Kefir and health: a contemporary perspective.

Kefir and its related products are renowned nutraceutical dairy products produced through fermentation of yeasts and bacteria naturally present in grains of kefir. The nutritional attributes of this self-carbonated beverage are due to presence of vital nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and some nutraceutical components. Antimicrobial activity, better gut health, anticarcinogenic activity, control on serum glucose and cholesterol, control on lactose intolerance and better immune system can be achieved through its regular consumption. Moreover, on the one side kefir is good dietetic beverage, and of particular interest of athletes, and on the other side the whole kefir is good for feeding small babies and pre-schoolers for good tolerance against disease and quick weight gain. Lots of works have been done on kefir from a health point of view. This study summarizes all the data that have been compiled to date. The purpose of this review is to gather information about microbiological, chemical, nutritional, and therapeutic aspects of kefir and kefir-like products to provide justification for its consumption. This review leads us to conclude that kefir begins a new dawn of food for the mankind.

2-(N-Phenyl-methane-sulfonamido)-ethyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(14)H(16)N(2)O(4)S, the eth-oxy-carbonyl group is nearly planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0067 Å, and is almost coplanar with the pyrrole ring [dihedral angle = 5.81 (15)°], whereas it is inclined at a dihedral angle of 61.90 (13)° to the phenyl ring. The dihedral angle between the pyrrole and phenyl rings is 56.15 (13)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules are linked into dimers by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming rings of R(2) (2)(10) graph-set motif. The dimers are further connected by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming layers parallel to the bc plane.

3-Phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-1-one.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(13)H(9)NO(2), is slightly twisted with a dihedral angle of 4.85 (9)° between the nine-membered ring system and the phenyl ring. The nine non-H atoms of the 1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-1-one system are coplanar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0122 (2) Å]. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions link mol-ecules into chains along [10]. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with a 0.48624 (9):0.51376 (9) domain ratio.

3-Methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-1-one.

In the title mol-ecule, C(8)H(7)NO(2), all the non-H atoms lie essentially in the same plane (r.m.s. deviation = 0.019 Å) In the crystal structure, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions link mol-ecules into chains along [100]. In addition, there are π-π stacking inter-actions between mol-ecules related by the c-glide plane, with alternating centroid-centroid distances of 3.434 (2) and 3.639 (2) Å.

N-[2-(3-Methyl-1-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl)eth-yl]methane-sulfonamide.

In the title compound, C(11)H(15)N(3)O(3)S, the dihedral angle between the five- and six-membered rings is 1.13 (18)°. The ethyl-methane-sulfonamide group is in a (+)synclinal conformation. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions link mol-ecules into zigzag ribbons parallel to the b axis. The ribbons are further connected by C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for determination of cefixime in oral pharmaceutical formulations.

A quick and reliable analytical method for the quantitative assessment of cefixime in orally administered pharmaceutical formulations is developed by using diamond cell attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as an easy procedure for quality control laboratories. The standards for calibration were prepared in aqueous medium ranging from 350 to 6000mg/kg. The calibration model was developed based on partial least square (PLS) using finger print region of FT-IR spectrum in the range from 1485 to 887cm(-1). Excellent coefficient of determination (R(2)) was achieved as high as 0.99976 with root mean square error of 44.8 for calibration. The application of diamond cell (smart accessory) ATR FT-IR proves a reliable determination of cefixime in pharmaceutical formulations to assess the quality of the final product.