HGD: an integrated homologous gene database across multiple species.

Homology is fundamental to infer genes' evolutionary processes and relationships with shared ancestry. Existing homolog gene resources vary in terms of inferring methods, homologous relationship and identifiers, posing inevitable difficulties for choosing and mapping homology results from one to another. Here, we present HGD (Homologous Gene Database, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/hgd), a comprehensive homologs resource integrating multi-species, multi-resources and multi-omics, as a complement to existing resources providing public and one-stop data service. Currently, HGD houses a total of 112 383 644 homologous pairs for 37 species, including 19 animals, 16 plants and 2 microorganisms. Meanwhile, HGD integrates various annotations from public resources, including 16 909 homologs with traits, 276 670 homologs with variants, 398 573 homologs with expression and 536 852 homologs with gene ontology (GO) annotations. HGD provides a wide range of omics gene function annotations to help users gain a deeper understanding of gene function.

EWAS Open Platform: integrated data, knowledge and toolkit for epigenome-wide association study.

Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) has become a standard strategy to discover DNA methylation variation of different phenotypes. Since 2018, we have developed EWAS Atlas and EWAS Data Hub to integrate a growing volume of EWAS knowledge and data, respectively. Here, we present EWAS Open Platform (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ewas) that includes EWAS Atlas, EWAS Data Hub and the newly developed EWAS Toolkit. In the current implementation, EWAS Open Platform integrates 617 018 high-quality EWAS associations from 910 publications, covering 51 phenotypes, 275 diseases and 104 environmental factors. It also provides well-normalized DNA methylation array data and the corresponding metadata from 115 852 samples, which involve 707 tissues, 218 cell lines and 528 diseases. Taking advantage of integrated knowledge and data in EWAS Atlas and EWAS Data Hub, EWAS Open Platform equips with EWAS Toolkit, a powerful one-stop site for EWAS enrichment, annotation, and knowledge network construction and visualization. Collectively, EWAS Open Platform provides open access to EWAS knowledge, data and toolkit and thus bears great utility for a broader range of relevant research.

High-Performance Heterogeneous Thermocatalysis Caused by Catalyst Wettability Regulation.

Catalyst wettability regulation has emerged as an attractive approach for high catalytic performance for the past few years. By introducing appropriate wettability, the molecule diffusion of reactants and products can be enhanced, leading to high activity. Besides this, undesired molecules are isolated for high selectivity of target products and long-term stability of catalyst. Herein, we summarize wettability-induced high-performance heterogeneous thermocatalysis in recent years, including hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, hybrid hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity, and superaerophilicity. Relevant reactions are further classified and described according to the reason for the performance improvement. It should be pointed out that studies of utilizing superaerophilicity to improve heterogeneous thermocatalytic performance have been included for the first time, so this is a comparatively comprehensive review in this field as yet.

Black blooms-induced adaptive responses of sulfate reduction bacteria in a shallow freshwater lake.

Decomposing cyanobacterial bloom-induced black blooms been seen as an issue in the management of freshwater ecosystems, but its effect on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in shallow freshwater lakes is not clear. The objective of this study is to present an in-depth investigation of black bloom effects on the activities and composition of SRB, as well as the interactions between SRB and other bacteria. Water and surface sediments samples were collected from a shallow freshwater lake during black and non-black blooms. Sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) in the water column were determined from the linear regression of sulfate depletion with time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCRs), targeting the dsrA gene and Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA, were used to estimate the SRB population and SRB community structures, respectively. Our data indicate that although a higher abundance of SRB was responsible for the higher SRR in the bottom water (34.09 ±â€¯2.37 nmol mL-1 day-1) than in the surface water (14.57 ±â€¯2.91 nmol mL-1 day-1) during black blooms, cell-specific sulfate reduction rates (csSRRs) in the distinct water layers were not significantly different (P = 0.95), with the value of approximately 0.017 fmol cell-1 day-1. Additionally, Desulfomicrobium and Desulfovibrio were the two main genera of SRB in the water column during black bloom season, while Desulfobulbus, Desulfobacca and Desulfatiglans genera were identified in the sediments of both the black and non-black blooms in genera pools. Each SRB genus preferentially associated with bacteria for specific functions in the bacterial co-occurrence network, regardless of whether black booms occurred or not. These results extend our knowledge on the importance of SRB during black blooms and the adaptation of SRB to environmental changes in freshwater lakes.

