Surveillance of Vaccination Coverage of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines and Allergic Rash Adverse Events Following Immunization for Children From 6 Manufacturers.

The composition of influenza vaccines is updated annually. To ensure vaccine safety, the coverage and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of 6 manufacturers of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV3) need to be evaluated. In January 2022, we analyzed data from more than 1.59 million children in the Childhood Vaccination Information Management System and the AEFI Surveillance Information Management System and evaluated influenza vaccines for children aged 6 to 35 months in Guangzhou from 2016/17 to 2019/20 Vaccination rates and AEFI reporting rates. From 2016/17 to 2019/20, the 1-dose influenza vaccination rate was 25.0% (range: 20.7%-30.2%), and the 2-dose (full course) influenza vaccination rate was 21.6% (range: 17.7%-26.4%). The full vaccination coverage rate has trended down since 2017/2018 (2017/18: 26.0%; 2018/19: 8.3; 2019/20: 17.7%). Fifty-two cases (13.1/100 000) and 24 cases (6.9/100 000) received AEFI reports for 1 dose and 2 doses, respectively, mainly due to fever ≥38.6°C (39 cases for 1 dose, 9.8/100 000; 15 cases for 2 dose, 4.3/100 000) and allergic rash (9 cases with 1 dose, 2.3/100 000; 5 cases with 2 doses, 1.4/100 000). Patients who received A and F manufacturers were more likely to report side effects. The safety of influenza vaccines from 6 manufacturers is good, and it is necessary to improve the recommended information on influenza vaccines to dispel people's concerns and increase the vaccination rate.

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of parotid gland malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To systematically evaluate the qualitative diagnostic value of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for parotid gland tumors. However, there is still a lot of controversy in this area, and the results of different studies are not consistent. Therefore, it is necessary to use meta method to analyze the significance of multimodal MRI in the diagnosis of parotid gland tumors. Methods: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of multimodal MRI for parotid gland malignancies. We performed a search in the databases of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM). Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed for the included articles, and meta-analysis was performed on the included studies using Stata 15.0 software. Results: After screening, a total of 5 relevant documents met the standards and were included. The results of analysis showed that the MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (MRI-DWI) combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.54 (0.22-0.83) and 0.93 (0.79-0.98). The MRI with dynamic contrast-enhanced (MRI-DCE) combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (0.48-0.95) and 0.95 (0.92-0.97). The pooled area under the curve (AUC) of the MRI-DWI was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.91) and the pooled area under the curve (AUC) of the MRI-DCE was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94-0.97). Discussion: The results of meta-analysis showed that multimodal MRI had good sensitivity, specificity and high sensitivity in the diagnosis of parotid gland carcinoma. However, there is high heterogeneity, which needs to be verified by a large number of clinical studies.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Background: With the increasing incidence of gynecological ovarian tumors, the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors is of great significance for subsequent treatment. Currently, ovarian examinations commonly use computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study sought to compare the value of CT and MRI in differentiating between benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu databases were searched for published articles using the following terms "CT" or "Computed Tomography" or "MRI" or "Magnetic Resonance imaging" and "ovarian cancer" or "ovarian tumor" or "ovarian neoplasm" or "adnexal mass" or "adnexal lesion". The articles were screened and the data were extracted based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, and the network meta-analysis was performed by Stata 15.0. Results: The results showed that the overall sensitivity and specificity of CT were 0.79 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.70-0.87] and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80-0.92), respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91-0.95) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.90-0.93), respectively. The area under the curve of the CT and MRI summary receiver operating characteristics were 0.9016 and 0.9764, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of CT were 5.26 (95% CI: 2.78-9.93), 0.26 (95% CI: 0.13-0.50), and 22.19 (95% CI: 7.54-65.30), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of MRI were 8.69 (95% CI: 5.06-14.92), 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04-0.13), and 146.19 (95% CI: 68.88-310.24), respectively. Conclusions: Compared to CT, MRI has a stronger ability to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors. It's a promising non-radiological imaging technique and a more favorable choice for patients with ovarian tumors. However, in the future, large-sample, multi-center prospective studies need to be conducted to compare the performance of MRI and CT in distinguishing between benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Analysis of the coverage of inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine and adverse events following immunization with the EV71 vaccine among children from 2016 to 2019 in Guangzhou.

Background: Since 2016, China has approved the use of inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines produced by three manufacturers. The coverage and safety of different EV71 vaccines need to be evaluated.Research design and methods: The EV71 vaccination and AEFI data were collected from the Guangzhou Children's Vaccination Information Report Management System and the China AEFI Monitoring Information Management System, and the EV71 vaccine coverage rate and the AEFI incidence rate were analyzed.Results: From 2016 to 2019, the number of people who should have been vaccinated in Guangzhou was 2,781,618, and the coverage rates for doses 1 and 2 were 24.71% and 19.44%, respectively. The inoculation rates of vaccines from manufacturers A and B were between 3.03 and 10.46%. The reported incidence of AEFIs was 11.97 per 100,000 (147 cases), with fever (106 cases, 8.63 per 100,000) and allergic rash (59 cases, 4.80 per 100,000) being the most common reactions. There were no differences in the AEFI responses to the EV71 vaccines from the three manufacturers.Conclusion: The EV71 vaccines from the three manufacturers have good safety, but the EV71 vaccine coverage rate is low. It is recommended that vaccine publicity be strengthened and that the vaccine coverage rate in children be increased.

