Outcomes of limited stage primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: a multicenter, retrospective study.

Primary bone diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) historically treated with induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative radiation therapy (RT). It remains unknown whether RT confers additional benefit following rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) induction in patients with limited-stage disease. We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients treated between 2005 and 2019 using rituximab-based CIT regimens with or without consolidative RT to discern whether consolidative RT adds benefit in patients with stage I-II disease that could be encompassed in one radiation field. A total of 112 patients were included: 78 received CIT and radiation (RT group), and 34 received CIT alone (no RT group). The OS at 10 years was 77.9% in the RT group and 89.0% in the no RT group (p = 0.42). The RFS at 10 years was 73.5% in the RT group and 80.3% in the no RT group (p = 0.88). Neither improved OS nor RFS was associated with the addition of consolidative RT. Subgroup analysis of patients only achieving a partial response after CIT suggests that these patients may benefit from consolidative RT.

Local Control of Cancers With Various Ablation Techniques.

Metastatic disease to the bone and soft tissue creates significant morbidity because of pain resulting in decreased functional status. Palliative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were historically the mainstays of pain reduction. Minimally invasive technologies such as image-guided ablation and cementoplasty have become common in interventional radiology. Advances in image guidance and ablation technologies have improved the multidisciplinary approach in the management of bone and soft-tissue disease. The minimally invasive nature of the interventions allows prompt initiation or continuation of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These safe and efficacious procedures have improved patient quality of life by decreasing pain and improving function.

Dipnictogen f-Element Chemistry: A Diphosphorus Uranium Complex.

The first isolation and structural characterization of an f-element dinitrogen complex was reported in 1988, but an f-element complex with the first heavier group 15 homologue diphosphorus has to date remained unknown. Here, we report the synthesis of a side-on bound diphosphorus complex of uranium(IV) using a 7λ3-(dimethylamino)phosphadibenzonorbornadiene-mediated P atom transfer approach. Experimental and computational characterization reveals that the diphosphorus ligand is activated to its dianionic (P2)2- form and that in-plane U-P π-bonding dominates the bonding of the U(µ-η2:η2-P2)U unit, which is supplemented by a weak U-P interaction of δ symmetry. A preliminary reactivity study demonstrates conversion of this diphosphorus complex to unprecedented uranium cyclo-P3 complexes, suggesting in situ generation of transient, reactive phosphido species.

Minimally Invasive Stabilization of Periacetabular Metastasis.

Metastatic bone disease to the pelvis can lead to lower quality of life and function secondary to pain. Historically, treatment was palliative with radiation therapy and chemotherapy used to reduce pain. The Harrington procedure and subsequent modifications improved pain and function. In the subset of patients with complications, this would delay potential life-prolonging interventions such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Percutaneous palliative pain procedures including ablation and cementoplasty have been developed by interventional radiology for pelvic lesions and have been shown to be safe and efficacious. Additionally, percutaneous methods of pelvic fracture fixation have been developed. Modern image guidance technologies have allowed an expanded multidisciplinary approach to pelvic metastatic disease in a minimally invasive fashion with combinations of ablation, internal fixation, and cementation to improve patient quality of life and outcomes with decreased morbidity and rapid return to radiation and systemic therapies.

Neoadjuvant radiation improves margin-negative resection rates in extremity sarcoma but not survival.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Radiation improves limb salvage in extremity sarcomas. Timing of radiation therapy remains under investigation. We sought to evaluate the effects of neoadjuvant radiation (NAR) on surgery and survival of patients with extremity sarcomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-institutional database was used to identify patients with extremity sarcomas undergoing surgical resection from 2000-2016. Patients were categorized by treatment strategy: surgery alone, adjuvant radiation (AR), or NAR. Survival, recurrence, limb salvage, and surgical margin status was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1483 patients were identified. Most patients receiving radiotherapy had high-grade tumors (82% NAR vs 81% AR vs 60% surgery; P < .001). The radiotherapy groups had more limb-sparing operations (98% AR vs 94% NAR vs 87% surgery; P < .001). NAR resulted in negative margin resections (90% NAR vs 79% surgery vs 75% AR; P < .0001). There were fewer local recurrences in the radiation groups (14% NAR vs 17% AR vs 27% surgery; P = .001). There was no difference in overall or recurrence-free survival between the three groups (OS, P = .132; RFS, P = .227). CONCLUSION: In this large study, radiotherapy improved limb salvage rates and decreased local recurrences. Receipt of NAR achieves more margin-negative resections however this did not improve local recurrence or survival rates over.

