Results from the 2022 Mexican report card on physical activity for children and adolescents.

Introduction: The Mexican Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents aims to assess the prevalence of movement behaviors and opportunities to perform them. Methods: Data on 11 indicators were obtained from national health surveys, census data, government documents, websites, and published studies. Data were compared against established benchmarks, and a grade between 0 and 10 was assigned to each indicator. Results: For Daily Behaviors, we found 34.5% of Mexican children and adolescents meet Physical Activity recommendations (Grade 3), 48.4% participate in Organized Sports (Grade 5), 35-75.8% engage in Active Play outdoors (Grade 4), 54.1% use Active Transportation (Grade 5), 43.6% spend <2 h in Sedentary Behavior per day (Grade 4), and 65-91% meet Sleep recommendations (Grade 7). Girls have lower physical activity levels and sports participation than boys of the same age. For Physical Fitness, we found 56.2-61.8% of children and adolescents have an adequate body mass index for their age (Grade 6). For Sources of Influence, we found 65-67% of parents engage in physical activity or sports in a week (Grade 7), 32.2-53.3% of basic education schools have a physical education teacher (Grade 6), and 37% of neighborhoods in Mexico have sidewalks with trees (Grade 4). Regarding Government, several policies and programs aimed at improving children physical activity were launched but their impact and allocated implementation budget are unknown (Grade 6). Discussion: Mexican children and adolescents engage in low levels of movement behaviors and have limited opportunities to perform such behaviors. The grades and recommendations provided here should be considered to improve such opportunities.

Waist Circumference Is Not Associated with Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose in a Sample of Mexican Children and Teenagers: Results from a State Screening Program.

A high waist circumference (WC) is used as a risk factor for impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) in adults. This association is less studied in children and teenagers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between having a high WC and IFG by sex and age in a sample of Mexican children and teenagers. We analyzed the data of 12979 participants aged 5 to 17 years to calculate percentile references for uncorrected WC, corrected for height (WC/HT) and by height squared (WC/HT2) with quantile regression. A subsample of 2309 participants with fasting blood glucose samples (FBG), WC, WC/HT and WC/HT2 values was analyzed with logistic regression. A high WC, WC/HT, and WC/HT2 were considered at the sex- and age-specific 90th percentile from the subsample. The IFG was considered as FBG ≥100 mg/dL. Having a high WC, WC/HT, nor WC/HT2 was not significantly associated with IFG for either sex and age group (all p > 0.05). A high WC, either on its uncorrected or corrected for height values, was not an important assessment for predicting IFG in a sample of Mexican children and teenagers. This study provides percentile reference values specific for sex and age.

Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations to Estimate DXA-Derived Skeletal Muscle Mass in Professional Male Soccer Players.

BACKGROUND: Several anthropometric equations that estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM) have been published, but their applicability and accuracy among athletes are still uncertain. PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of different anthropometric equations that estimate SMM in professional male soccer players, as compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference method. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 179 professional male soccer players aged between 18 and 37 years. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, and girths) and a DXA whole body scan were performed the same day for each participant, and SMM was estimated with nine anthropometric equations (Heymsfield, Martin, Doupe, Kerr, Drinkwater, Lee, De Rose, and two equations published by Kuriyan). To determine differences between SMM estimated with anthropometric equations and SMM evaluated with DXA, a Kruskal-Wallis test was performed using Dunn's test as post hoc. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. We calculated the mean difference and 95% limits of agreement for the analyzed equations (Equation - DXA). RESULTS: Only Heymsfield's and Lee's equations showed no significant differences with DXA. Heymsfield's equation had the smallest mean difference (-0.17 kg), but wider limits of agreement with DXA (-6.61 to 6.94 kg). Lee's equation had a small mean difference (1.10 kg) but narrower limits of agreement with DXA (-1.83 to 4.03 kg). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the prediction equation published by Lee et al. showed the best agreement with DXA and is able to estimate SMM accurately in professional male soccer players.

Accuracy of Anthropometric Equations for Estimating Body Fat in Professional Male Soccer Players Compared with DXA.

BACKGROUND: There are several published anthropometric equations to estimate body fat percentage (BF%), and this may prompt uncertainty about their application. PURPOSE: To analyze the accuracy of several anthropometric equations (developed in athletic [AT] and nonathletic [NAT] populations) that estimate BF% comparing them with DXA. METHODS: We evaluated 131 professional male soccer players (body mass: 73.2 ± 8.0 kg; height: 177.5 ± 5.8 cm; DXA BF% [median, 25th-75th percentile]: 14.0, 11.9-16.4%) aged 18 to 37 years. All subjects were evaluated with anthropometric measurements and a whole body DXA scan. BF% was estimated through 14 AT and 17 NAT anthropometric equations and compared with the measured DXA BF%. Mean differences and 95% limits of agreement were calculated for those anthropometric equations without significant differences with DXA. RESULTS: Five AT and seven NAT anthropometric equations did not differ significantly with DXA. From these, Oliver's and Civar's (AT) and Ball's and Wilmore's (NAT) equations showed the highest agreement with DXA. Their 95% limits of agreement ranged from -3.9 to 2.3%, -4.8 to 1.8%, -3.4 to 3.1%, and -3.9 to 3.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Oliver's, Ball's, Civar's, and Wilmore's equations were the best to estimate BF% accurately compared with DXA in professional male soccer players.

Evidencias para la toma de decisiones sobre medidas de mitigación de COVID-19 en Jalisco, México / Evidence for decision-making on mitigation measures for COVID-19 in Jalisco, Mexico / Evidências para a tomada de decisões sobre medidas de mitigação do COVID-19 em Jalisco, México / Évidences pour la prise de décision sur les mesures d'atténuation de la COVID-19 à Jalisco, Mexique

Resumen Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo de pronóstico, para apoyar la toma de decisiones en medidas de mitigación de COVID-19 en Jalisco. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló un modelo matemático, con enfoque determinístico S.E.I.R. para mostrar la evidencia en el desarrollo de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Jalisco. Los estados considerados fueron Susceptibles (S), Expuestos (E), Infectados (I) y Recuperados/ fallecidos (R). Los datos poblacionales se obtuvieron en base a CONAPO 2020, con una población de 8´368,311 habitantes. Se tomaron los parámetros siguientes β, γ y σ, para calibrarlo a partir de las estimaciones de R0, para que el modelo se reproduzca lo mejor posible, dado que el supuesto es que no existe intervención externa que afecte la tasa de contacto y debido a que en Jalisco se aplicaron medidas de intervención. Se plantearon 5 diferentes escenarios, variando el número básico de reproducción (R0) como variable de mitigación. Se extendieron las series en el tiempo. Resultados: El peor de los escenarios (sin intervención) se daría en la primera semana del mes de junio con R0=3 afectando a un 73.2% de la población, pero debido a las medidas de mitigación aplicadas, se observa que el mejor ajuste para el estado es para Ro=2.2 (mitigación 37.2%) dando inicio en la última semana del mes de julio afectando un 58.9% de la población, mostrando una fase menos aguda que la de sin intervención, pero de más larga de duración aproximadamente 40 semanas. Conclusiones: Se requiere un monitoreo, ajuste y adecuación permanente de las medidas de mitigación en las fases de contención y de transmisión sostenida, con un aumento de la capacidad diagnóstica mediante pruebas e incrementar el distanciamiento social. Además, se requerirían nuevos períodos de distanciamiento social intermitente, para prevenir el colapso del sistema estatal de salud, que se activaría con el incremento de la tasa básica de reproducción R0.

Abstract Objective: To develop a forecasting model to support decision-making on mitigation measures of covid-19 in jalisco. Material and methods: A mathematical model with a deterministic approach s.e.i.r. was developed. To show the evidence in the development of the covid-19 pandemic in jalisco. The states considered were susceptible (s), exposed (e), infected (i) and recovered / deceased (r). Population data were obtained based on conapo 2020, with a population of 8,368,311 inhabitants. The following parameters β, γ and σ were taken to calibrate it from the estimates of r0, so that the model reproduces itself as best as possible, since the assumption is that there is no external intervention that affects the contact rate and due to that in jalisco intervention measures were applied. 5 different scenarios were proposed, varying the basic number of reproduction (r0) as a mitigation variable. The series were extended in time. Results: The worst case scenario (without intervention) would occur in the first week of june with r0 = 3 affecting 73.2% of the population, but due to the mitigation measures applied, it is observed that the best adjustment for the state it is for ro = 2.2 (mitigation 37.2%) beginning in the last week of july, affecting 58.9% of the population, showing a less acute phase than that of no intervention but of longer duration, approximately 40 weeks. Conclusions: Continuous monitoring, adjustment and adaptation of mitigation measures are required in the containment and sustained transmission phases, with an increase in diagnostic capacity through tests and increased social distancing. In addition, new periods of intermittent social distancing would be required to prevent the collapse of the state health system, which would be activated with the increase in the basic rate of reproduction r0.

Resumo Objetivo: Desenvolva um modelo de previsão para apoiar a tomada de decisões sobre medidas de mitigação do COVID-19 em Jalisco. Material e métodos: Um modelo matemático com uma abordagem determinística S.E.I.R. foi desenvolvido. mostrar as evidências no desenvolvimento da pandemia de COVID-19 em Jalisco. Os estados considerados foram Susceptíveis (S), Expostos (E), Infectados (I) e Recuperados / Falecidos (R). Os dados populacionais foram obtidos com base no CONAPO 2020, com uma população de 8.368.311 habitantes. Os seguintes parâmetros β, γ e σ foram tomados para calibrá-lo a partir das estimativas de R0, para que o modelo seja reproduzido da melhor forma possível, pois pressupõe-se que não há intervenção externa que afete a taxa de contato e devido a que em Jalisco foram aplicadas medidas de intervenção. Foram propostos 5 cenários diferentes, variando o número básico de reprodução (R0) como variável de mitigação. As séries foram estendidas no tempo. Resultados: O pior cenário (sem intervenção) ocorreria na primeira semana de junho com R0 = 3 afetando 73,2% da população, mas devido às medidas de mitigação aplicadas, observa-se que o melhor ajuste para o estado é para Ro = 2,2 (mitigação 37,2%) a partir da última semana de julho, afetando 58,9% da população, mostrando uma fase menos aguda do que a de nenhuma intervenção, mas de maior duração, aproximadamente 40 semanas. Conclusões: O monitoramento, ajuste e adaptação contínuos das medidas de mitigação são necessários nas fases de contenção e transmissão sustentada, com aumento da capacidade de diagnóstico por meio de testes e aumento do distanciamento social. Além disso, novos períodos de distanciamento social intermitente seriam necessários para evitar o colapso do sistema de saúde do estado, que seria ativado com o aumento da taxa básica de reprodução R0.

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Indice de Singh y morfológico cortical en población adulta aparentemente sana, en deportistas y en individuos sedentarios / Singh and morphologic cortical indexes in otherwise healthy adult population, in athletes and in sedentary individuals

Estudio prospectivo y longitudinal realizando un seguimiento de 300 pacientes a los cuales se les tomó medición de Índice de Singh y morfológico-cortical en deportistas y sedentarios para realizar una comparación entre ambos grupos. Observamos que aquellos pacientes que efectuaban algún tipo de actividad deportiva obtuvieron mejores índices de calcificación ósea comparando pacientes sedentarios y deportistas. Fue significativa la diferencia entre ambos grupos y se pudo corroborar que la práctica regular de ejercicio nos ayuda a disminuir el problema de osteoporosis en el anciano.