebral infarction, respectively. PSM analysis for survival showed that cerebral infarction was an independent prognostic factor (hazards ratio: 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-4.85, P = 0.010). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, D-dimer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.14, P < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, P = 0.023) levels were independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: Cerebral infarction occurred in 5% of NSCLC patients, and asymptomatic cerebral infarction was more frequent. Cerebral infarction was a negative prognostic factor and was associated with hyper-coagulation and inflammation. The high frequency of asymptomatic cerebral infarction and its risk in NSCLC patients with these conditions should be recognized.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto Cerebral/etiologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The bacterial density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is closely related to its pathogenicity. We evaluated the effect of airway P. aeruginosa density on the clinical course of mechanically ventilated patients and the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data of mechanically ventilated ICU patients with P. aeruginosa isolated from endotracheal aspirates. Patients were divided into three groups according to the peak P. aeruginosa density during ICU stay: low (≤ 104 cfu/mL), moderate (105â106 cfu/mL), and high (≥ 107 cfu/mL) peak density groups. The relationship between peak P. aeruginosa density and weaning from mechanical ventilation, risk factors for isolation of high peak density of P. aeruginosa, and antibiotic efficacy were investigated using multivariate and propensity score-matched analyses. RESULTS: Four-hundred-and-sixty-one patients were enrolled. Patients with high peak density of P. aeruginosa had higher inflammation and developed more severe respiratory infections. High peak density of P. aeruginosa was independently associated with few ventilator-free days on day 28 (P < 0.01) and increased ICU mortality (P = 0.047). Risk factors for high peak density of P. aeruginosa were prolonged mechanical ventilation (odd ratio [OR] 3.07 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35â6.97), non-antipseudomonal cephalosporins (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.35â3.49), hyperglycemia (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.26â3.22) during ICU stay, and respiratory diseases (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.12â3.23). Isolation of commensal colonizer was associated with lower risks of high peak density of P. aeruginosa (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26â0.73). Propensity score-matched analysis revealed that antibiotic therapy for patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis improved weaning from mechanical ventilation only in the high peak P. aeruginosa group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high peak density of P. aeruginosa had worse ventilator outcome and ICU mortality. In patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, antibiotic therapy was associated with favorable ventilator weaning only in the high peak P. aeruginosa density group, and bacterial density could be a good therapeutic indicator for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis due to P. aeruginosa.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/normas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , APACHE , Idoso , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Japão/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/tendências , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Pontuação de Propensão , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anti-programmed cell death protein-1/ligand-1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) therapy is promising for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, clinical trials have focused on patients with a performance status (PS) 0 or 1. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and correlation between PD-L1 expression status and tumor response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy among NSCLC patients with poor PS (i.e., PS ≥ 2). METHODS: In total, 130 patients with NSCLC and PS ≥ 2 treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy at 12 institutions between January 2016 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. PD-L1 expression status was divided into four groups: < 1%, 1-49%, ≥ 50%, and unknown. RESULTS: The objective response rate and PS improvement rate were 23 and 21% and were higher in the PD-L1 ≥ 50% group than in other groups (P < 0.01). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 62 days and was longer in the PD-L1 ≥ 50% group than in other groups (P = 0.03). Multivariate analyses revealed that PD-L1 expression is significantly associated with prolonged PFS (PD-L1 < 1%; reference; 1-49%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.99, P = 0.05; ≥ 50%, HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.71, P = 0.02; unknown, HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.08-1.22, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: NSCLC patients with poor PS and PD-L1 ≥ 50% are expected to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, despite a modest overall response among NSCLC patients with poor PS. Accordingly, PD-L1 expression provides useful information regarding decision-making for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy even in these populations.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose , Antígeno B7-H1 , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Humanos , Ligantes , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The detection of exercise-induced hypoxemia is important for evaluating disease status in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is useful for detecting exercise-induced hypoxemia. This pilot study aimed to validate the breath-holding test (BHT) as a screening for exercise-induced hypoxemia and compare its utility with that of the 6MWT in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Fifty-nine patients with chronic respiratory diseases underwent BHTs lasting 10, 15, and 20 s. Percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulse rate, and severity of dyspnoea were measured. The participants also underwent a 6MWT, a pulmonary function test, and analysis of arterial blood gas at rest. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of desaturation in the 6MWT. The minimum SpO2 during the BHT (all durations) and 6MWT were significantly correlated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the optimal cut-off for predicting SpO2 < 90% during the 6MWT as a minimum SpO2 ≤ 94% during the 15-s BHT. Perceived dyspnoea and maximum pulse rate were significantly lower during the 15-s BHT than during the 6MWT. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, the minimum SpO2 during the 15-s BHT (ß, 0.565, p < 0.001) and %DLco (ß, 0.255, p < 0.028) were independent predictors of desaturation in the 6MWT. The minimum SpO2 during the 15-s BHT may be a useful measure for screening for exercise-induced hypoxemia in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The BHT is easier to perform, more readily available, and better tolerated than the 6MWT.