Is a Nomogram Able to Predict Postoperative Wound Complications in Localized Soft-tissue Sarcomas of the Extremity?

BACKGROUND: Postoperative wound complications are challenging in patients with localized extremity soft-tissue sarcomas. Various factors have been associated with wound complications, but there is no individualized predictive model to allow providers to counsel their patients and thus offer methods to mitigate the risk of complications and implement appropriate measures. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We used data from multiple centers to ask: (1) What risk factors are associated with postoperative wound complications in patients with localized soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremity? (2) Can we create a predictive nomogram that will assess the risk of wound complications in individual patients after resection for soft-tissue sarcoma? METHODS: From 2000 to 2016, 1669 patients undergoing limb-salvage resection for a localized primary or recurrent extremity soft-tissue sarcoma with at least 120 days of follow-up at eight participating United States Sarcoma Collaborative institutions were identified. Wound complications included superficial wounds with or without drainage, deep wounds with drainage because of dehiscence, and intentional opening of the wound within 120 days postoperatively. Sixteen variables were selected a priori by clinicians and statisticians as potential risk factors for wound complications. A univariate analysis was performed using Fisher's exact tests for categorical predictors, and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests were used for continuous predictors. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to train the prediction model that was used to create the nomogram. The prediction performance of the datasets was evaluated using a receiver operating curve, area under the curve, and calibration plot. RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounding factors such as comorbidities, functional status, albumin level, and chemotherapy use, we found that increasing age (odds ratio 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.03; p = 0.008), BMI (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; p = 0.004), lower-extremity location (OR 6; 95% CI, 2.87-12.69; p < 0.001), and neoadjuvant radiation (OR 2; 95% CI, 1.47-3.16; p < 0.001) were associated with postoperative wound complications (area under the curve 69.2% [range 62.8%-75.6%]). CONCLUSIONS: We found that age, BMI, tumor location, and timing of radiation are associated with the risk of wound complications. Based on these factors, a validated nomogram has been established that can provide an individualized prediction of wound complications in patients with a resected soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity. This may allow for proactive management with nutrition and surgical techniques, and help determine the delivery of radiation in patients with a high risk of having these complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study.

Percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of extra-abdominal desmoid tumors.

BACKGROUND: Desmoid tumors are rare locally invasive, benign neoplasms that develop along aponeurotic structures. Current treatment is complicated by associated morbidity and high recurrence rates. METHODS: A retrospective, single-institution review identified 23 patients (age: 16-77) with extra-abdominal desmoid tumors who received CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation as either a first-line (61%) or salvage (39%) treatment in 30 sessions between 2014 and 2018. Median maximal lesion diameter was 69 mm (range: 11-209). Intent was curative in 52% and palliative in 48%. Contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging was obtained before and after treatment in addition to routine clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all patients. The median follow-up was 15.4 months (3.5-43.4). Symptomatic improvement was demonstrated in 89% of patients. At 12 months, the average change in viable volume was -80% (range -100% to + 10%) and response by modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) was CR 36%, PR 36%, and SD 28% No rapid postablation growth or track seeding was observed. Four patients underwent repeat cryoablation for either residual or recurrent disease. Two patients sustained a major procedural complication consisting of significant neuropraxia. CONCLUSION: Cryoablation for desmoid tumors demonstrates a high degree of symptom improvement and local tumor control on early follow-up imaging with relatively low morbidity.

