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1.
Cell ; 178(3): 714-730.e22, 2019 07 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31348891

RESUMO

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed risk alleles for ulcerative colitis (UC). To understand their cell type specificities and pathways of action, we generate an atlas of 366,650 cells from the colon mucosa of 18 UC patients and 12 healthy individuals, revealing 51 epithelial, stromal, and immune cell subsets, including BEST4+ enterocytes, microfold-like cells, and IL13RA2+IL11+ inflammatory fibroblasts, which we associate with resistance to anti-TNF treatment. Inflammatory fibroblasts, inflammatory monocytes, microfold-like cells, and T cells that co-express CD8 and IL-17 expand with disease, forming intercellular interaction hubs. Many UC risk genes are cell type specific and co-regulated within relatively few gene modules, suggesting convergence onto limited sets of cell types and pathways. Using this observation, we nominate and infer functions for specific risk genes across GWAS loci. Our work provides a framework for interrogating complex human diseases and mapping risk variants to cell types and pathways.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colo/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Bestrofinas/metabolismo , Antígenos CD8/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Enterócitos/citologia , Enterócitos/metabolismo , Feminino , Loci Gênicos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Humanos , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Trombospondinas/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
2.
Nature ; 614(7948): 492-499, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36755099

RESUMO

Both common and rare genetic variants influence complex traits and common diseases. Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of common-variant associations, and more recently, large-scale exome sequencing studies have identified rare-variant associations in hundreds of genes1-3. However, rare-variant genetic architecture is not well characterized, and the relationship between common-variant and rare-variant architecture is unclear4. Here we quantify the heritability explained by the gene-wise burden of rare coding variants across 22 common traits and diseases in 394,783 UK Biobank exomes5. Rare coding variants (allele frequency < 1 × 10-3) explain 1.3% (s.e. = 0.03%) of phenotypic variance on average-much less than common variants-and most burden heritability is explained by ultrarare loss-of-function variants (allele frequency < 1 × 10-5). Common and rare variants implicate the same cell types, with similar enrichments, and they have pleiotropic effects on the same pairs of traits, with similar genetic correlations. They partially colocalize at individual genes and loci, but not to the same extent: burden heritability is strongly concentrated in significant genes, while common-variant heritability is more polygenic, and burden heritability is also more strongly concentrated in constrained genes. Finally, we find that burden heritability for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder6,7 is approximately 2%. Our results indicate that rare coding variants will implicate a tractable number of large-effect genes, that common and rare associations are mechanistically convergent, and that rare coding variants will contribute only modestly to missing heritability and population risk stratification.


Assuntos
Exoma , Frequência do Gene , Variação Genética , Herança Multifatorial , Humanos , Exoma/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Herança Multifatorial/genética , Fatores de Risco , Reino Unido , Loci Gênicos/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtorno Bipolar/genética
3.
Nature ; 621(7980): 857-867, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37730992

RESUMO

Speciation leads to adaptive changes in organ cellular physiology and creates challenges for studying rare cell-type functions that diverge between humans and mice. Rare cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-rich pulmonary ionocytes exist throughout the cartilaginous airways of humans1,2, but limited presence and divergent biology in the proximal trachea of mice has prevented the use of traditional transgenic models to elucidate ionocyte functions in the airway. Here we describe the creation and use of conditional genetic ferret models to dissect pulmonary ionocyte biology and function by enabling ionocyte lineage tracing (FOXI1-CreERT2::ROSA-TG), ionocyte ablation (FOXI1-KO) and ionocyte-specific deletion of CFTR (FOXI1-CreERT2::CFTRL/L). By comparing these models with cystic fibrosis ferrets3,4, we demonstrate that ionocytes control airway surface liquid absorption, secretion, pH and mucus viscosity-leading to reduced airway surface liquid volume and impaired mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis, FOXI1-KO and FOXI1-CreERT2::CFTRL/L ferrets. These processes are regulated by CFTR-dependent ionocyte transport of Cl- and HCO3-. Single-cell transcriptomics and in vivo lineage tracing revealed three subtypes of pulmonary ionocytes and a FOXI1-lineage common rare cell progenitor for ionocytes, tuft cells and neuroendocrine cells during airway development. Thus, rare pulmonary ionocytes perform critical CFTR-dependent functions in the proximal airway that are hallmark features of cystic fibrosis airway disease. These studies provide a road map for using conditional genetics in the first non-rodent mammal to address gene function, cell biology and disease processes that have greater evolutionary conservation between humans and ferrets.


