Factors affecting subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on BASNEF model among older adults.

BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a primary prevention approach to preventing disease by disconnecting the transmission chain. The current study utilized a BASNEF model framework to identify factors influencing subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccination among older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in the west of Iran in May 2022. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling. Finally, 1120 participants contributed to the present study. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: a) Socio-demographic characteristics, b) cognitive impairments tests, and c) Questionnaire about the subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on the BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using the software IBM AMOS-20 and SPSS-23 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-tests were used, too. The significance level of statistical tests was regarded as less than 0.05. RESULTS: The presented results of analyzing 50% of the variance of vaccination intention as the dependent variable (R square = 0.497) and 10% of the behavior variance as the dependent variable (R square = 0.104) can be explained based on the BASNEF model. The enabling factors (ß = 0.636, p < 0.001) and the intention (ß = 0.322, p < 0.001) were important factors for subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in older adults. CONCLUSION: So, planning and implementing promotional intervention programs for older people (over 65; 80), females, illiterate, widows and divorced, good economic status, and urban areas is essential. It seems that enabling factors such as free vaccinations, vaccination inaccessible places such as public social security agencies, social supports such as involvement of the government and physicians, and improving information by the medium or knowledge-sharing experience, which can be further used to enhance the acceptance of subsequent doses of COVID-19 uptake in older adults.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of arsenic concentration in drinking water sources of Iran.

Recent studies have found arsenic contamination of drinking water in some parts of Iran, as in many other countries. Thus, a comprehensive systematic review is necessary to assess the distribution and concentration of arsenic in drinking water sources. For this purpose, articles published from the first identification until December 2023, were retrieved from various national and international databases. Of all the studies examined (11,726), 137 articles were selected for review based on their conceptual relationship to this survey. A review of the extracted studies presented that ICP methods (ICP-MS, ICP-OES, 56%) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS, 34.1%) were the two most commonly used techniques for the analysis of arsenic in water samples. The order of arsenic content in the defined study areas is descending, as follows: northwest ˃ southeast ˃ southwest ˃ northeast. A review of studies performed in Iran depicted that provinces such as Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, and Kerman have the highest arsenic concentrations in water resources. Accordingly, the maximum concentration of arsenic was reported in Rayen, Kerman, and ranged from < 0.5-25,000 µg/L. The primary cause of elevated arsenic levels in water resources appears to be geologic structure, including volcanic activity, biogeochemical processes, sulfur-bearing volcanic rocks, Jurassic shale, the spatial coincidence of arsenic anomalies in tube wells and springs, and, to some extent, mining activities. The findings of the presented survey indicate that it is essential to take serious measures at the national level to minimize the health risks of arsenic contamination from drinking water consumption.

Child exposure to domestic violence, substance dependence and suicide resilience in child laborers.

BACKGROUND: Child laborers are often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. Child laborers are one of the most vulnerable groups in domestic violence. Domestic violence severely affects the physical and mental health, and consequently affects substance dependence and resilience to suicide of these children. Accordingly, it is essential to examine domestic violence, substance dependence, and suicidal ideation in working children. OBJECTIVES: the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and substance dependence and suicide resilience on the other among child laborers in Iran. METHODS: This study employed cross-sectional research. 600 child laborers were selected via convenience and snow ball sampling from one rehabilitation and welfare center and three charity organization societies in the west of Iran, from January to August 2022. They completed questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and with using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and ANOVA, independent t-test and the multiple linear regression model with a backward strategy. RESULTS: Findings showed that exposure to domestic violence has a strong and direct correlation with substance dependence (r = 0.94, p < 0.001) and strong and indirect correlation with suicide resilience (r =- 0.91, p < 0.001). Also substance dependence has a strong and direct correlation with suicide resilience (r = -0.87, p < 0.001) in child laborers. Variables of substance dependence, suicide resilience, gender, guardian's disease status, living status and age can predict 76.51% of the variance in domestic violence in these children. CONCLUSION: Child laborers experience a lot of domestic violence, which severely affects their suicide resilience and substance dependence in them. Therefore, there is an urgent need for systematic support programs with content (teaching self-care behaviors, stress management, avoiding tense and violent environments) in order to support of these children and reduce domestic violence against them and subsequently reduce substance improve abuse resilience to suicide in these children.