The role of radiation therapy and margin width in localized soft-tissue sarcoma: Analysis from the US Sarcoma Collaborative.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are often treated with resection and radiation (RT)±chemotherapy. The role of RT in decreasing resection width to achieve local control is unclear. We evaluated RT on margin width to achieve local control and local recurrence (LR). METHODS: From 2000 to 2016, 514 patients with localized STS were identified from the US Sarcoma Collaborative database. Patients were stratified by a margin and local control was compared amongst treatment groups. RESULTS: LR was 9% with positive, 4.2% with ≤1 mm, and 9.3% with >1 mm margins (P = .315). In the ≤1 mm group, LR was 5.7% without RT, 0% with preoperative RT, and 0% with postoperative RT (P < .0001). In the >1 mm group, LR was 10.2%, 0%, and 3.7% in the no preoperative and postoperative RT groups, respectively (P = .005). RT did not influence LR in patients with positive margins. In stage I-III and II-III patients, local recurrence-free survival was higher following RT (P = .008 and P = .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: RT may play a larger role in minimizing LR than margin status. In patients with positive margins, RT may decrease LR to similar rates as a negative margin without RT and may be considered to decrease the risk of LR with anticipated close/positive margins.

Does Vacuum-assisted Closure Reduce the Risk of Wound Complications in Patients With Lower Extremity Sarcomas Treated With Preoperative Radiation?

BACKGROUND: Although preoperative radiation followed by wide local excision yields excellent local control in soft tissue sarcomas, the risk of wound complications is reported to be higher compared with the incidence in patients who were administered postoperative radiation therapy. Vacuum (vac)-assisted closure may improve wound healing, but it is unknown whether vac-assisted closure during soft tissue sarcoma resection may reduce the risk of wound complications or impair local disease control. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Does the use of a wound vac application at the time of soft tissue sarcoma resection reduce the risk of developing wound complications after lower extremity sarcoma resection? (2) Is vac-assisted closure associated with an increased risk of local relapse? METHODS: From 2000 to 2016, 312 patients with stage I to III soft tissue sarcomas were treated. Of these, 123 were treated with preoperative radiation ± chemotherapy followed by limb-sparing resection based on tumor location, size, grade, histology, and patient age. There was a minimum followup of 12 months. Radiation was delivered generally based on tumor size, grade, superficial versus deep nature, and proximity to neurovascular structures. Chemotherapy was administered in patients < 70 years old with high-grade tumors and tumors > 5 cm. Patient, demographic, and treatment variables, including incisional vac application and wound outcomes, were retrospectively evaluated. Incisional vac-assisted closure took place at the time of primary resection in 32% (46 of 123) of patients. Vac-assisted closure was considered when there was a concern for risk of external contamination such as instances in which fixation of adhesives would be difficult or regions where there was a high risk of contamination. Vac-assisted closure may have also been used in instances with increased wound tension at closure or with heightened concern for shearing on the wound such as buttock wounds. Ten patients were lost to followup, two in the vac group and eight in the non-vac group. Potential factors associated with wound complications were evaluated using Fisher's exact test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Local recurrence-free survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate. RESULTS: After taking into consideration factors such as tumor size, location, age, and patient comorbidities, it was shown that patients who underwent vac-assisted closure were less likely to experience wound complications compared with patients who did not undergo vac-assisted closure (odds ratio, 0.129; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.041-0.398; p = 0.004). The local control incidence in the entire cohort was 98%. With the numbers available, Kaplan-Meier survivorship free from local recurrence did not differ between patients treated with or without the vac (100% [95% CI, 154.09-154.09] versus 96% [95% CI, 152.21-169.16]; p = 0.211), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Vac-assisted closure at the time of resection of proximal lower extremity soft tissue sarcomas is associated with a lower risk of wound complications, and its use apparently did not compromise local control. We show that the use of vac-assisted closure may be worth considering in surgeons' attempts to reduce the risk of wound complications among patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the proximal lower extremities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study.