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Furões , Pulmão , Transgenes , Animais , Humanos , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Linhagem da Célula , Fibrose Cística/genética , Fibrose Cística/metabolismo , Fibrose Cística/patologia , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/metabolismo , Furões/genética , Furões/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/genética , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/metabolismo , Pulmão/citologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Traqueia/citologia , Transgenes/genética
4.
Nature ; 595(7865): 107-113, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33915569

RESUMO

COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure1-4, but little is known about its pathophysiology. Here we generated single-cell atlases of 24 lung, 16 kidney, 16 liver and 19 heart autopsy tissue samples and spatial atlases of 14 lung samples from donors who died of COVID-19. Integrated computational analysis uncovered substantial remodelling in the lung epithelial, immune and stromal compartments, with evidence of multiple paths of failed tissue regeneration, including defective alveolar type 2 differentiation and expansion of fibroblasts and putative TP63+ intrapulmonary basal-like progenitor cells. Viral RNAs were enriched in mononuclear phagocytic and endothelial lung cells, which induced specific host programs. Spatial analysis in lung distinguished inflammatory host responses in lung regions with and without viral RNA. Analysis of the other tissue atlases showed transcriptional alterations in multiple cell types in heart tissue from donors with COVID-19, and mapped cell types and genes implicated with disease severity based on COVID-19 genome-wide association studies. Our foundational dataset elucidates the biological effect of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection across the body, a key step towards new treatments.


Assuntos
COVID-19/patologia , COVID-19/virologia , Rim/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atlas como Assunto , Autopsia , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/imunologia , Células Endoteliais , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Células Epiteliais/virologia , Feminino , Fibroblastos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Coração/virologia , Humanos , Inflamação/patologia , Inflamação/virologia , Rim/virologia , Fígado/virologia , Pulmão/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Especificidade de Órgãos , Fagócitos , Alvéolos Pulmonares/patologia , Alvéolos Pulmonares/virologia , RNA Viral/análise , Regeneração , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Análise de Célula Única , Carga Viral
5.
Genet Med ; 22(2): 362-370, 2020 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31467448

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Both monogenic pathogenic variant cataloging and clinical patient diagnosis start with variant-level evidence retrieval followed by expert evidence integration in search of diagnostic variants and genes. Here, we try to accelerate pathogenic variant evidence retrieval by an automatic approach. METHODS: Automatic VAriant evidence DAtabase (AVADA) is a novel machine learning tool that uses natural language processing to automatically identify pathogenic genetic variant evidence in full-text primary literature about monogenic disease and convert it to genomic coordinates. RESULTS: AVADA automatically retrieved almost 60% of likely disease-causing variants deposited in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), a 4.4-fold improvement over the current best open source automated variant extractor. AVADA contains over 60,000 likely disease-causing variants that are in HGMD but not in ClinVar. AVADA also highlights the challenges of automated variant mapping and pathogenicity curation. However, when combined with manual validation, on 245 diagnosed patients, AVADA provides valuable evidence for an additional 18 diagnostic variants, on top of ClinVar's 21, versus only 2 using the best current automated approach. CONCLUSION: AVADA advances automated retrieval of pathogenic monogenic variant evidence from full-text literature. Far from perfect, but much faster than PubMed/Google Scholar search, careful curation of AVADA-retrieved evidence can aid both database curation and patient diagnosis.


