[The controversial Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of plant growth promoting species and plant, animals and human pathogens]. / El controvertido complejo Burkholderia cepacia, un grupo de especies promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y patógenas de plantas, animales y humanos.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of 22 species, which are known as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people, especially those suffering from cystic fibrosis. It is also found in nosocomial infections and is difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. The species have large genomes (up to 9 Mbp), distributed into 2-5 replicons. These features significantly contribute to genome plasticity, which makes them thrive in different environments like soil, water, plants or even producing nodules in legume plants. Some B. cepacia complex species are beneficial in bioremediation, biocontrol and plant-growth promotion. However, because the B. cepacia complex is involved in human infection, its use in agriculture is restricted. B. cepacia complex is being constantly studied due to the health problems that it causes and because of its agricultural potential. In this review, the history of B. cepacia complex and the most recently published information related to this complex are revised.

In vivo relationship between pelvis motion and deep fascia displacement of the medial gastrocnemius: anatomical and functional implications.

Different authors have modelled myofascial tissue connectivity over a distance using cadaveric models, but in vivo models are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pelvic motion and deep fascia displacement in the medial gastrocnemius (MG). Deep fascia displacement of the MG was evaluated through automatic tracking with an ultrasound. Angular variation of the pelvis was determined by 2D kinematic analysis. The average maximum fascia displacement and pelvic motion were 1.501 ±â€…0.78 mm and 6.55 ±â€…2.47 °, respectively. The result of a simple linear regression between fascia displacement and pelvic motion for three task executions by 17 individuals was r = 0.791 (P < 0.001). Moreover, hamstring flexibility was related to a lower anterior tilt of the pelvis (r = 0.544, P < 0.024) and a lower deep fascia displacement of the MG (r = 0.449, P < 0.042). These results support the concept of myofascial tissue connectivity over a distance in an in vivo model, reinforce the functional concept of force transmission through synergistic muscle groups, and grant new perspectives for the role of fasciae in restricting movement in remote zones.

Effects of neonatal fentanyl on late adolescent opioid-mediated behavior.

Introduction: Because of the steady increase in the use of synthetic opioids in women of childbearing age, a large number of children are at risk of exposure to these drugs prenatally or postnatally through breast milk. While there is older literature looking at the effects of morphine and heroin, there are relatively few studies looking at the long-term effects of high-potency synthetic opioid compounds like fentanyl. Thus, in the present study, we assessed whether brief exposure to fentanyl in male and female rat pups during a period roughly equivalent to the third trimester of CNS development altered adolescent oral fentanyl self-administration and opioid-mediated thermal antinociception. Methods: We treated the rats with fentanyl (0, 10, or 100 µg/kg sc) from postnatal day (PD) 4 to PD 9. The fentanyl was administered daily in two injections given 6 h apart. After the last injection on PD 9, the rat pups were left alone until either PD 40 where they began fentanyl self-administration training or PD 60 where they were tested for morphine- (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or U50,488- (0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) induced thermal antinociception. Results: In the self-administration study, we found that female rats had more active nose pokes than male rats when receiving a fentanyl reward but not sucrose alone solution. Early neonatal fentanyl exposure did not significantly alter fentanyl intake or nose-poke response. In contrast, early fentanyl exposure did alter thermal antinociception in both male and female rats. Specifically, fentanyl (10 µg/kg) pre-treatment increased baseline paw-lick latencies, and the higher dose of fentanyl (100 µg/kg) reduced morphine-induced paw-lick latencies. Fentanyl pre-treatment did not alter U50,488-mediated thermal antinociception. Conclusions: Although our exposure model is not reflective of typical human fentanyl use during pregnancy, our study does illustrate that even brief exposure to fentanyl during early development can have long-lasting effects on mu-opioid-mediated behavior. Moreover, our data suggest that females may be more susceptible to fentanyl abuse than males.

Flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS): technique and results.

OBJECTIVES: This paper has two main objectives: First, to expose the URS technique used in our Department because there are important differences with respect to others centres published, explaining same aspect that can benefit to the better development of the technique. Second, we present the results of a series of 100 cases. Flexible ureterorenoscopy (Flex URS) has been little used to date, mainly because of the technical difficulties created by the deficient quality of the instruments used, such as ureteroscopes offering scant visibility, poor illumination, a small working channel, deficient quality of the forceps and baskets, etc. METHODS: We present our recent series of flexible URS for the treatment of renal lithiasis. We performes a retrospective analysis of this treatment corresponding to the period between January 2007 and March 2010. In this period we have treated 100 patients. The medium size of the stone treated is 1.5cm (0.5-6cm) and we used ureteroscopic protector sheath in all cases. The lithotripter system used in all cases was Ho:YAG Laser with 200 and 365 micras fibers RESULTS: The stone-free rate (SFR) in the immediate postoperative period was 77% (77/100 patients). Residual stones, defined as stone fragments visualized in the operating room via fluoroscopy and directly with the flexible ureteroscope. Three months after surgery, the SFR was 92.7% (89/96 patients) confirmed by intravenous urography. Regarding complications, we had 5 patients with ureteral lesions during protector sheath pass and 9 patients that presented at the emergency room with pain secondary to the double J catheter. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible URS for of renal lithiasis can be defended in stones measuring up to 2 cm in diameter, based on our treatment algorithm.

