RESUMO
Astragaloside IV, a prime active component of Astragalus membranaceus, has potential as a neuroprotectant. We aimed to identify the active ingredients in A. membranaceus and assess if Astragaloside IV can improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) cell apoptosis by reducing P-Src and P-GRK2 via ryanodine receptor (RyR) expression inhibition. We used bioinformatics analysis to examine the effects of A. membranaceus on ischemic stroke. We studied brain samples from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice treated with normal saline, Astragaloside IV, and sham mice for pathology and Western blot tests. We also tested PC12 cells in vitro with or without Astragaloside IV or GSK180736A using Western blotting and fluorescence assays. Our bioinformatics analysis suggested a possible association between A. membranaceus, calcium ion pathways, and apoptosis pathways. Western blot data indicated Astragaloside IV significantly decreased RyR, p-Src, and downstream phosphorylated GRK2, PLC, CaMKII, and IP3R levels in MCAO mice brains. Astragaloside IV also considerably inhibited pro-apoptotic and oxidative stress-associated proteins' expression while boosting anti-apoptotic protein expression. The results suggest Astragaloside IV can inhibit RyR expression, subsequently reducing brain cell apoptosis.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Canal de Liberação de Cálcio do Receptor de Rianodina , Saponinas , Triterpenos , Animais , Saponinas/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Canal de Liberação de Cálcio do Receptor de Rianodina/metabolismo , Canal de Liberação de Cálcio do Receptor de Rianodina/genética , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Células PC12 , Quinases da Família src/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/patologia , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
A new fluorescent sensor for the determination of lemon yellow was developed based on nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs), which were prepared via a hydrothermal method with dried pomelo peel and L-tyrosine. The N-CQDs exhibited the blue fluorescence with a quantum yield of 28 %. The sensing principle of N-CQDs was quenched by lemon yellow via static quenching. The potential interfering substances showed no influence on the detection of lemon yellow. The limit of detection was 0.023 mg/L and lower than that of national standard. Furthermore, the synthesized N-CQDs have been successfully applied to the measurement of lemon yellow in real samples. Hence, the N-CQDs would be a promising sensor in food analysis.