Assuntos
Processamento Eletrônico de Dados/métodos , Genômica/métodos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Gerenciamento de Dados/métodos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Humanos , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , PubMed , Publicações
6.
Ann Rheum Dis ; 78(12): 1722-1731, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31562126

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of a novel parenchymal lung disease (LD), increasingly detected in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). METHODS: In a multicentre retrospective study, 61 cases were investigated using physician-reported clinical information and centralised analyses of radiological, pathological and genetic data. RESULTS: LD was associated with distinctive features, including acute erythematous clubbing and a high frequency of anaphylactic reactions to the interleukin (IL)-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab. Serum ferritin elevation and/or significant lymphopaenia preceded LD detection. The most prevalent chest CT pattern was septal thickening, involving the periphery of multiple lobes ± ground-glass opacities. The predominant pathology (23 of 36) was pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and/or endogenous lipoid pneumonia (PAP/ELP), with atypical features including regional involvement and concomitant vascular changes. Apparent severe delayed drug hypersensitivity occurred in some cases. The 5-year survival was 42%. Whole exome sequencing (20 of 61) did not identify a novel monogenic defect or likely causal PAP-related or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-related mutations. Trisomy 21 and young sJIA onset increased LD risk. Exposure to IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors (46 of 61) was associated with multiple LD features. By several indicators, severity of sJIA was comparable in drug-exposed subjects and published sJIA cohorts. MAS at sJIA onset was increased in the drug-exposed, but was not associated with LD features. CONCLUSIONS: A rare, life-threatening lung disease in sJIA is defined by a constellation of unusual clinical characteristics. The pathology, a PAP/ELP variant, suggests macrophage dysfunction. Inhibitor exposure may promote LD, independent of sJIA severity, in a small subset of treated patients. Treatment/prevention strategies are needed.


Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/complicações , Pneumopatias/epidemiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Biópsia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
7.
Genet Med ; 21(2): 464-470, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29997393

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Exome sequencing and diagnosis is beginning to spread across the medical establishment. The most time-consuming part of genome-based diagnosis is the manual step of matching the potentially long list of patient candidate genes to patient phenotypes to identify the causative disease. METHODS: We introduce Phrank (for phenotype ranking), an information theory-inspired method that utilizes a Bayesian network to prioritize candidate diseases or genes, as a stand-alone module that can be run with any underlying knowledgebase and any variant filtering scheme. RESULTS: Phrank outperforms existing methods at ranking the causative disease or gene when applied to 169 real patient exomes with Mendelian diagnoses. Phrank's greatest improvement is in disease space, where across all 169 patients it ranks only 3 diseases on average ahead of the true diagnosis, whereas Phenomizer ranks 32 diseases ahead of the causal one. CONCLUSIONS: Using Phrank to rank all patient candidate genes or diseases, as they start working through a new case, will save the busy clinician much time in deriving a genetic diagnosis.


Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Computador , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/diagnóstico , Testes Genéticos , Fenótipo , Software , Benchmarking , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Exoma , Humanos , Bases de Conhecimento , Patologia Molecular/métodos
8.
Am J Med Genet A ; 176(4): 1030-1036, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29575631

RESUMO

Robinow syndrome (RS) is a well-recognized Mendelian disorder known to demonstrate both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance. Typical manifestations include short stature, characteristic facies, and skeletal anomalies. Recessive inheritance has been associated with mutations in ROR2 while dominant inheritance has been observed for mutations in WNT5A, DVL1, and DVL3. Through trio whole genome sequencing, we identified a homozygous frameshifting single nucleotide deletion in WNT5A in a previously reported, deceased infant with a unique constellation of features comprising a 46,XY disorder of sex development with multiple congenital malformations including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, ambiguous genitalia, dysmorphic facies, shortened long bones, adactyly, and ventricular septal defect. The parents, who are both heterozygous for the deletion, appear clinically unaffected. In conjunction with published observations of Wnt5a double knockout mice, we provide evidence for the possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance in association with WNT5A loss-of-function mutations in RS.


