Parental Warmth and Developmental Change in Familism Values: Latinx Adolescents in an Emerging Immigrant Community.

This study examined the developmental changes of familism values across adolescence among Latinx adolescents from an emerging immigrant community, and how changes in parental warmth were associated with changes in familism values. The sample included 547 Latinx adolescents. Multilevel model results indicated that familism values showed a linear decline from 6th to 10th grade. Between-person analyses showed that parental warmth was related to the higher initial levels of familism values but unrelated to changes in familism values. At the within-person level, on the occasions when adolescents report higher parental warmth, they also report higher familism values. This work highlights the importance of parental warmth for socializing developmental changes in Latinx adolescents' familism values in an emerging immigrant community context.

Parents' Empathic Accuracy: Associations With Type 1 Diabetes Management and Familism.

OBJECTIVE: To (1) test associations between parents' empathic accuracy for their adolescents' positive and negative emotions and adolescents' physical and mental health (HbA1c, diabetes self-care, and depressive symptoms) in a predominantly Latinx sample of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents, and (2) explore how familism values were associated with parent empathic accuracy and adolescent physical and mental health in this population. METHODS: Parents and adolescents engaged in a discussion about a topic of frequent conflict related to the adolescents' diabetes management. Parents and adolescents subsequently completed a video recall task in which they rated their own and their partner's emotions once per minute; parents' empathic accuracy was calculated from an average discrepancy between parent and adolescent ratings of the adolescent's emotions. Adolescents reported on their depressive symptoms and both parents and adolescents reported on adolescents' diabetes self-care and their own familism values; HbA1c was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Results from structural equation modeling revealed that parents' empathic accuracy for adolescents' negative (but not positive) emotions was uniquely associated with adolescents' HbA1c, self-care, and depressive symptoms. There was limited evidence that familism was related to parent empathic accuracy or adolescent physical and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting parents' empathic accuracy for adolescents' negative emotions in the context of type 1 diabetes management may have important implications for adolescents' mental and physical health.

U.S. Mexican-Origin Adolescents' Well-Being in the Context of Neighborhood White Concentration: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence.

To address injustices that privilege whiter neighborhoods, many advocate for residential integration. The developmental consequences of greater exposure to whiteness associated with integration, however, are unclear. Research examining BIPOC adolescent development within the context of intraindividual changes in neighborhood white concentration-the changes that take place if an adolescent moves to a whiter neighborhood or if their neighborhood becomes whiter-is needed. We examined trajectories of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of U.S. Mexican adolescents (N = 749; 48.9% girls; 70.2% born in the United States). When adolescents experienced an uptick in neighborhood white concentration, they experienced a corresponding uptick in externalizing symptoms. We discuss the impacts of navigating whiter neighborhoods for U.S. Mexican adolescent well-being.

Parent-Child Conflict Profiles in Chinese American Immigrant Families: Links to Sociocultural Factors and School-Age Children's Psychological Adjustment.

Research suggests that parent-child conflict is a salient family process in Asian immigrant families and often a stressful experience for Asian American youth due to value discrepancies between Asian and Western cultures. The present study examined ratings of parent-child conflict across conflict topics from parents' and children's perspectives in a sample of Chinese American immigrant families with school-age children (N = 239; age = 7.5-11 years). Latent profile analyses identified three parent-rated conflict profiles and four child-rated conflict profiles. Parent and child conflict profiles were unrelated to each other and differentially related to family sociocultural factors and children's psychological adjustment. Parents' moderate conflict profile scored highest on parent-rated child behavior problems and had the highest household density and lower parent Chinese orientation. Children's moderate-specific and high conflict profiles scored higher on child-reported behavior problems than the low conflict profile. These results highlight the need to assess family conflict from both parents' and children's perspectives and target parent-child conflict communication as a pathway to prevent or reduce behavioral problems in Chinese American children of immigrant families.