NCCTG N0879 (Alliance): A randomized phase 2 cooperative group trial of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab ± everolimus for metastatic melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Despite the success of immune checkpoint and targeted therapy, many patients with melanoma ultimately require further treatment. The combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab (CPB) has demonstrated promising activity in a single-arm study. In the current study, the authors performed a randomized phase 2 study to confirm efficacy and to determine whether adding everolimus would increase the activity of the combination. METHODS: Through the North Central Cancer Treatment Group, a total of 149 patients with unresectable AJCC 6th edition stage IV melanoma were randomized from May 2010 to May 2014 to either CPB or CPB with everolimus (CPBE). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with secondary endpoints of overall survival (OS), response rate, and tolerability. RESULTS: The CPB and CPBE treatment arms were balanced with regard to age (median age: 59 years vs 58 years) and high lactate dehydrogenase (48% vs 51%), but were unbalanced with regard to sex (male sex: 72% vs 55%; P = .03). Overall, there was no difference noted with regard to PFS, with a median PFS of 5.6 months for CPB versus 5.1 months for CPBE (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.81-1.62 [P = .44]), or for OS, with a median OS of 14.5 months for CPB versus 10.8 months for CPBE (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.84-1.84). The confirmed response rate was 13% for CPB and 23% for CPBE (P = .13). Toxicity was higher for CPBE compared with CPB (83% for grade 3 + and 14% for grade 4 + vs 63% for grade 3 + and 11% for grade 4+, respectively) (toxicities were graded using the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). Common grade 3 + toxicities were neutropenia, leukopenia, and fatigue, which occurred in both treatment arms with comparable frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Both experimental arms demonstrated activity, with a PFS of >5 months. However, the addition of everolimus to CPB failed to improve outcomes, with increased toxicity noted. These findings replicate the moderate antitumor activity of CPB, with future development possibly in combination with targeted or immunotherapy. Cancer 2018;124:537-45. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Postoperative Day 1 Glucose May Be Associated With Wound Complications in Sarcomas Treated With Preoperative Radiation.

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled blood glucose impacts key phases of the wound healing process. Various factors have been associated with postoperative wound complications in soft tissue sarcomas; however, the association of postoperative early morning blood glucose with wound complications, if any, remains to be determined. Because blood glucose levels may be modified, understanding whether glucose levels are associated with wound complications has potential therapeutic importance. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate if postoperative early morning blood glucose is associated with the development of wound complications in soft tissue sarcomas; (2) to determine a blood glucose cutoff that may be associated with an increased risk of wound complications; and (3) to evaluate if patients with diabetes have higher postoperative blood glucose and an associated increased risk of wound complications. METHODS: From 2000 to 2015, 298 patients with Stage I to III soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity or chest wall were treated with preoperative radiation ± chemotherapy followed by limb-sparing resection. Of those, 191 (64%) patients had demographic, treatment, and postoperative variables and wound outcomes available; these patients' results were retrospectively evaluated. None of the 191 patients were lost to followup. Early morning blood glucose levels on postoperative day (POD) 1 were available in all patients. Wound complications were defined as those resulting in an operative procedure or prolonged wound care for 6 months postresection. Variables that may be associated with wound complications were evaluated using logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Receiver operative curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the early morning blood glucose level that best was associated postoperative wound complications. RESULTS: After controlling for potentially relevant confounding variables such as patient comorbidities, tumor size, and location, lower extremity soft tissue sarcomas (p = 0.002, odds ratio [OR], 6.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-20.84) and elevated POD 1 early morning blood sugars (p < 0.001; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11) were associated with increased wound complications postoperatively. ROC analysis revealed that early morning POD 1 blood glucose of > 127 mg/dL was associated with postoperative wound complications with a sensitivity of 89% (area under the curve 0.898, p < 0.001). Median POD 1 early morning blood glucose in patients without diabetes was 118 mg/dL and 153 mg/dL in patients with diabetes (p = 0.023). However, with the numbers available, there was no increase in wound complications in patients with diabetes compared with those without it. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides preliminary information suggesting that POD 1 early morning blood glucose in patients with soft tissue sarcomas may be associated with a slightly increased risk of postoperative wound complications. An early morning blood glucose of > 127 mg/dL may be a threshold associated with this outcome. Although patients with diabetes had higher POD 1 early morning blood glucose levels, diabetes itself was not associated with the development of wound complications. We cannot conclude that better glycemic control will reduce wound complications in patients who receive preoperative radiation, but our data suggest this should be further studied in a larger, prospective study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study.

Mimickers of Infantile Hemangiomas.