EWAS Data Hub: a resource of DNA methylation array data and metadata.

Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) has become an effective strategy to explore epigenetic basis of complex traits. Over the past decade, a large amount of epigenetic data, especially those sourced from DNA methylation array, has been accumulated as the result of numerous EWAS projects. We present EWAS Data Hub (https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ewas/datahub), a resource for collecting and normalizing DNA methylation array data as well as archiving associated metadata. The current release of EWAS Data Hub integrates a comprehensive collection of DNA methylation array data from 75 344 samples and employs an effective normalization method to remove batch effects among different datasets. Accordingly, taking advantages of both massive high-quality DNA methylation data and standardized metadata, EWAS Data Hub provides reference DNA methylation profiles under different contexts, involving 81 tissues/cell types (that contain 25 brain parts and 25 blood cell types), six ancestry categories, and 67 diseases (including 39 cancers). In summary, EWAS Data Hub bears great promise to aid the retrieval and discovery of methylation-based biomarkers for phenotype characterization, clinical treatment and health care.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline by coupling α-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composite and H2O2 under visible light.

Antibiotic pollutants have posed a huge threat to the ecological environment and human health. In this work, α-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composite was prepared and coupled with H2O2 for the rapid and efficient degradation of doxycycline (DOX) in water under visible light irradiation. The composite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity and 80.5% of DOX could be degraded in 120 min. The addition of H2O2 significantly improved the degradation efficiency of DOX under visible light, resulting in 79.0% of it degraded within 30 min, and the degradation rate constant of DOX was 3.6 times than that without H2O2. On the one hand, the Z-scheme heterojunction of α-Bi2O3/g-C3N4 promoted the separation rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the composite. On the other hand, the improvement of photocatalytic efficiency also benefited from the extra hydroxyl radicals generated by the reaction of photogenerated electrons with H2O2 in the photocatalytic system. Free radicals trapping experiments and electron spin resonance tests proved that played prominent role in the degradation process. After adding H2O2, OH also became important active species. Cyclic degradation experiments demonstrated the recyclability of the composite photocatalyst in DOX elimination applications. This work provides an efficient, clean, and recyclable purification strategy for removing antibiotic contaminants from water.

EWAS Atlas: a curated knowledgebase of epigenome-wide association studies.

Epigenome-Wide Association Study (EWAS) has become increasingly significant in identifying the associations between epigenetic variations and different biological traits. In this study, we develop EWAS Atlas (http://bigd.big.ac.cn/ewas), a curated knowledgebase of EWAS that provides a comprehensive collection of EWAS knowledge. Unlike extant data-oriented epigenetic resources, EWAS Atlas features manual curation of EWAS knowledge from extensive publications. In the current implementation, EWAS Atlas focuses on DNA methylation-one of the key epigenetic marks; it integrates a large number of 329 172 high-quality EWAS associations, involving 112 tissues/cell lines and covering 305 traits, 1830 cohorts and 390 ontology entities, which are completely based on manual curation from 649 studies reported in 401 publications. In addition, it is equipped with a powerful trait enrichment analysis tool, which is capable of profiling trait-trait and trait-epigenome relationships. Future developments include regular curation of recent EWAS publications, incorporation of more epigenetic marks and possible integration of EWAS with GWAS. Collectively, EWAS Atlas is dedicated to the curation, integration and standardization of EWAS knowledge and has the great potential to help researchers dissect molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modifications associated with biological traits.

The relationship between molecular structure and supramolecular morphology in the self-assembly of rod-coil molecules with oligoether chains.