Las investigaciones sugieren que el conflicto entre padres e hijos es un proceso familiar destacado en las familias de inmigrantes asiáticos, y generalmente una experiencia estresante para los jóvenes estadounidenses de origen asiático debido a las discrepancias de valores entre las culturas asiáticas y occidentales. El presente estudio analizó las evaluaciones del conflicto entre padres e hijos entre varios temas de conflicto desde las perspectivas de los padres y los hijos en un muestra de familias de inmigrantes sinoestadounidenses con niños en edad escolar (N = 239; edad = 7.5 a 11 años). Los análisis de perfiles latentes identificaron tres perfiles de conflicto evaluados por los padres y cuatro perfiles de conflicto evaluados por los niños. Los perfiles de conflicto de los padres y los hijos no se relacionaron entre sí, y estuvieron asociados diferencialmente con los factores socioculturales familiares y con los resultados de la adaptación de los niños. El perfil de conflicto moderado de los padres tuvo el puntaje más alto en los problemas de comportamiento de los niños evaluados por los padres, tuvo la densidad familiar más alta y una menor orientación china de los padres. Los perfiles de conflicto alto y moderado-específico de los niños tuvieron un mayor puntaje en los problemas de comportamiento informados por los niños que el perfil de conflicto bajo. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de evaluar el conflicto familiar tanto desde las perspectivas de los padres como desde las de los niños y se centran en la comunicación de conflictos entre padres e hijos como vía para evitar o reducir los problemas de comportamiento en los niños sinoestadounidenses de familias inmigrantes.

Loneliness and sleep in everyday life: Using ecological momentary assessment to characterize the shape of daily loneliness experience.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness has been linked to an increased risk of sleep problems. Past research has largely relied on trait loneliness or daily recall loneliness when evaluating associations with sleep. OBJECTIVE: The present study extended this work by evaluating the patterns of loneliness throughout the day, including a daily average of all reports, a maximum value, and daily variation. These loneliness patterns predicted daily subjective and objective sleep measures to evaluate whether they provide unique insight to this relationship. METHODS: Undergraduate students (n = 71; 77% female; age 18-28) completed 2weeks of electronic surveys 4 times a day to assess loneliness. Each morning participants completed a diary of their prior night's sleep quality, as well as wore actigraphy devices to objectively assess sleep parameters. A total of 778 momentary surveys and 565days of actigraphy-assessed sleep data were collected. Multilevel models tested whether within-person daily aggregates of loneliness were associated with within-person daily sleep outcome variables. RESULTS: Subjective sleep duration, quality, and fatigue were significantly predicted by daily average loneliness. Subjective sleep latency, quality, and fatigue were significantly predicted by daily max loneliness. Only fatigue was significantly predicted by daily loneliness variability. No objective sleep measures were significantly predicted by daily loneliness measures. CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of daily loneliness focusing on central tendency (average) or intensity (max) were more consistently associated with subjective (but not objective) assessments of sleep than variability.

Familism values and psychological adjustment of Latinx adolescents in an emerging immigrant community: A five wave longitudinal study.

This study examined the relations between normative developmental changes of familism values and later internalizing and externalizing behaviors in Latinx adolescents from an emerging immigrant community. The sample included 547 Latinx adolescents (55.4% female; baseline Mage = 12.80; SD = 1.03) residing in the Southeastern United States. Results from latent growth models indicated that higher initial levels of familism values (intercept) and slower declines (slope) in familism values across adolescence predicted lower internalizing and externalizing behaviors at a later time. These associations generalized across adolescent gender (boys and girls) and ethnic background (Mexican-origin vs. other Latinx-origin). This work highlights the impact of variation in normative developmental changes in familism values on adjustment among Latinx adolescents in an emerging immigrant community context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparing multidimensional facets of stress with social, emotional, and physical well-being using ecological momentary assessment among a Hispanic sample.