El controvertido complejo Burkholderia cepacia, un grupo de especies promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y patógenas de plantas, animales y humanos / The controversial Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of plant growth promoting species and plant, animals and human pathogens

El complejo Burkholderia cepacia está formado por 22 especies conocidas como patógenos oportunistas en personas inmunocomprometidas, especialmente en aquellas con fibrosis quística. También se aíslan de infecciones nosocomiales y son difíciles de erradicar debido a su capacidad intrínseca para resistir una gran variedad de antibióticos. En general, estas especies presentan genomas de gran tamaño (hasta 9 Mpb) divididos en 2-5 replicones. Esta característica aporta una gran versatilidad metabólica, que se considera importante para habitar el suelo, el agua, las plantas, incluso los nódulos en leguminosas. Algunas especies del complejo B. cepacia exhiben actividades benéficas, como biorremediación, biocontrol y promoción del crecimiento vegetal. No obstante, debido a su papel en infecciones de humanos, su uso en la agricultura está restringido. El complejo B. cepacia es un tema constante de estudio debido a su impacto en el sector salud y su potencial en la agricultura. En este trabajo se examina la historia del complejo B. cepacia y se revisa la información reciente relacionada con este grupo de bacterias.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of 22 species, which are known as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised people, especially those suffering from cystic fibrosis. It is also found in nosocomial infections and is difficult to eradicate due to intrinsic resistance to several antibiotics. The species have large genomes (up to 9 Mbp), distributed into 2-5 replicons. These features significantly contribute to genome plasticity, which makes them thrive in different environments like soil, water, plants or even producing nodules in legume plants. Some B. cepacia complex species are beneficial in bioremediation, biocontrol and plant-growth promotion. However, because the B. cepacia complex is involved in human infection, its use in agriculture is restricted. B. cepacia complex is being constantly studied due to the health problems that it causes and because of its agricultural potential. In this review, the history of B. cepacia complex and the most recently published information related to this complex are revised.

Reforma de salud: un desafío para la kinesiología / Health reform: a challenge for the physical therapy

Las Reformas de Salud, pueden ser definidas como procesos orientados a introducir cambios sustantivos en diferentes instancias, niveles y funciones del sector, a través de estrategias y acciones, con el fin último de satisfacer mejor las necesidades de salud de la población. Los procesos de reforma han marcado los sistemas de salud en la mayoría de las regiones del mundo, durante al menos las dos últimas décadas. Los contenidos de las reformas propuestas, y los procesos en sí , se han desarrollado, en relación a las características particulares de cada región y país, y acorde con el contexto político, económico y social de cada uno. Aún a pesar de esto, se observan características comunes entre distintas regiones y países en el mundo, que responden fundamentalmente a los modelos económicos imperantes durante estas décadas, ya las reformas del Estado en su conjunto, que ellos conllevan.

Postura del Colegio de Kinesisólogos y Departamento de Salud de la Federación de Colegios Profesionales Universitarios de Chile en relación a los emplazamientos del Consejo Asesor de la Presidencia para la Calidad de la Educación / Position of Physical Therapists College of Chile in relation to the positioning of Presidency Advisory Council for the Education Quality

Con motivo de la audiencia con el Consejo Asesor Presidencial para la Calidad de la Educación de la República de Chile, celebrada el día miércoles 2 de agosto del 2006 y en la cual en mi calidad Presidente del Colegio de Kinesiólogos de Chile y representante del Departamento de Salud de la Federación de Colegios Profesionales Universitarios de Chile, me tocó exponer fundamentadamente la postura de los Colegios Profesionales de la Salud en relación a la LOCE y solicitar expresamente al Consejo Asesor Presidencial su apoyo al Proyecto de Ley que hemos promovido para la modificación del Artículo 52 de la LOCE. El Consejo Asesor formuló las preguntas generadas en esa reunión, que el Departamento de Salud debía responder en forma escrita dentro de un plazo conocido. La elaboración del documento-respuesta se hizo en conjunto con los miembros de los demás Colegios miembros del Departamento de Salud y concitó además la participación de la mayoría de los miembros del Directorio Nacional. En términos generales este es el documento enviado al Comité Asesor Presidencial con fecha viernes 11 de agosto, el que paso a detallar en relación al texto general y la Kinesiología.