Enfermedad de Castleman. Reporte de caso / Castleman Disease. Case report and literature review

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Castleman, o hiperplasia angiofolicular de los ganglios linfáticos, es todo un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico para la mayoría de los médicos. Puede estar asociada con infecciones virales, como el herpes virus tipo 8 (HHV-8), o ser idiopática. A su vez, puede localizarse en una sola región (unicéntrica) o afectar varias (multicéntrica). Suele diagnosticarse en la cuarta década de la vida y ser un hallazgo cuando se trata de la variante unicéntrica. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 19 años que acudió a consulta debido a la aparición de un nódulo en la mama derecha. En el ultrasonido mamario y axilar se encontraron fibroadenomas bilaterales y adenomegalias en el lado izquierdo, con alta vascularidad. Se catalogó como BIRADS 3. El reporte histopatológico de la biopsia, con aguja de corte, del ganglio axilar izquierdo fue de: proliferación linfoide atípica. La inmunohistoquímica reportó positividad para: CD20, CD3, CD21 en células dendríticas interfoliculares, Ki-67 y negatividad para HHV-8 en centros germinales residuales. CONCLUSIÓN: La extirpación quirúrgica de una masa unicéntrica de tipo hialino-vascular-plasmático es curativa. La evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de esta enfermedad debe incluir, además de la evaluación patológica con inmunotinción, estudios de laboratorio y de imágenes sistémicas con PET-TAC para determinar la extensión de la enfermedad (unicéntrica o multicéntrica) y para los marcadores de seguimiento.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Castleman's disease, or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for most physicians. It may be associated with viral infections, such as herpes virus type 8, or be idiopathic. In turn, it can be localized in a single region (unicentric) or affect several (multicentric). It is usually diagnosed in the fourth decade of life and is a finding when it is the unicentric variant. CLINICAL CASE: 19 year old patient who came to consult due to the appearance of a nodule in the right breast. Breast and axillary ultrasound showed bilateral fibroadenomas and adenomegaly on the left side, with high vascularity. It was classified as BIRADS 3. The histopathological report of the biopsy, with cutting needle, of the left axillary node was: atypical lymphoid proliferation. Immunohistochemistry reported positivity for: CD20, CD3, CD21 on interfollicular dendritic cells, Ki-67 and negativity for HHV-8 in residual germinal centers. CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of a unicentric hyaline-vascular-plasmic type mass is curative. Evaluation of patients with suspected disease should include, in addition to pathologic evaluation with immunostaining, laboratory and systemic imaging studies with PET-CT to determine the extent of disease (unicentric or multicentric) and for follow-up markers.

[Maternal morbidity in adolescent pregnancy]. / Morbilidad materna en la adolescente embarazada.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maternal morbidity in < or = 16 year old pregnant teenagers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study of the reviewed cases was carried out from June 1998 to May 1999. All pregnant teenagers which attended the Coordination for the Attention of the Teenage Patient and whose pregnancy came to term during the study period were included. The following variables were analyzed: maternal age, preexisting related diseases, number of pregnancies, number of prenatal control medical visits and the time at which these were started, and maternal morbidity secondary to pregnancy. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety six of 330 case were included. The average maternal age was 15.1 years old (10-16 range); 68.9% had finished middle school; 82.2% were housekeepers, and 61.4% were single. Prenatal control was initiated in the 2nd trimester by 50.7% of them, while 39.5% started it in the 3rd trimester and the remaining 9.8% in the 1st trimester. The most frequent previous pathologies were: bronchial asthma (2.5%), drug addiction (2%), hypothyroidism (2%), cardiopathy (1.5%). The most common complications during pregnancy: urinary system infections (20.4%), anemia (9.8%), threats of premature labour (9.8%), premature membrane rupture (9%), hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy (3.2%), delayed intrauterine growth (2.4%) and fetal malformation (2.4%). About 44.1% of the pregnancies were interrupted by cesarean section, 35.6% by eutochia and 20.3% by instrumented labour. The most frequent complications during the puerperium were: tearing of the canal of the cervix (7%), decidual endometritis (3.3%), dehiscence of surgical wounds (2.7%), and pyelonephritis (1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The pregnant teenager is a "special" patient form the biopsychosocial point of view, thus, she must be managed by a multidisciplinary team, with special emphasis in the problems analyzed in this study.

Mastitis granulomatosa idiopática: características clínicas y tratamiento de una serie de casos / Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: clinical characteristics and treatment of a series of cases

Resumen OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas de la mastitis granulomatosa idiopática y exponer los esquemas de tratamiento indicados a una serie de pacientes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y transversal efectuado en una serie de casos de pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa idiopática atendidas entre mayo de 2012 y julio 2013 por el Grupo de Alta Especialidad Ginecológica y Mamaria de la Ciudad de México. A todas las pacientes se les tomó una biopsia escisional, justificada y guiada por un estudio radiológico previo. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes de edad promedio de 42 años (DE ± 12.5 años) 7 de 21 estaban en la menopausia, 3 de 21 habían permanecido asintomáticas, 2 de 21 con telorragia, 14 de 21 con tumoración mamaria y 2 de 21 con mastalgia. El reporte radiológico de BIRADS fue: 3 = III, 8 = IVa, 8 = IVb y 2 = IVc. La resección quirúrgica se practicó a 19 de 21 pacientes y a 14 de 19 se les administró, antes de la operación, prednisona. CONCLUSIONES: La combinación del tratamiento médico y quirúrgico mejora el pronóstico funcional y cosmético de las pacientes con mastitis granulomatosa y disminuye el riesgo de coincidencia inadvertida de carcinoma de mama.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics of the patients studied with Mastitis idiopathic granulomatous (MGI), also to provide therapeutic tools for these kind of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study of 21 patients with MGI who underwent excision, justified and guided by a previous radiological study, with a complete file and a histopathology report that confirmed the pathological entity. Results: We included 21 patients with an average age of 42 years (SD +/- 12.5 years) 7/21 were in the menopause stage. The clinical presentation was: 3 asymptomatic, 2 with sporulation, 14 with mammary tumor and 2 with mastalgia. The radiological report of BIRADS was: 3 = III, 8 = IVa, 8 = IVb and 2 = IVc. Surgical resection was performed at 19/21 and at 14/19, prednisone was administered preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of medical and surgical treatment improves the functional and cosmetic prognosis in the patient, as well as decreases the risk of inadvertent coincidence of a breast carcinoma.