Microbiome of infected cysts, feces and saliva in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Cyst infection is a frequent and serious complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hematogenous spread via bacterial translocation in the intestine is considered to be the main cause, so intestinal flora may be involved. However, the exact role of the intestinal flora in cyst infection in ADPKD is unknown. We report a 66-year-old woman and a 56-year-old man with ADPKD who had severe hepatic cyst infection. We analyzed the microbiome of infected cyst content, feces, and saliva in these two patients. The microbiome of patient 1 showed various bacteria in an infected cyst, whereas that of patient 2 showed only one bacterium. In both patients, the composition of the microbiome of the cyst content was quite different from those of feces and saliva, and the main bacteria in the infected cyst content represented a small proportion of those in feces and saliva. Lactobacilli were not almost detected in the infected cyst content though some lactobacilli are endemic in the gastrointestinal tract and the saliva. The association between bacteria in cysts and those in feces or saliva remains uncertain, and further research on this topic is needed.

Dysbiosis in the Salivary Microbiome Associated with IgA Nephropathy-|A| |Japanese Cohort Study.

IgA nephropathy is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease in Japan. Since the origin and mechanisms by which IgA nephropathy develops currently remain unclear, a confirmed disease diagnosis is currently only possible by highly invasive renal biopsy. With the background of the salivary microbiome as a rich source of biomarkers for systemic diseases, we herein primarily aimed to investigate the salivary microbiome as a tool for the non-invasive diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. In a comparison of salivary microbiome profiles using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, significant differences were observed in microbial diversity and richness between IgA nephropathy patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, recent studies reported that patients with IgA nephropathy are more likely to develop inflammatory bowel diseases and that chronic inflammation of the tonsils triggered the recurrence of IgA nephropathy. Therefore, we compared the salivary microbiome of IgA nephropathy patients with chronic tonsillitis and ulcerative colitis patients. By combining the genera selected by the random forest algorithm, we were able to distinguish IgA nephropathy from healthy controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90, from the ulcerative colitis group with AUC of 0.88, and from the chronic tonsillitis group with AUC of 0.70. Additionally, the genus Neisseria was common among the selected genera that facilitated the separation of the IgA nephropathy group from healthy controls and the chronic tonsillitis group. The present results indicate the potential of the salivary microbiome as a biomarker for the non-invasive diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.

Draft Genome Sequence of Butyricimonas faecihominis 30A1, Isolated from Feces of a Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Patient.

Butyricimonas faecihominis 30A1, a butyrate-producing bacterium, was isolated from feces of a Japanese Alzheimer's disease patient. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this organism. This paper is the first published report of the genomic sequence of a Butyricimonas sp.