Factors related to treatment adherence behaviors among old-age hemodialysis patients in Hamadan, Iran: the application of the extended theory of planned behavior during Covid-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the factors related to treatment adherence behaviors among old-age hemodialysis patients in Hamadan based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) during the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2021 in Hamadan, Iran. 191 hemodialysis patients were recruited who were referred to hemodialysis centers via the census method. Data were collected by a questionnaire containing items on socio-demographic information, End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence (ESRD-Adherence) Questionnaire, and ETPB constructs scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants was 62.49 (10.66). Also, the mean (SD) hemodialysis vintage/Month of them was 36.56 (43.34). Moreover, Treatment Adherence Behaviors are associated with education level, sex, and marital status (p < 0.001). Besides, Perceive Behavior Control (ß = 0.414, t-value = 3.810) associated with intention. Also, intention (ß = 0.158, t-value = 1.976) was associated to adherence behaviors. No significant associations were observed between positive attitudes, subjective norms, a perceived threat with intention, and adherence behaviors. The model explained about 54% of the variance of adherence behaviors. Finally, the goodness of fit index of 0.78, indicating the model good fit. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that some of the ETPB constructs such as perceived behavior control and intention are useful to improve adherence among the oldest hemodialysis patients. Also. This framework is revealed alongside the theory of planned behavior (TPB) applicable in the treatment adherence of old-age hemodialysis patients.

Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation and the risk of headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The effects of electromagnetic fields of mobile phones on headaches have attracted researchers during the last decades. However, contradictory results have been reported so far. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, major databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using suitable search terms and PRISMA guidelines to retrieve eligible studies for the effect of mobile phone use on headache. After the abstract and full-text screening, 33 studies were retrieved and the effect size in terms of odds ratio (OR) was extracted. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistic and Q test, while publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot and Egger's and Begg's tests. RESULTS: Among 33 eligible studies, 30 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. When considering all studies, the pooled effect size of OR = 1.30(95% CI 1.21-1.39) was obtained, while the heterogeneity between studies was significant. Subgroup analyses by considering the age of participants and EMF exposure duration were performed to find the source of heterogeneity. The odds ratios when the age of participants was the variable were 1.33 (95% CI 1.14-1.53) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.20-1.37), for ages > 18 and age ≤ 18 years, respectively. When EMF exposure duration was considered, subgroup analysis obtained the pooled effect size of OR = 1.41(95% CI 1.22-1.61) and 1.23(95% CI 1.12-1.34), for EMF exposure duration > 100 and ≤ 100 minutes per week, respectively. The pooled effect sizes emphasized the effect of mobile phone use on headaches for all ages and exposure durations. CONCLUSION: Results revealed that age and exposure duration (mainly call duration), both were the source of heterogeneity between studies. Furthermore, results showed that increasing call duration and mobile phone use in older individuals increased the risk of headache.

The Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog Associates with Collateral Development and Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Stroke Patients.

PURPOSE: Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway in oxidative stress condition has been acknowledged as a key trigger for angiogenesis and collateral vessel growth in the ischemic brain, and it exerts a protective effect on neuronal cells during oxidative stress. METHODS: A total of sixty patients (n = 30 good collateral profile and n = 30 poor collateral profile) diagnosed with acute cerebral ischemia were enrolled in this study. qRT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression levels of SHH, Gli1, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), genes. Also, the serum levels of oxidative stress markers were determined in experimental groups. RESULTS: The expression levels of SHH and Gli1 genes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in stroke patients with good collateral circulation compared with those with poor collateral circulation, while SOD gene expression was similar between two groups (p > 0.05). A significantly positive correlation was found between the gene expression of SHH and Gli1 (r = 0.604, p < 0.001), SOD and Gli1 (r = 0.372, p < 0.003) genes. Our findings showed that the serum level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Glutathione (GSH) and SOD enzyme activity was significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while serum total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in patients with good collateral circulation as compared with those with poor collateral circulation. CONCLUSION: Our observations shed light on the association of the SHH/Gli1 signaling pathway with cerebral collateral vessel development following ischemia. Oxidative stress in stroke patients with poor collateral circulation may result in the overexpression of SHH/Gli1 signaling pathway which possibly contribute to oxidative stress attenuation, as well as modulate angiogenesis and collateral vessels development.