Assuntos
Teste de Esforço , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Dispneia/diagnóstico , Dispneia/etiologia , Humanos , Hipóxia/diagnóstico , Hipóxia/etiologia , Oxigênio , Projetos Piloto , Teste de CaminhadaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We examined whether fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) performed before chemotherapy could predict the onset of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) in patients with lung cancer and ILD treated with chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with lung cancer and ILD who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and were treated with chemotherapy at Kumamoto University Hospital between April 2006 and March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of interstitial lesions was measured to quantify the background ILD activity. A prediction model of AE-ILD was developed using logistic regression analyses for the SUVmax, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Among the 33 patients, 7 experienced AE-ILD. The SUVmax of contralateral interstitial lesions was significantly higher in patients with vs. without AE-ILD (median SUVmax: 2.220 vs. 1.795, P = 0.025). Univariable logistic regression analyses showed that the SUVmax of contralateral interstitial lesions trended towards being significantly associated with the onset of AE-ILD [odds ratio: 8.683, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-85.83, P = 0.064]. The area under the ROC curve of the SUVmax for predicting AE-ILD was 0.780 (95% CI 0.579-0.982, P = 0.025). The optimal cut-off value for SUVmax was 2.005, with sensitivity and specificity values of 0.857 and 0.769, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The SUVmax of contralateral interstitial lesions in 18F-FDG PET/CT images might be useful for predicting the onset of AE-ILD in patients with lung cancer and ILD treated with chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Idoso , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Recent studies have suggested that an increased peripheral monocyte count predicts a poor outcome in fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the association between an increased monocyte count and acute exacerbations (AEs) of fibrosing ILD remains to be elucidated. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the impact of peripheral monocyte count on AEs of fibrosing ILD. We analyzed the electronic medical records of 122 consecutive patients with fibrosing ILD and no prior history of an AE, who were treated with anti-fibrotic agents from August 2015 to December 2018. We determined their peripheral monocyte counts at anti-fibrotic agent initiation and performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of time-to-first AE after anti-fibrotic agent initiation to assess the impact of monocyte count on AEs of fibrosing ILD. Twenty-six patients developed an AE during the follow-up period, and there was an increased monocyte count at anti-fibrotic agent initiation in these patients compared to those who did not develop an AE. There was also a significantly shorter time-to-first AE of fibrosing ILD in patients with a higher absolute monocyte count. Subgroup analyses indicated similar results regardless of the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis diagnoses. This association was independently significant after adjusting for the severity of the fibrosing ILD. Using our results, we developed a simple scoring system consisting of two factors-monocyte count (<>380 µL-1) and ILD-gender, age, physiology score (<>4 points). Our findings suggest that the absolute monocyte count is an independent significant risk factor for AE in patients with fibrosing ILD. Our simple scoring system may be a predictor for AEs of fibrosing ILD, although further studies are needed to verify our findings.
Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Contagem de Leucócitos , Monócitos , Exacerbação dos Sintomas , Progressão da Doença , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/sangue , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/epidemiologia , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatologia , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/terapia , Japão/epidemiologia , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Contagem de Leucócitos/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
PD-1 blockade therapy activates T cells by blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 and promotes IFN-γ and Th1 cytokine production. In turn, IFN-γ and Th1 cytokines produced by activated T cells promote TF synthesis in monocytes/macrophages, which results in hypercoagulability leading to thrombosis.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/induzido quimicamente , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/complicações , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Infarto Cerebral/induzido quimicamente , Citocinas/imunologia , Genes cdc , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Trombose/diagnóstico , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Here, we present real-world data on the incidence and risk factors of acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with chronic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia (CFIP) treated with antifibrotic agents, which has been previously poorly documented. METHODS: We retrospectively examined clinical characteristics, incidence and risk factors of AE in a cohort of 100 patients with CFIP (n = 75, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF]; n = 25, other conditions), all of whom received antifibrotic agents in a real-world setting. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 17.4 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6.6 to 26.7 months). During the follow-up periods, 21 patients experienced AE after starting antifibrotic agents. The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year AE incidence rates were 11.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 6.2-20.3%), 32% (95%CI, 20.7-47.4%), and 36.3% (95%CI 23.5-53.1%), respectively. Decreased baseline lung function (forced vital capacity and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung), existence of pulmonary hypertension estimated from an echocardiogram, higher Interstitial Lung Disease-Gender, Age, and Physiology (ILD-GAP) score, supplementary oxygen, and concomitant corticosteroid and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use upon starting the antifibrotic agent were risk factors of AE. Concomitant corticosteroid and PPI use and corticosteroid dose were risk factor of AE in a multivariate Cox regression hazard model adjusting for ILD-GAP score. CONCLUSION: AE of CFIP is more common in patients with physiologically and functionally advanced disease under antifibrotic agents. Prudent use of corticosteroids and PPIs when initiating antifibrotic agents may be recommended. Further studies are warranted.
Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Capacidade Vital , Doença Aguda , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/fisiopatologia , Incidência , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) is the most serious complication in lung cancer patients with pre-existing ILD receiving chemotherapy. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pathogenesis of AE-ILD is conflicting. The influence of bevacizumab (Bev), a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, on lung cancer patients with pre-existing ILD remains unclear. We examined the effect of Bev on reducing AE-ILD risk in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: We analysed incidence of AE-ILD and outcomes of 48 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC with ILD who received first-line chemotherapy with (Bev group, n = 17) and without (non-Bev group, n = 31) Bev between July 2011 and July 2016. Gray's test, which was competing risk analysis during the study period, was performed for both groups. RESULTS: The most common regimen used for first-line chemotherapy was the combination of carboplatin plus pemetrexed (PEM) in both groups. The incidences of chemotherapy-related AE-ILD 120 days after first-line chemotherapy initiation were significantly lower in the Bev than in the non-Bev groups (0% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.037, Gray's test). However, there were no differences in development of progressive disease of lung cancer and other events as the competing risk factors of AE-ILD between the two groups. Only patients receiving PEM-containing regimens also showed a significant difference in the incidence of AE-ILD between the two groups (p = 0.044). The overall-cumulative incidence of AE-ILD during the first-line and subsequent chemotherapy was 29.2% (14 of the 48). The median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the Bev than in the non-Bev groups (8.0 vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of Bev to chemotherapy regimens may reduce the risk of chemotherapy-related AE-ILD in patients with lung cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Lung abscess following flexible bronchoscopy is a rare and sometimes fatal iatrogenic complication. Here, we report the first case of a lung abscess caused by multidrug-resistant Capnocytophaga sputigena following bronchoscopy. A 67-year-old man underwent bronchoscopy to evaluate a lung mass. Seven days after transbronchial lung biopsy, he presented with an abscess formation in a lung mass. Empirical antibiotic therapy, including with garenoxacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, clindamycin and cefepime, was ineffective. Percutaneous needle aspiration of lung abscess yielded C. sputigena resistant to multiple antibiotics but remained susceptible to carbapenem. He was successfully treated by the combination therapy with surgery and with approximately 6 weeks of intravenous carbapenem. Finally he was diagnosed with a lung abscess with adenocarcinoma expressing high levels of programmed cell death ligand 1. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Capnocytophaga species is a serious concern for effective antimicrobial therapy. Clinicians should consider multidrug-resistant C. sputigena as a causative pathogen of lung abscess when it is refractory to antimicrobial treatment.