Controlling the morphology of rod-coil molecular aggregates is crucial for studying and obtaining functional materials with exceptional properties. In this paper, we report the construction of rod-coil molecular nanoaggregates with well-defined structures. The rod-coil molecules, labeled 1a-1d, consist of a rod section, composed of phenyl and biphenyl groups, and oligoether chains with 7 and 12 repeating units. The final assembled structures showed either oblique or hexagonal columnar structures, depending on the length of the coils in the bulk state. Interestingly, in water, molecules 1a and 1c self-assemble into scrolled nanofibers and cylindrical micelles. Instead, molecules 1b and 1d, which have methyl groups decorated at the interface of the rod and coil sections, self-organize into helical nanofibers and nanorings, respectively. Thus, controlling the length of the coil chains and inserting lateral methyl groups is an effective strategy to construct precise rod-coil molecular assemblies in the bulk and in aqueous solution.

Imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus combined EBV/CMV viraemia.

OBJECTIVES: Infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Excessive use of glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and immune disturbances associated with lupus itself lead to reduced immune function with consequent increases in opportunistic infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). A recent study showed that an imbalance between T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells is a major cause of autoimmune disease. However, the relationship between Th17/Treg imbalance and SLE combined with EBV and/or CMV is unknown. Here, we investigated lymphocyte subsets, especially CD4+ T cells, in patients with SLE combined with EBV/CMV viraemia. METHODS: The clinical records of 36 SLE patients with EBV and/or CMV viraemia (SLE infection group), hospitalised at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, were analysed. As controls, we selected 20 healthy subjects (healthy control group), 30 SLE patients without infection (SLE non-infection group), and 20 patients with other non-SLE connective tissue diseases with EBV/CMV viraemia (non-SLE infection group), the controls were age-matched with the SLE infection group. The absolute numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: There were significant decreases in Th17 and Treg levels in the SLE infection group compared to the SLE non-infection group and non-SLE infection group. Similarly, the absolute numbers of Th17 (p=0.003) and Treg (p<0.001) cells in the SLE infection group were markedly decreased compared to the healthy controls, although the difference in Th17/Treg cell ratio was not significant. The absolute number of Treg cells (p=0.001) was decreased in the SLE non-infection group compared to the healthy controls, leading to a higher Th17/Treg cell ratio in the former group (p=0.018). There was no significant difference in the absolute number of Th17 cells between the SLE non-infection group and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The monitoring of lymphocytes and CD4+ T cell subsets, especially Th17 and Treg cells, may be helpful for identifying EBV/CMV infection in SLE patients. The results presented here suggest that, in addition to Treg, Th17 may also be crucial in the Th17/Treg imbalance seen in patients with SLE combined with EBV and/or CMV viraemia. A decrease in Th17 cells may be an important feature of EBV and/or CMV infection in SLE. Appropriate immunomodulatory therapy for CD4+ T cell subsets based on antiviral therapy may be beneficial for SLE patients with EBV and/or CMV viraemia.

IL-17A upregulates P-glycoprotein expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis through TAK1.

OBJECTIVES: P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug efflux is the most essential mechanism of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study was undertaken to clarify the mechanism whereby IL-17 regulate the P-gp efflux function in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RA. METHODS: Lymphocytes from RA patients and healthy individuals were cultured with IL-17A (0, 10, 100 ng/ml), IL-17A+(5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol (TAK1 inhibitor), and IL-17A+PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), respectively. 24h later, the level of P-gp mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes was detected by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the efflux potential of P-gp was assessed by flow cytometry using the fluorescent dye Rhodamine 123, a substrate of P-gp. In order to confirm whether the inhibitors had worked, ERK1/2 and p65, as well as their phosphorylation were detected utilising Western blot analysis. RESULTS: With the exception of the expression of P-gp mRNA between control and IL-17A group, the mRNA expression, as well as the function of P-gp in the different group of healthy individuals was similar, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05). However, as for the RA patients, increased expressions of P-gp mRNA and efflux function were detected in IL-17A group compared with control. Moreover, IL-17A upregulated mRNA level and function of P-gp in a concentrate dependent manner. Upregulated expression of P-gp mRNA and efflux potential of P-gp were inhibited by TAK1 or ERK inhibitors in RA peripheral blood lymphocytes. Among them, TAK1 inhibitor, (5Z) -7-Oxozeaenol, showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Also, the decreased phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p65 were detected with PD98059 and (5Z) -7-Oxozeaenol addition, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that inflammatory cytokines IL-17A can upregulate the mRNA expression level and drug efflux function of P-gp on lymphocytes in RA patients through TAK1, in a concentrate dependent manner, contributing to RA drug resistance. Therefore, this may represent a new target for improving the therapeutic reactivity of DMARDs in the long term for RA patients.