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common tumors of infancy and usually follow a typical course of growth and involution. We report four soft tissue tumors that were referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic as IHs and the process by which they were diagnosed and treated. Clinicians should be aware of presentations of these uncommon, but serious soft tissue tumors. Many of these mimickers have a vastly different clinical prognosis, and early intervention to limit sequelae is crucial. Biopsy of atypical lesions should be considered early in the diagnostic process since they have varied prognosis and treatment strategies.

Safety and Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Acetabular Stabilization for Periacetabular Metastatic Disease with Thermal Ablation and Augmented Screw Fixation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate minimally invasive acetabular stabilization (MIAS) with thermal ablation and augmented screw fixation for impending or minimally displaced fractures of the acetabulum secondary to metastatic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between February 2011 and July 2014, 13 consecutive patients underwent thermal ablation, percutaneous screw fixation, and polymethyl methacrylate augmentation for impending or nondisplaced fractures of the acetabulum secondary to metastatic disease. Functional outcomes were evaluated before and after the procedure using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system. Complications, hospital length of stay, and eligibility for chemotherapy and radiation therapy were assessed. RESULTS: All procedures were technically successful with no major periprocedural complications. The mean total MSTS score improved from 23% ± 11 before MIAS to 51% ± 21 after MIAS (P < .05). The mean MSTS pain scores improved from 0% (all) to 32% ± 22 after MIAS (P < .05). The mean MSTS walking ability score improved from 22% ± 19 to 55% ± 26 after MIAS (P < .05). Two complications occurred; a patient had a minimally displaced fracture of the superior pubic ramus at the site of repair but remained ambulatory, and septic arthritis was diagnosed in another patient 12 months after repair. The average length of hospital stay was 2 days ± 3.6; six patients were discharged within 24 hours of the procedure. All patients were eligible for chemotherapy and radiation therapy immediately after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: MIAS is feasible, improves pain and mobility, and offers a minimally invasive alternative to open surgical reconstruction.

Synthesis and characterization of an f-block terminal parent imido [U═NH] complex: a masked uranium(IV) nitride.

Deprotonation of [U(Tren(TIPS))(NH2)] (1) [Tren(TIPS) = N(CH2CH2NSiPr(i)3)3] with organoalkali metal reagents MR (M = Li, R = Bu(t); M = Na-Cs, R = CH2C6H5) afforded the imido-bridged dimers [{U(Tren(TIPS))(µ-N[H]M)}2] [M = Li-Cs (2a-e)]. Treatment of 2c (M = K) with 2 equiv of 15-crown-5 ether (15C5) afforded the uranium terminal parent imido complex [U(Tren(TIPS))(NH)][K(15C5)2] (3c), which can also be viewed as a masked uranium(IV) nitride. The uranium-imido linkage was found to be essentially linear, and theoretical calculations suggested σ(2)π(4) polarized U-N multiple bonding. Attempts to oxidize 3c to afford the neutral uranium terminal parent imido complex [U(Tren(TIPS))(NH)] (4) resulted in spontaneous disproportionation to give 1 and the uranium-nitride complex [U(Tren(TIPS))(N)] (5); this reaction is a new way to prepare the terminal uranium-nitride linkage and was calculated to be exothermic by -3.25 kcal mol(-1).

Two-electron reductive carbonylation of terminal uranium(V) and uranium(VI) nitrides to cyanate by carbon monoxide.

Two-electron reductive carbonylation of the uranium(VI) nitride [U(Tren(TIPS))(N)] (2, Tren(TIPS)=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3) with CO gave the uranium(IV) cyanate [U(Tren(TIPS))(NCO)] (3). KC8 reduction of 3 resulted in cyanate dissociation to give [U(Tren(TIPS))] (4) and KNCO, or cyanate retention in [U(Tren(TIPS))(NCO)][K(B15C5)2] (5, B15C5=benzo-15-crown-5 ether) with B15C5. Complexes 5 and 4 and KNCO were also prepared from CO and the uranium(V) nitride [{U(Tren(TIPS))(N)K}2] (6), with or without B15C5, respectively. Complex 5 can be prepared directly from CO and [U(Tren(TIPS))(N)][K(B15C5)2] (7). Notably, 7 reacts with CO much faster than 2. This unprecedented f-block reactivity was modeled theoretically, revealing nucleophilic attack of the π* orbital of CO by the nitride with activation energy barriers of 24.7 and 11.3 kcal mol(-1) for uranium(VI) and uranium(V), respectively. A remarkably simple two-step, two-electron cycle for the conversion of azide to nitride to cyanate using 4, NaN3 and CO is presented.