Assuntos
Broncoscopia/efeitos adversos , Capnocytophaga/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Pulmonar/microbiologia , Meropeném/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antígeno B7-H1 , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Capnocytophaga/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Humanos , Abscesso Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Masculino , Meropeném/uso terapêutico , Escarro/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonias (RPIPs) associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) are highly resistant to therapy and have a poor prognosis. Multimodal therapies, including direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX-DHP), have a protective effect on RPIPs. We evaluated the effects of PMX-DHP on CADM-associated RPIPs. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 14 patients with CADM-associated RPIPs and acute respiratory failure treated with PMX-DHP, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive agents. Clinical manifestations were compared between survivors and non-survivors at 90 days after PMX-DHP. RESULTS: The survival rate at 90 days after PMX-DHP was 35.7% (5/14). Before PMX-DHP, the survivor group exhibited a significantly higher PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio and serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D) levels and significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ferritin levels than the non-survivor group. Platelet counts were significantly decreased after PMX-DHP therapy in both groups, but remained higher in the survivor group than the non-survivor group over the course of treatment. Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5) antibody positive patients demonstrated a poor 90-day survival rate, lower platelet counts and P/F ratio, and higher LDH levels than anti-MDA-5 antibody negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: CADM-associated RPIPs with anti-MDA-5 antibody is associated with a very poor prognosis. A higher P/F ratio and SP-D level, lower LDH and ferritin levels, higher platelet counts, and anti-MDA-5 antibody negativity are important prognostic markers in patients with CADM-associated RPIPs treated with PMX-DHP.
Assuntos
Dermatomiosite/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/mortalidade , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/terapia , Insuficiência Respiratória/mortalidade , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Hemoperfusão , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Japão , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimixina B/uso terapêutico , Proteína D Associada a Surfactante Pulmonar/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Síndrome de Churg-Strauss , Granulomatose com Poliangiite , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Churg-Strauss/tratamento farmacológico , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/diagnóstico , Granulomatose com Poliangiite/tratamento farmacológico , HumanosRESUMO
We present 3 cases of rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia (RPIP) associated with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (C-ADM) that were treated with two courses of direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX-DHP). Despite initial treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, pulsed cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine, the lung disease and hypoxemia deteriorated in all the patients. After PMX-DHP treatment, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and serum LDH and KL-6 were improved, the abnormal shadows in chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans gradually decreased, and, finally, all patients survived. These findings indicate that PMX-DHP treatment could be effective in the management of RPIP in patients with C-ADM in combination with conventional therapy.
Assuntos
Dermatomiosite/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/terapia , Polimixina B/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Hemoperfusão , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is the standard first-line treatment for EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and demonstrates favorable disease control. Conversely, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligands demonstrate a restrictive tumor response. We herein report a patient who achieved a durable response to pembrolizumab following early progression within two months of osimertinib administration for EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma. Our findings suggest that treatment with ICIs for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC experiencing early progression to osimertinib as first-line treatment might represent a viable approach.
RESUMO
Pulmonary tumor embolisms (PTEs) are primarily caused by adenocarcinoma. However, only a few cases of oropharyngeal carcinoma have been reported. We herein report a 47-year-old man who presented with a fever, cough, and dyspnea 6 months after treatment for stage II oropharyngeal carcinoma. Chest computed tomography revealed centrilobular granular and nodular shadows and subpleural consolidation. A transbronchial lung biopsy revealed a mass of squamous tumor cells forming emboli in the small vessels, resulting in the diagnosis of PTE due to oropharyngeal carcinoma. Therefore, PTE should be considered for patients with a history of hypoxia.