Death anxiety, moral courage, and resilience in nursing students who care for COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Being on the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses and nursing students have been under considerable psychological stress and pressure. The present study is done to explore death anxiety, moral courage, and resilience in nursing students caring for COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran. METHODS: The present study is cross-sectional research conducted between September and December 2021. A total of 420 senior nursing students (nursing interns) who were undergoing their clinical training courses were invited to participate in the study by convenience sampling method from three hospitals affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences of Southern Iran. Data were collected using a demographics survey, Nurses' Moral Courage Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale.  RESULTS: The nursing students participating in this study had a death anxiety mean score of 12.78 ± 1.17. The results showed that there was a significant and indirect correlation between death anxiety on the one hand and moral courage (r = -0.91, p < 0.001) and resilience (r = -0.89, p < 0.001) on the other in nursing students caring for patients with COVID-19. Also, it was found that there was a significant and direct correlation between the students' resilience and moral courage scores (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The nursing students caring for COVID-19 patients had experienced high levels of death anxiety in the past few months. Considering the persistence of the COVID-19 crisis in Iran and other countries, there is an urgent need for measures to preserve and improve the physical, mental, and spiritual health of nursing students, enhance their moral courage and resilience and reduce their death anxiety.

Complementarity of surgical therapy, photobiomodulation, A-PRF and L-PRF for management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): an animal study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the complementarity of surgical therapy, photobiomodulation (PBM), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) for the management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). METHODS: Sixty rats underwent injection of zoledronate followed by left mandibular first and second molar extractions to induce MRONJ lesions. All rats were examined for the signs of MRONJ 8 weeks post-dental extraction. Forty-nine rats with positive signs of MRONJ were appointed to seven different groups as follows: control (Ctrl); surgery alone (Surg); surgery and PBM (Surg + PBM); surgery and A-PRF insertion (Surg + APRF); surgery and L-PRF insertion (Surg + LPRF); surgery, A-PRF insertion, and PBM (Surg + APRF + PBM); surgery, L-PRF insertion, and PBM (Surg + LPRF + PBM). Euthanasia was carried out 30 days after the last treatment session. The lesions' healing was evaluated clinically, histologically, and radiographically. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 14, and the statistical significance level was set at 5% for all cases. RESULTS: According to the present study, A-PRF and L-PRF treatment resulted in significant improvements in clinical, histological, and radiographical parameters compared to the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). The PBM also decreased wound dimensions and the number of empty lacunae compared to the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). Surg + APRF + PBM and Surg + LPRF + PBM were the only groups that presented a significantly higher mean number of osteocytes (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between A-PRF and L-PRF treatment groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection followed by applying A-PRF or L-PRF reinforced by PBM showed optimal wound healing and bone regeneration in MRONJ lesions.

Effects of Inhalation Aromatherapy With Rosa damascena (Damask Rose) on the State Anxiety and Sleep Quality of Operating Room Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: Although aromatherapy with damask rose can reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality in different conditions, no study has yet addressed its effects among operating room (OR) personnel. Considering the high level of workload among Iranian OR personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic which can affect their anxiety and sleep quality, this study evaluated the effects of damask rose aromatherapy on state anxiety and sleep quality among a population of Iranian OR personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A randomized, nonblinded, parallel-group controlled trial. METHODS: Eighty OR personnel were divided into the two groups of damask rose and placebo (paraffin oil) using the stratified randomization method. In the first aromatherapy session, the participants inhaled two drops of either damask rose oil or paraffin oil for 10 minutes at the beginning of their morning shift. Then, they attached an absorbent cloth napkin impregnated with 5 drops of products to the side of their pillow for 30 consecutive nights. The Spielberger state anxiety inventory (SAI) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were completed before random allocation (T1) and on the 31st day of the study (T3). Also, the SAI was completed 90 minutes after the end of the first aromatherapy session (T2). FINDINGS: The mean changes in the SAI score were significant compared to T1 both at T2 and T3 in favor of the damask rose group (P < .001 in two cases). Similarly, the mean change in PSQI score was significant compared to T1 at T3 in favor of the damask rose group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Damask rose can be effective in reducing state anxiety and improving sleep quality of OR personnel. Further studies are needed to determine the generalizability of the findings.