Outcomes and complications of postoperative seroma cavities following soft-tissue sarcoma resection.

Introduction: Seroma development is a known complication following extremity and trunk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) resection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize seroma outcomes and the development of associated complications. Methods: A retrospective review of 123 patients who developed postoperative seromas following STS resection at a single institution was performed. Various patient and surgical factors were analyzed to determine their effect on overall seroma outcomes. Results: 77/123 seromas (62.6%) were uncomplicated, 30/123 (24.4%) developed infection, and 16/123 (13.0%) were symptomatic and required aspiration or drainage for symptom relief at an average of 12.2 months postoperatively. 65/123 (52.8%) seromas resolved spontaneously at an average time of 12.41 months. Seromas in the lower extremity (p=0.028), surgical resection volume >864 cm3, (p=<0.001) and initial seroma volume >42 cm3 (p=<0.001) increased the likelihood of infection. 90% of infected seromas developed the infection within the first three months following initial resection. No seromas which were aspirated or drained ultimately developed an infection following these procedures, though 50% recurred. Discussion: Most seromas following STS resection are uncomplicated and do not require intervention, though a large resection cavity >864 cm3 and a large seroma volume >42 cm3 are risk factors for complications.

Vastus lateralis flap reconstruction after girdlestone arthroplasty: thirteen consecutive cases and outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Pressure ulcers are found in approximately 4.7% of hospitalized populations. Up to 12.3% of hospitalized populations are at risk for developing these wounds. Decubitus ulcers are more common among the inpatient spinal cord injury group, with prevalence rates up to 30%. Surgical intervention is required when bone or the hip joint becomes involved. Girdlestone arthroplasty is a procedure that excises affected proximal femur and acetabular tissues; however, this resection typically results in a sizeable defect. The vastus lateralis flap has been extensively reviewed as a soft tissue filler option for this deficit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen consecutive cases from a single institution using the vastus lateralis muscle flap reconstruction after Girdlestone arthroplasty were reviewed. A search of internal records identified 11 patients with 13 vastus lateralis flap reconstructions performed immediately after Girdlestone arthroplasty for stage 4 ulcers or chronic, infected wounds affecting the hip joint. All patients involved were subjected to a similar standardized post-procedure activity schedule. Complications were defined as minor (superficial wound breakdown) or major (requiring further operative procedures to close the wound). RESULTS: The majority of patients were male (91%) with a mean age of 43 years at the time of the procedure. All wounds involved the hip joint proper. Ninety-one percent of the patients had a history of spinal cord deficits. Thirty-one percent of the flaps had minor, superficial wound breakdown. Another 31% of the reconstructions required an additional operative procedure for major wound complications. One patient's wound was from multiple prior failed hip replacements. He eventually became ambulatory using a walker after reconstruction. Ultimately, 69% of the flaps healed satisfactorily without the need for further operative intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical debridement is required for chronic wounds involving the proximal femur, acetabulum, and hip joint. This review demonstrates that the use of a single-stage procedure including Girdlestone arthroplasty with immediate vastus lateralis muscle flap reconstruction is a practical treatment option for chronic wounds involving the acetabular joint. The use of a postoperative protocol and subsequent sitting schedule contributed to the success of these reconstructions. Overall, this procedure is applicable to spinal cord injury/pathology patients and to failed total hip arthroplasty patients for future assisted ambulation.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for metastatic sarcoma to the lung: adding to the arsenal of local therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Conventional treatment of pulmonary metastatic sarcoma primarily involves surgery, with systemic therapy added in select patients. However, broader applications of radiation therapy techniques have prompted investigation into the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for treatment of metastatic sarcoma, an attractive non-invasive intervention with potential for lower rates of adverse events than surgery. Current data are limited to retrospective analyses. This study analyzed 2-year local control and overall survival and adverse events in patients prospectively treated with SBRT to pulmonary sarcoma metastases. METHODS: Patients prospectively treated with SBRT to the lung for biopsy-proven metastatic sarcoma at a single institution from 2010 to 2022 were included. SBRT dose/fractionation treatment regimens ranged from 34 to 54 Gy in 1-10 fractions using photons. Local recurrence, local progression-free survival (LPFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the end of SBRT. Univariable analysis (UVA) was performed using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Adverse events due to SBRT were graded based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. RESULTS: Eighteen patients with metastatic sarcoma were treated to 26 pulmonary metastases. The median local progression-free survival was not met. The median overall survival was not met. The local control rate at 2 years was 96%. 2-year LPFS was 95.5% and OS was 74%. Three patients (16.7%) developed grade 1 adverse events from SBRT. There were no adverse events attributed to radiation that were grade 2 or higher. CONCLUSION: We report prospective data demonstrating that SBRT for sarcoma pulmonary metastases affords a high rate of local control and low toxicity, consistent with prior sarcoma SBRT retrospective data. This study adds to the wealth of information on SBRT in a radioresistant tumor. Though largely limited to retrospective reviews, current data indicate high rates of local control with favorable toxicity profiles. Therefore, SBRT for pulmonary sarcoma metastases may be considered for properly selected patients.