[Screening proteins in hepatocytes interacting with the middle surface protein of hepatitis B virus using the yeast-two hybrid technique].

OBJECTIVES: To screen proteins in hepatocytes interacting with hepatitis B virus surface antigen middle protein (MHBs) with yeast-two hybrid technique for studying the biological functions of MHBs. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the gene of MHBs from the plasmid A7 containing the whole fragment of adr subtype of HBV and the PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector and then evaluated by sequencing. The gene of MHBs was cut by EcoRI and BamH I from pGEM-T vector and then cloned into the yeast expression plasmid pGBKT7. MHBs bait plasmid was constructed by ligating MHBs gene with yeast expression vector pGBKT7 with yeast-two hybrid system 3 and then was transformed into yeast AH109 (a type). The transformed yeast cells were mated with yeast Y187 (alpha type) containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2 x YPDA medium. Diploid yeast cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing X- alpha -gal for selecting and screening. After extracting and sequencing the plasmid from true positive blue colonies, the results were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS: A pGBKT7- MHBs yeast expressed vector was successfully constructed. Two colonies were sequenced. One colony was Homo sapiens aldolase B fructose-bisphosphate, the other was a new gene with unknown function, which was named MHBs-binding protein 1. CONCLUSION: MHBs gene was successfully cloned. Two genes of MHBs interacting proteins in hepatocytes were obtained by yeast-two hybrid system 3. Our results brought some new clues for studying the biological functions of MHBs and the mechanisms of HBV carcinogenesis.

Association of CT perfusion imaging with plasma levels of TGF-ß1 and VEGF in patients with NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of CT perfusion imaging parameters with plasma level of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A total of 67 patients with NSCLC (NSCLC group) and 64 patients with benign lesion (control group) were given with CT perfusion imaging to obtain blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, time to peal and permeability surface through CT perfusion software. The plasma levels of TGF-ß1 and VEGF were tested by ELISA. The relationship between plasma levels of TGF-ß1, VEGF and CT perfusion imaging parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: CT perfusion imaging parameters and the plasma levels of TGF-ß1 and VEGF of NSCLC group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05), while CT perfusion parameters and the levels of TGF-ß1 and VEGF in NSCLC group showed significant difference in different tumor node metastasis stages (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the level of plasma TGF-ß1 and VEGF were positively correlated with blood flow, blood volume, and mean transit time (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with time to peal (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between TGF-ß1 and VEGF with the permeability surface. CONCLUSIONS: CT perfusion imaging parameters in patients with NSCLC is closely associated with plasma TGF-ß1, VEGF and its biological characteristics. CT perfusion imaging is a convenient method to detect tumor blood perfusion.

Endoscopic measurement of variceal diameter.

AIM: To measure in vitro diameter of imitational varices using a self-made endoscopic scale and confirm its accuracy and clinical feasibility. METHODS: A catheter was introduced into the endoscope accessory channel and attached to a zebra wire guide that was used as a stylet. The wire guide was fixed onto the tip of the catheter by a soft and thin string. By gently advancing the stylet into the catheter, the width of the opening loop at the tip of the endoscope approximated the diameter of the imitational varices. Measurements performed in vitro using this self-made endoscopic ruler were compared to measurements of simulative varices. RESULTS: At the handle, the sleeve moving distance ranged from 5 to 14 mm. There was no obvious proportional relationship between the sleeve movement distance and endoscopic measurement ruler. The results indicated that the gap between the endoscopic measurement and actual measurement of the object size tended to close. The in vitro measurement of the diameter of the simulative varices showed that the two kinds of measuring methods were not significantly different with respect to their accuracy (P=0.8499). CONCLUSION: In vitro experiments confirmed that using a self-designed endoscopic ruler to measure the diameter of simulative varices was objective, accurate and feasible.

Esophageal variceal pressure influence on the effect of ligation.

AIM: To explore the effect of in vitro porcine esophageal variceal pressure on complete ligation degree for polycyclic ligators. METHODS: An in vitro model of experimental porcine venous vessels was used to test various venous pressures. Three treatment groups were designated according to the preset pressure range: P1 = 25-30 cmH2O; P2 = 35-40 cmH2O; P3 = 45-50 cmH2O. The effect of pressure on ligation was assessed and compared among the groups. RESULTS: Complete ligation was achieved at a rate of 56.25% (18/32) in group P1, 37.5% (12/32) in group P2, and 33.33% (11/33) in group P3 (χ (2) = 3.6126; P = 0.0573). CONCLUSION: Higher variceal pressures impair the ligation completion rate. