Correction to: Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention for Sleep Disturbances in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained errors. The errors induced during the production process are corrected. The correct keywords, figures and tables are given below.

Outcomes of a Behavioral Intervention for Sleep Disturbances in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of Bedtime Fading with Response Cost (BFRC) in decreasing sleep disturbances in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using parents as change agents by implementing treatment in the home environment. A non-concurrent multiple baseline design across three participants was used. Results indicate that BFRC was effective in eliminating unwanted co-sleeping, frequent night awakenings, and dependent sleep onset. Secondary improvements include reducing sleep onset latency, bedtime resistance, and disruptive sleep-related behaviors. Follow-up data demonstrate gains were maintained. Parents reported high satisfaction with BFRC and sleep outcomes for their children. This study extends both the practice and science of parent-implemented behavioral interventions as treatment options for children with ASD and co-occurring sleep disturbances.

A Methodological Discussion of Caffeine Research and Animal Avoidance Behavior.

Introduction: We present a review of the methodological aspects of caffeine research within animal tests of escape and avoidance behavior in the presence of aversive stimuli. Method: We highlight species, methods of caffeine administration, dosage, dependent measures, and research designs commonly used in this research. Results: Typical subjects were rodents and zebrafish, with species-specific vehicles of caffeine administration and dependent measures. Behavioral tests for escape and avoidance as a function of caffeine consumption were conceptually similar across species, although the arrangement of measures was necessarily adapted to the physiological contingencies of the different species. Discussion and Conclusions: Caffeine administration preceding the presentation of aversive stimuli generally, but not exclusively, enhanced the effect of escape and avoidance of aversive stimuli. The many commonalities in methods and results across species suggest similar methods may be relevant to human subjects as well.