Stress is multidimensional, including exposure, subjective appraisals, perceived coping, rumination, and worry. Although research has shown each dimension can predict poor social, emotional, and subjective well-being, rarely have these dimensions of stress been compared as one is experiencing stress. This paper used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to repeatedly measure stress dimensions and self-reported health to test whether each stress dimension has a unique relationship with well-being over time at the between-person and within-person levels. Participants (n = 165, 79.6% female) were Hispanic undergraduates, who completed EMAs twice a day for 14 consecutive days, resulting in 3,436 EMAs and 1,987 morning sleep observations. At each EMA, participants reported on the dimensions of stress, feelings of loneliness and belongingness (social well-being), levels of sadness, happiness, and anxiety (emotional well-being), and how healthy they felt (subjective well-being). Sleep quality and duration (subjective well-being) were assessed each morning. Multilevel models revealed few relationships at the between-person level. At the within-person level, appraisals, coping, rumination, and worry consistently predicted social, emotional, and subjective well-being. Lagged analyses suggested some relationships for appraisal, coping, and worry. Results suggest the importance of measuring stress in a multidimensional capacity and examining associations with well-being across multiple health facets.

Maternal psychological control and mother-adolescent conflict discussion quality: Different perceptions are key.

Parental psychological control is associated with poor adolescent outcomes, but little research has examined discrepancies between observed and perceived psychological control in predicting conversational outcomes. The present study used a multimethod, multi-informant approach to examine whether independent and joint associations between observer, adolescent, and mother perceptions of maternal psychological control during mother-adolescent conflict discussions were associated with adolescents' and mothers' perceptions of the quality of these conversations. Mother-adolescent dyads (N = 123 dyads) participated in a conflict discussion and subsequently reported on their satisfaction with the process and outcome of the discussion. Mothers' behavior was coded for psychological control and mothers and adolescents separately reported on mothers' psychological control during the discussion. Findings indicate that higher adolescent-perceived psychological control was associated with poorer adolescent- and mother-reported discussion quality controlling for overall relationship discord. Central to our hypotheses, observer, adolescent, and mother perceptions of psychological control significantly interacted with one another to predict discussion quality, though the specific pattern of findings varied across mother- and adolescent-reported discussion quality. Findings suggest that adolescent perceptions of discussion quality are poorest when adolescents attribute psychologically controlling behavior to mothers, particularly when mothers and outside observers report relatively lower levels of psychological control. This study highlights the importance of adolescent perceptions of parents' behavior and of obtaining information about behavior during parent-adolescent conversations from multiple reporters (observers, adolescents, and parents) to develop targeted interventions with parents and adolescents managing conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Horizontal Collectivism Moderates the Relationship Between in-the-Moment Social Connections and Well-Being Among Latino/a College Students.

Sleep problems and poorer well-being may be particularly salient for Latino/a college students as they tend to experience sociocultural adjustments during this transitory time. Social connections, a correlate of health, change moment-to-moment for college students and may be experienced differently for people who more strongly endorse horizontal collectivist cultural values. We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine how in-the-moment social connections influence in-the-moment health, and how horizontal collectivism moderates the moment-to-moment associations. Self-identified Latino/a college students (n = 221) completed a demographic information and cultural values questionnaire and then responded to EMA measures on their social connections, affective and subjective well-being, and sleep for 14 consecutive days. Better in-the-moment social connections associated with better health. Horizontal collectivism moderated some, but not all associations between social connections and health. Social connections are multidimensional and differently predict in-the-moment health among Latino/a college students who more strongly endorse horizontal collectivistic values. We discuss implications for identifying vulnerable well-being moments among this understudied population.

Intrusive Parenting in Chinese American Immigrant Families: Relations with Cultural Orientations and Children's Adjustment.

This multi-method study examined associations between observed and parent- and child-reported intrusive parenting, parent and child cultural orientations, and children's adjustment in a socioeconomically diverse sample of Chinese American immigrant families. Participants were 239 Chinese American school-aged children (M age = 9.19 years, range = 7.49 to 10.96 years) and their parents from first- and second-generation immigrant families. Parents and children reported on parents' intrusive parenting, their own cultural orientations, and parents and teachers reported on children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Observed intrusive parenting behaviors were coded from videotaped parent-child conflict discussions. Findings from path analysis indicated that there was a unique positive association between child Chinese orientation and child-reported intrusive parenting, a unique negative association between parents' American orientation and child reported intrusive parenting, and a unique positive association between child American orientation and observed intrusive parenting. Intrusive parenting was negatively associated with child adjustment, but associations varied depending on measurement. Findings suggest that different measures of intrusive parenting are differentially associated with children's adjustment in Chinese American immigrant families.