Assuntos
Alelos , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Craniofaciais/genética , Nanismo/diagnóstico , Nanismo/genética , Deformidades Congênitas dos Membros/diagnóstico , Deformidades Congênitas dos Membros/genética , Mutação com Perda de Função , Fenótipo , Anormalidades Urogenitais/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Urogenitais/genética , Proteína Wnt-5a/genética , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Mutação da Fase de Leitura , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Homozigoto , Humanos , Lactente , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mutação Puntual , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Avaliação de Sintomas , Ultrassonografia , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
10.
medRxiv ; 2024 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38826240

RESUMO

Methods that analyze single-cell paired RNA-seq and ATAC-seq multiome data have shown great promise in linking regulatory elements to genes. However, existing methods differ in their modeling assumptions and approaches to account for biological and technical noise-leading to low concordance in their linking scores-and do not capture the effects of genomic distance. We propose pgBoost, an integrative modeling framework that trains a non-linear combination of existing linking strategies (including genomic distance) on fine-mapped eQTL data to assign a probabilistic score to each candidate SNP-gene link. We applied pgBoost to single-cell multiome data from 85k cells representing 6 major immune/blood cell types. pgBoost attained higher enrichment for fine-mapped eSNP-eGene pairs (e.g. 21x at distance >10kb) than existing methods (1.2-10x; p-value for difference = 5e-13 vs. distance-based method and < 4e-35 for each other method), with larger improvements at larger distances (e.g. 35x vs. 0.89-6.6x at distance >100kb; p-value for difference < 0.002 vs. each other method). pgBoost also outperformed existing methods in enrichment for CRISPR-validated links (e.g. 4.8x vs. 1.6-4.1x at distance >10kb; p-value for difference = 0.25 vs. distance-based method and < 2e-5 for each other method), with larger improvements at larger distances (e.g. 15x vs. 1.6-2.5x at distance >100kb; p-value for difference < 0.009 for each other method). Similar improvements in enrichment were observed for links derived from Activity-By-Contact (ABC) scores and GWAS data. We further determined that restricting pgBoost to features from a focal cell type improved the identification of SNP-gene links relevant to that cell type. We highlight several examples where pgBoost linked fine-mapped GWAS variants to experimentally validated or biologically plausible target genes that were not implicated by other methods. In conclusion, a non-linear combination of linking strategies, including genomic distance, improves power to identify target genes underlying GWAS associations.

11.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 563, 2024 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38233398

RESUMO

Prioritizing disease-critical cell types by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with functional data is a fundamental goal. Single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) and gene expression (scRNA-seq) have characterized cell types at high resolution, and studies integrating GWAS with scRNA-seq have shown promise, but studies integrating GWAS with scATAC-seq have been limited. Here, we identify disease-critical fetal and adult brain cell types by integrating GWAS summary statistics from 28 brain-related diseases/traits (average N = 298 K) with 3.2 million scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq profiles from 83 cell types. We identified disease-critical fetal (respectively adult) brain cell types for 22 (respectively 23) of 28 traits using scATAC-seq, and for 8 (respectively 17) of 28 traits using scRNA-seq. Significant scATAC-seq enrichments included fetal photoreceptor cells for major depressive disorder, fetal ganglion cells for BMI, fetal astrocytes for ADHD, and adult VGLUT2 excitatory neurons for schizophrenia. Our findings improve our understanding of brain-related diseases/traits and inform future analyses.


Assuntos
Sequenciamento de Cromatina por Imunoprecipitação , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Humanos , RNA-Seq , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Cromatina/genética , Encéfalo , Análise de Célula Única
12.
Nat Genet ; 56(4): 615-626, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38594305

RESUMO

Translating genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci into causal variants and genes requires accurate cell-type-specific enhancer-gene maps from disease-relevant tissues. Building enhancer-gene maps is essential but challenging with current experimental methods in primary human tissues. Here we developed a nonparametric statistical method, SCENT (single-cell enhancer target gene mapping), that models association between enhancer chromatin accessibility and gene expression in single-cell or nucleus multimodal RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing data. We applied SCENT to 9 multimodal datasets including >120,000 single cells or nuclei and created 23 cell-type-specific enhancer-gene maps. These maps were highly enriched for causal variants in expression quantitative loci and GWAS for 1,143 diseases and traits. We identified likely causal genes for both common and rare diseases and linked somatic mutation hotspots to target genes. We demonstrate that application of SCENT to multimodal data from disease-relevant human tissue enables the scalable construction of accurate cell-type-specific enhancer-gene maps, essential for defining noncoding variant function.


Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Humanos , Alelos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Fenótipo , Cromatina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética
13.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Jan 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36747789

RESUMO

E3 ligases regulate key processes, but many of their roles remain unknown. Using Perturb-seq, we interrogated the function of 1,130 E3 ligases, partners and substrates in the inflammatory response in primary dendritic cells (DCs). Dozens impacted the balance of DC1, DC2, migratory DC and macrophage states and a gradient of DC maturation. Family members grouped into co-functional modules that were enriched for physical interactions and impacted specific programs through substrate transcription factors. E3s and their adaptors co-regulated the same processes, but partnered with different substrate recognition adaptors to impact distinct aspects of the DC life cycle. Genetic interactions were more prevalent within than between modules, and a deep learning model, comßVAE, predicts the outcome of new combinations by leveraging modularity. The E3 regulatory network was associated with heritable variation and aberrant gene expression in immune cells in human inflammatory diseases. Our study provides a general approach to dissect gene function.

14.
Nat Genet ; 55(12): 2255-2268, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38036787

RESUMO

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus plays a critical role in complex traits spanning autoimmune and infectious diseases, transplantation and cancer. While coding variation in HLA genes has been extensively documented, regulatory genetic variation modulating HLA expression levels has not been comprehensively investigated. Here we mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for classical HLA genes across 1,073 individuals and 1,131,414 single cells from three tissues. To mitigate technical confounding, we developed scHLApers, a pipeline to accurately quantify single-cell HLA expression using personalized reference genomes. We identified cell-type-specific cis-eQTLs for every classical HLA gene. Modeling eQTLs at single-cell resolution revealed that many eQTL effects are dynamic across cell states even within a cell type. HLA-DQ genes exhibit particularly cell-state-dependent effects within myeloid, B and T cells. For example, a T cell HLA-DQA1 eQTL ( rs3104371 ) is strongest in cytotoxic cells. Dynamic HLA regulation may underlie important interindividual variability in immune responses.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Humanos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único
15.
medRxiv ; 2023 Mar 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36993194

RESUMO

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus plays a critical role in complex traits spanning autoimmune and infectious diseases, transplantation, and cancer. While coding variation in HLA genes has been extensively documented, regulatory genetic variation modulating HLA expression levels has not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we mapped expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for classical HLA genes across 1,073 individuals and 1,131,414 single cells from three tissues, using personalized reference genomes to mitigate technical confounding. We identified cell-type-specific cis-eQTLs for every classical HLA gene. Modeling eQTLs at single-cell resolution revealed that many eQTL effects are dynamic across cell states even within a cell type. HLA-DQ genes exhibit particularly cell-state-dependent effects within myeloid, B, and T cells. Dynamic HLA regulation may underlie important interindividual variability in immune responses.

16.
Front Oncol ; 12: 929950, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36185212

RESUMO

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most treatment refractory and lethal malignancies. The diversity of endothelial cell (EC) lineages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) impacts the efficacy of antineoplastic therapies, which in turn remodel EC states and distributions. Here, we present a single-cell resolution framework of diverse EC lineages in the PDAC TME in the context of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and losartan. We analyzed a custom single-nucleus RNA-seq dataset derived from 37 primary PDAC specimens (18 untreated, 14 neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX + chemoradiotherapy, 5 neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX + chemoradiotherapy + losartan). A single-nucleus transcriptome analysis of 15,185 EC profiles revealed two state programs (ribosomal, cycling), four lineage programs (capillary, arterial, venous, lymphatic), and one program that did not overlap significantly with prior signatures but was enriched in pathways involved in vasculogenesis, stem-like state, response to wounding and hypoxia, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (reactive EndMT). A bulk transcriptome analysis of two independent cohorts (n = 269 patients) revealed that the lymphatic and reactive EndMT lineage programs were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. While losartan and proton therapy were associated with reduced lymphatic ECs, these therapies also correlated with an increase in reactive EndMT. Thus, the development and inclusion of EndMT-inhibiting drugs (e.g., nintedanib) to a neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimen featuring losartan and/or proton therapy may be most effective in depleting both lymphatic and reactive EndMT populations and potentially improving patient outcomes.

17.
Nat Genet ; 54(10): 1466-1469, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36138231

RESUMO

Several biobanks, including UK Biobank (UKBB), are generating large-scale sequencing data. An existing method, SAIGE-GENE, performs well when testing variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤ 1%, but inflation is observed in variance component set-based tests when restricting to variants with MAF ≤ 0.1% or 0.01%. Here, we propose SAIGE-GENE+ with greatly improved type I error control and computational efficiency to facilitate rare variant tests in large-scale data. We further show that incorporating multiple MAF cutoffs and functional annotations can improve power and thus uncover new gene-phenotype associations. In the analysis of UKBB whole exome sequencing data for 30 quantitative and 141 binary traits, SAIGE-GENE+ identified 551 gene-phenotype associations.


Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Frequência do Gene/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Fenótipo , Sequenciamento do Exoma
18.
Nat Genet ; 54(10): 1572-1580, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36050550

RESUMO

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unique insights into the pathology and cellular origin of disease. We introduce single-cell disease relevance score (scDRS), an approach that links scRNA-seq with polygenic disease risk at single-cell resolution, independent of annotated cell types. scDRS identifies cells exhibiting excess expression across disease-associated genes implicated by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We applied scDRS to 74 diseases/traits and 1.3 million single-cell gene-expression profiles across 31 tissues/organs. Cell-type-level results broadly recapitulated known cell-type-disease associations. Individual-cell-level results identified subpopulations of disease-associated cells not captured by existing cell-type labels, including T cell subpopulations associated with inflammatory bowel disease, partially characterized by their effector-like states; neuron subpopulations associated with schizophrenia, partially characterized by their spatial locations; and hepatocyte subpopulations associated with triglyceride levels, partially characterized by their higher ploidy levels. Genes whose expression was correlated with the scDRS score across cells (reflecting coexpression with GWAS disease-associated genes) were strongly enriched for gold-standard drug target and Mendelian disease genes.


Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Análise de Célula Única , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Herança Multifatorial/genética , RNA-Seq , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Triglicerídeos
19.
Nat Genet ; 54(10): 1479-1492, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36175791

RESUMO

Genome-wide association studies provide a powerful means of identifying loci and genes contributing to disease, but in many cases, the related cell types/states through which genes confer disease risk remain unknown. Deciphering such relationships is important for identifying pathogenic processes and developing therapeutics. In the present study, we introduce sc-linker, a framework for integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing, epigenomic SNP-to-gene maps and genome-wide association study summary statistics to infer the underlying cell types and processes by which genetic variants influence disease. The inferred disease enrichments recapitulated known biology and highlighted notable cell-disease relationships, including γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons in major depressive disorder, a disease-dependent M-cell program in ulcerative colitis and a disease-specific complement cascade process in multiple sclerosis. In autoimmune disease, both healthy and disease-dependent immune cell-type programs were associated, whereas only disease-dependent epithelial cell programs were prominent, suggesting a role in disease response rather than initiation. Our framework provides a powerful approach for identifying the cell types and cellular processes by which genetic variants influence disease.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genética Humana , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , RNA , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico
20.
Nat Genet ; 54(6): 827-836, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35668300

RESUMO

Disease-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generally do not implicate target genes, as most disease SNPs are regulatory. Many SNP-to-gene (S2G) linking strategies have been developed to link regulatory SNPs to the genes that they regulate in cis. Here, we developed a heritability-based framework for evaluating and combining different S2G strategies to optimize their informativeness for common disease risk. Our optimal combined S2G strategy (cS2G) included seven constituent S2G strategies and achieved a precision of 0.75 and a recall of 0.33, more than doubling the recall of any individual strategy. We applied cS2G to fine-mapping results for 49 UK Biobank diseases/traits to predict 5,095 causal SNP-gene-disease triplets (with S2G-derived functional interpretation) with high confidence. We further applied cS2G to provide an empirical assessment of disease omnigenicity; we determined that the top 1% of genes explained roughly half of the SNP heritability linked to all genes and that gene-level architectures vary with variant allele frequency.


Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética
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