May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Venezuela, Latin America.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Venezuela. Raised blood pressure (BP) accompanied by diabetes mellitus, obesity, lipid abnormalities, and tobacco usage are the biggest contributors to mortality. The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign is a global initiative aimed to raising awareness of hypertension, which has been conducted in Venezuela since 2017. MMM2019 included 24 672 subjects (mean age: 54.7 years, SD 25.2, 63.1% female). The proportion with hypertension was 48.9%; 14.3% were unknown hypertensives, 35.5% of those who receiving treatment had uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg); when considering all hypertensives, 53.3% were controlled. Sixty per cent of those on anti-hypertensive medication were on monotherapy, 27.7% were on two, and 7.7% were on three or more drugs. Body mass index, calculated for the total population, was on average 25.6 (SD: 4.8) kg/m2. 16.2% of participants were classified as obese, 34.0% as overweight, and 4.0% were classified as underweight. Diabetes mellitus was reported by 9.4%, smoking by 7.3%, and 10.5% reported drinking alcohol regularly. Conditions associated with higher BP levels were obesity, diabetes mellitus, and women with a history of hypertension during a previous pregnancy. These results are consistent with the two previous MMM campaigns and indicate that repeated screening can routinely identify hypertension. There is an urgent need for Venezuela to implement programmes of detection, treatment, and control not only for hypertension but also for other common cardiovascular risk factors.

Results of May Measurement Month 2018 campaign in Venezuela.

Cardiovascular diseases, mainly coronary heart disease and stroke, are the main cause of death in Venezuela; hypertension is the primary risk factor. The May Measurement Month (MMM) study is a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of elevated blood pressure (BP). The previous MMM 2017 campaign showed 48.9% of participants had hypertension, higher than previous Venezuelan epidemiological studies. The MMM 2018 campaign included 28 649 participants screened [mean age: 54.2 (SD 15.13) years; female 62.8%] carried out mainly in pharmacies in 61 sites. Physical measurements included height, weight, and BP, taken in sitting position three times. After multiple imputations, 48.4% had hypertension, of which 87.7% were aware of their diagnosis. Of the individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 14.0% had hypertension and 33.7% of those receiving treatment had uncontrolled hypertension. Overall, the percentage of hypertensives with controlled hypertension was 54.8%. Body mass index was calculated for the total population, and it was on average 25.2 (SD: 4.65) kg/m2. Of all, 14.2% was classified as obese and 32.6% as overweight; meanwhile 4.8% as underweight. Diabetes was reported by 9.5%. These results suggest that repeated screening like the MMM campaign can routinely identify hypertension and consequently implement programmes of treatment in Venezuela, also other common risk factors, like obesity or diabetes.

Results of the May Measurement Month 2017: blood pressure campaign in Venezuela-Americas.

Cardiovascular diseases, mainly coronary heart disease and stroke, are the first cause of death in Venezuela; and hypertension is the main risk factor. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of elevated blood pressure (BP) and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of regular screening programmes. Some representative studies indicate prevalence of hypertension in Venezuela between 24 and 39%, and control rate around 20%. Sixty-four sites were included to participate in MMM, mainly in pharmacies. Physical measurements included height, weight, and abdominal circumference. Blood pressure was measured in the sitting position three times after resting for 5 min, 1 min apart, using validated oscillometric devices. 21 644 individuals were screened. After multiple imputation, 10 584 individuals [48.9% (50.7% male; 47.7% female)] had hypertension. Of individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 1538 (12.2%) were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication, 2974 (32.9%) had uncontrolled BP. About 16% had obesity calculated by body mass index; 43.8% of women and 20.7% of men had abdominal obesity. This was the largest BP screening carried out in Venezuela, in which 48.9% of the individuals had elevated BP, untreated hypertension was 12.2%, and one-third of subjects taking treatment were not controlled. About 16% had obesity by body mass index, and abdominal obesity is more common in women. These results suggest that repeated screening like MMM17 can identify hypertension in important numbers and can also evaluate programmes of hypertension treatment and control in Venezuela.

II norma venezolana para el monitoreo ambulatorio de presión arterialy automedición de presión arterial / II venezuelan norms for ambulatory monitoring of arterial pressure and self measurement

Durante los últimos 30 años el monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial ha pasado de ser un método selectivo de investigación farmacológica a ser un método invaluable en el diagnóstico y valoración terapéutica del paciente hipertenso. Sin embargo, ha habido una variedad de criterios en la evaluación e interpretación de los resultados; de ahí la necesidad de presentar el estado del arte en cuanto al uso de esta metodología en la práctica clínica. Los valores de normalidad de la presión arterial medida a través del monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial se diferencian de aquellos tomados en la consulta y en el hogar; así como, si se hacen durante el período de vigilia o sueño. La II Norma Venezolana para el Monitoreo Ambulatorio de la Presión Arterial y Monitoreo de Presión en el Hogar reportalos valores considerados normales; las indicaciones de su uso; la interpretación de los resultados; los equipos validados y recomendados en los ámbitos mundiales y nacionales; así los datos mínimos que debe poseer el reporte del monitoreo ambulatorio de la presión arterial.

During the past 30 years ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has gone from being a selective method of pharmacological research to a valuable method for the diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of patients with hypertension. However, there area variety of criteria for the evaluation and interpretation of results; hence the need for a state of the art approach to the use of this methodology in clinical practice. Normal blood pressure values measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring are different from those obtained in the clinic and in the home; as well as, during periods of wakefulness and sleep. The II Venezuelan Standards for Ambulatory Monitoringof Arterial Pressure and Monitoring of Pressure in the Home provide normal values; indications for use; interpretation of results; validated equipment as well as global and national recommendations; and the minimum data that a report should contain.

Experiencia con holter de presión arterial en 24 horas resultados preliminares (1) / Experience with holter of blood pressure in 24 hours: prelimminary results (1)

Con la finalidad de realizar una evaluación preliminar de los resultados obtenidos con el Holter de Presión Arterial, se realizó un corte en los primeros cincuenta (50) pacientes, quienes habían sido referidos para monitorización de su Presión Arterial; con la meta de clasificarlos, evaluar tratamiento y observar grado de tolerancia al método. Del primer grupo el 52 por ciento resultaron ser normotensos y del segundo grupo el 68 por ciento continuaban siendo hipertensos a pesar de la terapéutica instituida. El 86 por ciento (P " 0,05) de los pacientes presentó buen grado de tolerancia, sólo 2 (4 por ciento ) presentaron molestias severas que interfirieron con su actividad diaria y sueño, sin embargo el registro de su presión arterial, los clasificó como Normotensos. Se concluye que el monitoreo de Presión Arterial continuo en 24 horas es un método confiable, seguro, sin contraindicaciones, bien tolerado y permite el mismo hacer diagnóstico y clasificación precisa de la Hipertensión Arterial, así como evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento permitiendo hacer las modificaciones terapéuticas necesarias