Dental caries experience in primary school-age children following "Students' Oral Health Promotion Program," Iran.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at determining the changes in dental caries experience in elementary school-age children following 5 years of the Students' Oral Health Promotion Program implementation. METHODS: In the present study, totally 2920 elementary school students participated and were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Based on the WHO Oral Health Survey Methods manual (4th edition), dental caries indices in primary and permanent teeth were assessed by clinical examination in schools. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and dental factors were collected through interviews based on questionnaire. The logistic and linear regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the elementary school children was 9.45 (1.71) years, and 1481 (50.7%) were boys. There was a significant difference between genders, age, dental pain experience and student's parent supervision with dmft, DMFT and their caries status. For 1-year increase in age, 1.67 times increase in DMFT and 0.33 decrease in dmft were predicted. Girls had higher odds of DMFT. In contrast, the odds of dmft for girls were significantly lower compared with boys. Students with dental pain experience had significantly higher odds of DMFT and dmft. The Significant Caries Index (SiC) score for permanent dentition in 12-year-old children was 5.47. Sex was significantly correlated with SiC index. The odds of developing Sic was 0.98 times lower in girls than in boys. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries was identified as a major public health problem among the elementary school students despite the implementation of the national project for oral health promotion.

Impact of Hope on Stroke Patients Receiving a Spiritual Care Program in Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study sought to examine the effect of a spiritual program on the hope of stroke patients in Iran. The present study was a randomized controlled trial that included 108 stroke patients referred to Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, in 2021. Participants were randomized to either the intervention group (n = 54) or control group (n = 54). The data were collected before the intervention by using the demographic information form, Snyder's Adult Hope Scale (AHS), the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), and after the intervention, the  Snyder's Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The intervention group received four sessions of 45-60 min (one session per week) that included a spiritual needs assessment, religious care, spiritual supportive care, and evaluation of benefits. After the intervention, a significant between-group difference was observed (p < 0.001). There was also a significant increase in the mean of hope scores in the intervention group from baseline to follow-up (within-group difference) (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between baseline and follow-up in the control group (p = 0.553). (IRCT 20160110025929N36 and date: 2021/09/27).

Worldwide prevalence of emerging parasite Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Blastocystis is one of the most common pathogens of the human intestine, caused by an emerging parasite, which can lead to severe symptoms and even death in immunocompromised patients. We aimed to determine the global prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in people with immunodeficiency. A systematic literature search was conducted on Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct and MEDLINE databases to select all observational studies reporting the prevalence of Blastocystosis infection in Worldwide, based on different diagnostic methods in immunocompromised patients of any age and published from inception to February 2019. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random effects models and in addition, the I2 statistic was calculated. The geographic distribution of studies was evaluated and the diagnosis of Blastocystis was compared by various techniques. Electronic databases were reviewed for Blastocystosis infection in HIV/AIDS, cancer and other immunocompromised patients, and meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the overall estimated prevalence. Total68 eligible studies were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10% (95% CI, 7-13%; I2 96.04%) (P < 0.001), of whom 21% [18-25] were in Australia, 12% [4-24] in America, 11% [6-17] in Europe and 10% [5-15], 7% [3-13] in Asia and Africa, respectively. It was calculated that the estimated pooled prevalence rate of Blastocystosis infection in immunocompromised patients was overall 10% and the prevalence estimates ranged from 0.44 to 72.39. Also, overall the prevalence of parasites co-infection in immunocompromised patients was detected as 0.024%. Our finding showed that immunocompromised people show a high prevalence of Blastocystosis infection compared to the control population. Adequate information on the prevalence rate is still missing from many countries. However, current information underscore that Blastocystis should not be neglected.

The lived experience of HIV-infected patients in the face of a positive diagnosis of the disease: a phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: AIDS as a human crisis may lead to devastating psychological trauma and stress for patients. Therefore, it is necessary to study different aspects of their lives for better support and care. Accordingly, this study aimed to explain the lived experience of HIV-infected patients in the face of a positive diagnosis of the disease. METHODS: This qualitative study is a descriptive phenomenological study. Sampling was done purposefully and participants were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was conducted, using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: 12 AIDS patients participated in this study. As a result of data analysis, 5 main themes and 12 sub-themes were identified, which include: emotional shock (loathing, motivation of social isolation), the fear of the consequences (fear of the death, fear of loneliness, fear of disgrace), the feeling of the guilt (feeling of regret, feeling guilty, feeling of conscience-stricken), the discouragement (suicidal ideation, disappointment), and the escape from reality (denial, trying to hide). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that patients will experience unpleasant phenomenon in the face of the positive diagnosis of the disease and will be subjected to severe psychological pressures that require attention and support of medical and laboratory centers.