Sirolimus selectively increases circulating Treg cell numbers and restores the Th17/Treg balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients with low disease activity or in DAS28 remission who previously received conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

OBJECTIVES: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial players in the prevention of autoimmunity. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling negatively controls the development and function of Treg cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of rapamycin, under the generic name sirolimus, on CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with low disease activity or in DAS28 remission. METHODS: Fifty-five RA patients and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All patients had previously received conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and were considered to have a low DAS28 score (≤3.2). Peripheral blood samples and clinical information were obtained at baseline and following 6 and 12 weeks of sirolimus treatment, or after 12 weeks of conventional treatment. Peripheral blood samples were also obtained from the healthy controls. The circulating levels of lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients received sirolimus and 20 patients continued treatment with conventional DMARDs. The absolute counts and proportions of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells were significantly lower in all RA patients with DAS28 ≤ 3.2 as compared with those in healthy controls. By contrast, the difference in circulating Th17 cell numbers was not significant. Sirolimus administration resulted in elevations in circulating Treg cell numbers and significant reductions in the Th17/Treg cell ratio, whereas the circulating level of Treg cells and the Th17/Treg cell ratio in patients under conventional treatment both showed a tendency of reduction. Furthermore, a greater proportion of patients under sirolimus treatment achieved DAS28-based remission at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Sirolimus can favourably expand Treg cells in RA patients with DAS28 ≤3.2, consequently restoring a healthy balance of Th17/Treg cells, which might improve the likelihood of long-term and sustained clinical remission and reduce the probability of disease flare-ups in RA.

Effects of copper on the growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthesis of spinach seedlings.

Examination of plants with strong Cu tolerance and an understanding of their Cu-tolerance mechanisms are of considerable significance for the remediation of Cu-contaminated soil. Although spinach may be a plant with strong Cu tolerance, the threshold of Cu tolerance in this plant and its physiological response mechanisms to Cu are still unclear. In this study, we examined that the effects of different Cu concentrations on the growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis of spinach seedlings. The results showed that when treated with a low Cu concentration (100 mg L-1 CuSO4), the biomass of spinach seedlings increased, whereas the MDA content, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, Pn, gs and Tr were not significantly different from those in the control (P > 0.05), and Y(II), qP reached their maximum values, indicating that a low Cu concentration (100 mg L-1 CuSO4) had minimal negative effects on the life activities of spinach seedlings. In contrast, when treated with high Cu concentrations (800-1000 mg L-1 CuSO4), the total biomass of spinach seedlings was markedly decreased, the MDA contents increased, antioxidant enzyme activities initially increased and then decreased to varying degrees, the contents of chlorophyll, Pn, Tr, Fv/Fm, qP, NPQ, and Y(II) were all decreased. However the growth of spinach did not terminate, implying that the lethal threshold concentration of Cu for spinach is greater than 1000 mg L-1 CuSO4 used in this study. In summary, spinach exhibits a high tolerance to Cu and can be considered as an alternative plant for the remediation of Cu-contaminated soils.

Knockdown of pseudogene derived from lncRNA DUXAP10 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotes apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.

Current evidence suggests that pseudogene derived lncRNAs may be important players in human cancer progression. Our previous study showed that DUXAP10 could promote cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. However, the clinical significance and potential role of DUXAP10 in human pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been uncovered. In this study, we found that DUXAP10 was overexpressed in PC tissues compared with normal tissues. DUXAP10 expression was significantly higher in patients with an advanced TNM stage and positive lymph node metastasis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that cell cycle progression was increased in patients with high DUXAP10 expression. In vitro and in vivo assays of DUXAP10 alterations revealed a complex integrated phenotype affecting cell growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed that DUXAP10 has a crucial role in G2/M arrest. We further showed that DUXAP10 regulated PC cell proliferation through interact with RNA-binding protein EZH2 and LSD1. Overall, our findings indicates that DUXAP10 is an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes PC proliferation and metastasis.

miR-141-3p functions as a tumor suppressor modulating activating transcription factor 5 in glioma.

Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor which arises from the central nervous system. Our studies reported that an anti-apoptotic factor, activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5), is highly expressed in malignant glioma specimens and cell lines. Downregulation by dominant-negetive ATF5 could repress glioma cell proliferation and accelerate apoptosis. Here, we further investigate the upstream factor which regulates ATF5 expression. Bioinformatic analysis showed that ATF5 was a potential target of miR-141-3p. Luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-141-3p specifically targeted the ATF5 3'-UTR in glioma cells. Functional studied suggested that miR-141-3p overexpression inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of glioma cells (U87MG and U251). Xenograft experiments proved the inhibition of miR-141-3p on glioma growth in vivo. Moreover, exogenous ATF5 without 3'-UTR restored the cell proliferation inhibition triggered by miR-141-3p. Taken together, we put forward that miR-141-3p is a new upstream target towards ATF5. It can serve as a crucial tumor suppressor in regulating the ATF5-regulated growth of malignant glioma.

Enhanced stability in host-parasitoid interactions with autoparasitism and parasitoid migration.

Previous studies based on simple non-spatial model have suggested that autoparasitism, in which females develop as primary endoparasitoids of hosts while males develop at the expense of primary parasitoids, stabilizes host-parasitoid steady state. To date, however, how the stabilizing role of autoparasitism would be affected by more complex spatial factors has not been adequately investigated. To address the issue, here we analyzed a spatially extended two-patch host-parasitoid model and compared it with the corresponding non-spatial model. Results showed that in the non-spatial model and the case of autoparasitoid, the host-parasitoid steady states can be unstable if the host׳s intrinsic rate of growth and/or carrying capacity is sufficiently large. However, in the spatially extended two-patch model with parasitoid migration, the unstable host-parasitoid steady states in each local patch may become stable, provided there is certain spatial unevenness in host growth and/or carrying capacity. Therefore, the migration of parasitoid together with spatial unevenness in host growth and/or carrying capacity stabilizes the host-parasitoid interactions. The stabilizing effects are stronger with the host density-dependent migration of parasitoid than with the random migration of parasitoid. In the case of primary parasitoid, the model demonstrated similar stabilizing effects associated with the migration of parasitoid. However, the parameter conditions for stability are much more stringent than in the case of autoparasitoid. We concluded that the stabilizing effects of parasitoid migration and autoparasitism can add to each other, leading to more stable host-parasitoid interactions.

Self-organizing p-quinquephenyl building blocks incorporating lateral hydroxyl and methoxyl groups into supramolecular nano-assemblies.

The self-assembling behavior of coil-rod-coil molecules 1a, 1b, and 2a, 2b was investigated using DSC, POM, SAXS, and AFM in bulk and aqueous solutions. These molecules contain p-quinquephenyl groups as rod segments incorporating lateral hydroxyl or methoxyl groups in the center positions and oligo(ethylene oxide)s as the coil segments. Molecules 1a and 1b, with lateral methoxyl groups in the rod segments, self-assemble into oblique columnar structures in the crystalline phase and transform into nematic phases. On the other hand, molecules 2a and 2b, with hydroxyl groups in the center of their rod segments, self-organize into hexagonal perforated lamellar and oblique columnar nano-structures in the crystalline and liquid crystalline phase, respectively. In aqueous solutions, these molecules aggregate into nano-ribbons and vesicles, depending on their lateral groups and oligo(ethylene oxide) chain lengths. These results imply that the lateral methoxyl or hydroxyl groups, present in the center of the rod segments, significantly influence the formation of various supramolecular nano-structures in the bulk state and in aqueous solution. This is achieved via tuning of the non-covalent interactions of the rod building blocks.

Integrin activating molecule-talin1 promotes skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.