Natural history of intraosseous low-grade chondroid lesions of the proximal humerus.

Introduction: Enchondromas and grade 1 chondrosarcomas are commonly encountered low-grade chondroid tumors in the proximal humerus. While there is a concern for malignant transformation, few studies have evaluated the natural history of these lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural history of proximal humerus low-grade chondroid lesions managed both conservatively and surgically, and to define management criteria using clinical and radiographic findings for these low-grade chondroid lesions. Methods: The patient population included 90 patients intended for conservative treatment and 22 patients proceeding directly to surgery. Data collection was based on a combination of chart review and patient imaging and descriptive statistics were calculated for each group. Results: No malignant transformations were noted amongst any group. In the conservative treatment group, 7 of 64 (11%) progressed to surgery after an average of 20.3 months of conservative treatment due to persistent pain unexplained by other shoulder pathology. Importantly, 71% experienced continued pain at a mean of 53.1 months post-operatively. The group that went directly to surgery also demonstrated pain in 41% at an average follow-up of 57.3 months. Discussion: Low-grade cartilaginous lesions of the proximal humerus without concerning imaging findings can be managed with conservative treatment and the risk of malignant transformation is very low. Patients with a clear source of their shoulder pain unrelated to their tumor and without concerning characteristics on imaging can be managed with serial annual radiographic imaging. Patients undergoing surgery for these indolent tumors are likely to experience persistent pain even after surgery.

Outcome comparison between muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps after secondary orthopedic procedures.

Lower extremity wounds associated with fractures and bony defects often require secondary orthopedic procedures after flap coverage has been performed. In this study, we compare complications between muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps after secondary orthopedic procedures. A retrospective chart review study of all lower extremity soft tissue reconstructions by a single surgeon over seven years yielded a subgroup of patients who underwent secondary orthopedic procedures, including hardware removal, hardware revision, and bone grafting after flap reconstruction. Of 355 lower extremity, soft tissue reconstructions for orthopedic coverage performed in the time period studied, 102 patients underwent secondary orthopedic procedures after flap reconstruction. Of these, 54 received muscle flaps (52.94%), and 48 received fasciocutaneous flaps (47.06%). Using this subgroup of 102 patients, we compared muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps using three categories of wound complications following these secondary procedures: There were no superficial wounds requiring local wound care only in the muscle flap group (0%, n = 0) versus 4.17% (n = 2; p = 0.130) in the fasciocutaneous flap group. There were 2 lost flaps requiring surgical debridement and additional skin grafting in the muscle flaps group (3.70%) versus 2 (4.17%; p = 0.904) in the fasciocutaneous flap group. In the third category, flap loss requiring additional soft tissue reconstruction was 18.52% (n = 10) in the muscle group versus 2.08% (n = 1; p = 0.008) in the fasciocutaneous flap group. Our data support the existing literature indicating that fasciocutaneous flaps can tolerate secondary procedures better than muscle flaps and should initially be considered in patients with higher probability of needing additional orthopedic procedures after reconstruction.