Efficacy of chitosan-based chewing gum on reducing salivary S. mutans counts and salivary pH: a randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine chitosan-based chewing gum role on reducing salivary S. mutans counts and salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present double-blind randomised clinical trial with the trial registration number of IRCT20190724044319N1 was conducted on 36 dental students. The volunteers were, randomly, divided into two groups (n = 18) including: G1: intervention group (chitosan chewing gum) and G2: control group (placebo chewing gum). Each participant was given eight pieces of the chewing gum, and was asked to chew each gum piece for 5 min and this was repeated for eight times. Their Saliva was collected before and after chewing gums and the number of S. mutans colonies and salivary pH were determined. Data were analysed using SPSS (ver.21) and independent student t test. p Value less than .05 was set as significant. RESULTS: There was significant difference between two groups for the number of salivary S. mutans colonies (3.31*105  in the intervention group compared to 13.94*105 in the Control group) (p < .001). The salivary pH evaluation showed that salivary pH mean value in intervention group was not significant in compared with control group (p = .17). However, the chitosan chewing gum led to an increase in salivary pH by 0.17, which was statistically significant (p = .01). CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that chitosan chewing gum has a positive effect on the reduction of numbers of salivary S. mutans colonies but had no considerable effect on the increase of salivary pH.

Effectiveness of zinc chloride mouthwashes on oral mucositis and weight of patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis is one of the most emerging and debilitating complications of chemotherapy during the treatment period, which strongly affects the nutritional status and physical and mental condition of these patients. Zinc increased protein synthesis and improved cell membrane stability so passible effective in prevent and treat oral mucositis and promote oral health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc chloride mouthwash on the prevention, incidence, and severity of oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: The present study was a randomized control trial study. 96 patients with a cancer diagnosis selected from one oncology clinic in the west of Iran. Then they assigned randomly to the zinc chloride group and placebo group. The patients in each group should rinse their mouths every 8 h two times and each time 2 min with 7.5 ml from mouthwash. The severity of mucositis and weight loss examined blindly at the baseline and 3-week follow-up. RESULTS: The incidence and severity of oral mucositis between groups were significant higher at the end of the second (p < 0.002) and third (p < 0.001) week. The mucositis severity decreased well during the third weeks in the zinc chloride group. The difference in the weight loss was significant higher between the zinc chloride and the placebo group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Zinc chloride mouthwash was effective in preventing and reducing the severity of oral mucositis and improving weight in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Trial registration We can therefore recommend more studies examine the effects zinc chloride as preventive care at the beginning of chemotherapy to improve oral health and subsequently preventing weight loss in these patients.

Predictors of death in patients with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in West of Iran.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus. Our knowledge about the survival rate and prognostic factors of the disease is not established well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of COVID-19 mortality in Hamadan province in western Iran. Methods: In this study, we included all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases with known treatment outcomes in Hamadan province, Iran, between 20, 2020, to May 10, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, and treatment outcomes were obtained from computerized medical records and compared between survived cases and patients with death outcomes. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of death. Results: From 749 investigated patients, 77 patients (10.28%) died during the treatment. The Mean age of patients was 53.97±19.04 years. Multivariable logistic regression showed that males had 2.07 (95% CI: 1.73, 2.54) fold higher odds of death. Those with 60 years old and more had 6.49 (95% CI: 4.53, 7.93) fold higher odds of death. Patients with an underlying disease had 7.14 (95% CI: 6.94, 7.38) fold higher odds of death, and patients who were hospitalized in the ICU ward had 2.24 (95% CI: 1.75, 2.90) times higher odds of COVID-19 related mortality. Conclusion: The potential predictors of death in COVID-19 cases, including the male gender, older age, and having an underlying disease could help physicians to identify patients with poor prognoses at an early stage and better management of them.