Background: Integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration play important roles in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The roles of integrin activating molecules including talins and kindlins, however, are unclear in SSc. Objectives: We aimed to explore the function of integrin activating molecules in SSc. Methods: Transcriptome analysis of skin datasets of SSc patients was performed to explore the function of integrin-activating molecules including talin1, talin2, kindlin1, kindlin2 and kindlin3 in SSc. Expression of talin1 in skin tissue was assessed by multiplex immunohistochemistry staining. Levels of talin1 in serum were determined by ELISA. The effects of talin1 inhibition were analyzed in human dermal fibroblasts by real-time PCR, western blot and flow cytometry. Results: We identified that talin1 appeared to be the primary integrin activating molecule involved in skin fibrosis of SSc. Talin1 was significantly upregulated and positively correlates with the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (mRSS) and the expression of pro-fibrotic biomarkers in the skin lesions of SSc patients. Further analyses revealed that talin1 is predominantly expressed in the dermal fibroblasts of SSc skin and promotes fibroblast activation and collagen production. Additionally, talin1 primarily exerts its effects through integrin ß1 and ß5 in SSc. Conclusions: Overexpressed talin1 is participated in skin fibrosis of SSc, and talin1 appears to be a potential new therapeutic target for SSc.

A feature extraction method of rub-impact based on adaptive stochastic resonance and Hjorth parameter.

The characteristic frequency of a rub-impact fault is usually very complex and may contain higher harmonics and subharmonics. Due to the uncertainty of harmonic components and the complexity of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) operation, the general scale transformation stochastic resonance (GSTSR) has certain limitations in the identification of rub-impact faults. To solve this problem, the paper starts with complexity and proposes a rub-impact fault identification method combining a swarm intelligence optimized algorithm (SIOA) with Hjorth parameters and GSTSR. The complexity of vibration signals will change greatly before and after rub-impact faults. The complexity parameter in Hjorth parameters can effectively embody the complexity of signals and is invulnerable to noise interference. Therefore, the complexity parameter in the Hjorth parameters is taken as the objective function of SIOA and combined with GSTSR. Vibration signals from cases are taken as input to adaptive stochastic resonant (ASR) systems, and the system parameters are adaptively and synchronously adjusted to realize the maximal resonant effect. Finally, the spectrum analysis of signals obtained from ASR is used to extract failure features and recognize faults in the rotor-stator rub-impact. The proposed method is verified by comparing it with other schemes under different SIOAs and different operating conditions. The result of the comparison shows that the complexity parameter of the Hjorth parameters can be taken as the objective function of SIOA to accurately identify the rub-impact fault. Meanwhile, the proposed method, compared with the method of taking SNR as an objective function, has a better effect on reducing time costs and strengthening fault characteristics.

Modeling the Potential Distribution Patterns of the Invasive Plant Species Phytolacca americana in China in Response to Climate Change.

Phytolacca americana, introduced to China in the 20th century for its medicinal properties, has posed a significant ecological and agricultural challenge. Its prolific fruit production, high reproductive coefficient, adaptability, and toxic roots and fruits have led to the formation of monoculture communities, reducing native species diversity and posing threats to agriculture, human and animal health, and local ecosystems. Understanding its potential distribution patterns at a regional scale and its response to climate change is essential for effective monitoring, management, and control. In this study, we utilized the Maxent model to simulate potential habitat areas of P. americana across three timeframes (current, 2050s, and 2070s) under three climate change scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). Leveraging data from 556 P. americana sites across China, we employed ROC curves to assess the prediction accuracy. Our findings highlight key environmental factors influencing P. americana's geographical distribution, including the driest month's precipitation, the coldest month's minimum temperature, the wettest month's precipitation, isothermality, and temperature annual range. Under current climate conditions, P. americana potentially inhabits 280.26 × 104 km2 in China, with a concentration in 27 provinces and cities within the Yangtze River basin and its southern regions. While future climate change scenarios do not drastically alter the total suitable area, the proportions of high and low-suitability areas decrease over time, shifting towards moderate suitability. Specifically, in the SSP126 scenario, the centroid of the predicted suitable area shifts northeastward and then southwestward. In contrast, in the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, the centroid shifts northward.