RESUMO
It is unclear which factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors are associated with higher bleeding risk in patients with respiratory diseases, and there are no studies on the association between prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) and bleeding risk. We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing 1-year-outcomes and PT-INR between patients with respiratory diseases treated with rivaroxaban (R group, n = 82) or edoxaban (E group, n = 138) for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism from 2013 to 2021. The most frequent event of all bleeding discontinuations was respiratory bleeding in both groups (7.3 and 4.3%, respectively). The cumulative incidence of bleeding discontinuation was significantly higher in the R group (25.6%) than in the E group (14.4%) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-4.64; P = 0.023). PT-INR after initiation of therapy significantly increased and was higher in the R group than in the E group (median value, 1.4 and 1.2, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray models revealed that PT-INR after initiation of therapy was an independent risk factor of bleeding discontinuation events (HR = 4.37, 95% CI 2.57-7.41: P < 0.001). Respiratory bleeding occasionally occurs in patients receiving FXa inhibitors, and monitoring the PT-INR may need to ensure safety.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Hemorragia , Transtornos Respiratórios , Doenças Respiratórias , Humanos , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores do Fator Xa/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/complicações , Transtornos Respiratórios/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Respiratórias/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rivaroxabana/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea, are common adverse events associated with nintedanib. Systemic sclerosis is associated with a high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms that may increase with nintedanib administration. In clinical practice, we aimed to determine whether patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) experience more adverse gastrointestinal events associated with nintedanib than patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). METHODS: We retrospectively examined the clinical records of patients with SSc-ILD and IIPs newly treated with nintedanib at Kumamoto University Hospital between January 2020 and September 2022 and compared adverse events. RESULTS: In total, 27 patients with SSc-ILD and 34 with IIPs were enrolled. No significant differences were observed in the duration of nintedanib treatment. The most frequent adverse event in both groups was diarrhea, which was more frequent in the SSc-ILD group (81.5 % vs. 61.8 %, p = 0.157). Nausea was significantly more frequent in the SSc-ILD group than in the IIPs group (37.0 % vs. 11.8 %, p = 0.031). The permanent discontinuation rate of nintedanib during the study period between the two groups was not different (40.7 % vs. 32.4 %, p = 0.595). However, the most common reasons for discontinuation varied. The most frequent reason in the SSc-ILD group was nausea, due to the progression of ILD in the IIPs group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SSc-ILD experienced significantly more nintedanib-induced nausea than those with IIPs. Gastrointestinal adverse events are often the reason for discontinuation of nintedanib in the SSc-ILD group, which requires better management of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Assuntos
Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas , Indóis , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/etiologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas/complicações , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Escleroderma Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Náusea/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (AE-IIPs) is a disease associated with a poor prognosis in patients with IIPs. However, the specific characteristics of fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging for AE-IIPs remain unclear. Herein, we present the case of a patient with lung cancer combined with IIPs who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at the early onset of AE-IIPs. The scan, conducted 18 days post-bronchoscopy for lung cancer evaluation, revealed AE-IIPs before the onset of respiratory failure. New ground-glass opacities appeared, accompanied by significant 18F-FDG accumulation extending beyond these regions. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first assessment of 18F-FDG PET/CT images at the early onset of AE-IIPs before respiratory failure in humans. The observed features in this PET image could potentially contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of AE-IIPs.
RESUMO
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) can sometimes be complicated by pneumomediastinum, although tension pneumomediastinum is extremely rare. We herein report a case of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM-ILD that worsened subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema during treatment. Hypotension and worsening respiratory failure were observed on day 20 of treatment. Mediastinal drainage under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery promptly improved the patient's circulatory and respiratory status. Tension pneumomediastinum is a rare complication; however, it is a serious condition that may lead to hypotension or cardiac arrest and requires a prompt diagnosis and treatment.