Endometriosis and migraine headache risk: a meta-analysis.

There is high prevalence of both migraine and endometriosis; however, the association between both is controversial. This systematic review evaluated the association between endometriosis and the risk of migraine headache. A search was done of the following international electronic bibliographic databases including: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to May 2020. Heterogeneity among studies was determined by Q-test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were reported using the odds ratio (OR) estimate with its 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. The search identified 802 articles with 287,174 participants. There was a significant association between endometriosis and the risk of migraine headache (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.90). Based on the Newcastle Ottawa Statement Manual (NOS) scale, all studies had high quality. The findings showed that endometriosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of migraine headache. Future research should be focused on measures that could help to reduce the risk of migraine headache among women with endometriosis.

Accuracy and quality of immunization data in Iran: findings from data quality self-assessment survey in 2017.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and quality of immunization data on the pentavalent (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)) and MMR vaccines as the administrative data of the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in Iran. METHODS: We conducted a Data Quality Self-assessment (DQS) survey from October to December 2017. Standardized DQS tools were used to assess the accuracy of reported immunizations data and quality of the immunization monitoring system at the provincial level of the healthcare system including health houses, health posts, rural and urban health centers and district health centers. Multistage cluster random sampling with proportional to size (PPS) weights was used to select target provinces and related health units. Accuracy ratio, quality index (QI), completeness and relevant quality indices of first dose of MMR (MMR1) and third dose of pentavalent vaccines were reported. Corresponding period of the survey was limited to reported administrative immunization data during the first 6 months of 2016. RESULTS: In relation to accuracy ratio, there was some evidence of under reporting of pentavalent (3rd dose) and MMR1 vaccines in health house units which were 100.94 and 101.1%, respectively. Completeness of reporting for both vaccines at different provincial levels was near 100%. However, the corresponding value for pentavalent (3rd dose) and MMR1 vaccines at the level of urban health centers was 96.67 and 94.17% respectively. Among the five components of a monitoring system data usage and core output had the lowest QI scores in either rural or urban as well as district healthcare centers. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from our DQS survey reveals that administrative reporting of the immunization data was adequate at provincial and district levels of the healthcare centers. Although, addressing the existing concerns regarding timelines of the reporting by health authorities and staffs of EPI is warranted.

Intimate partner violence against Iranian women.

Background: . WHO has identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as a health priority as it has considerable consequences on the physical and psychological health of women. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of IPV in women of one of the central cities of Iran in addition to examining the effect of a women's job and spousal addiction on IPV. Methods: We did a cross-sectional study on 240 homemakers and nurse women, selected by a multistage random sampling method. Data were collected by a modified version of domestic violence CTS-2 of Straus questionnaire and were analysed by chi-square test and t test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of physical IPV as the most important type of violence. Results: The mean (SD) age of the women and their husbands was 33.1 (8) and 37.8 (8.7) years, respectively. Verbal (95.4%) and psychological (80.8%) violence were the most common while injury (14.6%) was the least prevalent. The prevalence of physical violence was 28.8%. Based on the regression model, economic problems, history of divorce in the woman's family and spousal addiction were the highest predictors of violence (p<0.05). Discussion: Spousal addiction was related to higher violence against women in physical, psychological and injury dimensions. Increase of family support, removal of economic disparities and tackling drug addiction could be effective in decreasing violence.

The relationship between smoking and dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis.

Many studies have investigated the potential association between smoking and dysmenorrhea. However, results from such studies have been inconsistent. In this study, we assessed the association between smoking and dysmenorrhea by meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search of the international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar by the MeSH heading and/or additional terms to obtain relevant studies published from 1990 until 2017. I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Pooled effects size was obtained using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. Data were analyzed through Stata software version 12 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). A total of fourteen studies were included in meta-analysis. A significant positive association was observed between current smoking and dysmenorrhea in both the unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 1.85) and adjusted models (AOR = 1.44; 95 percent CI: 1.18, 1.69). Also, the association between current smoking and primary dysmenorrhea was significant only in the unadjusted model (OR = 1.53; 95 percent CI: 1.21, 1.85). The pooled effects size showed a significant association between smoking and dysmenorrhea in the fourteen eligible studies. This provides a new approach for prevention from dysmenorrhea in females for policymakers.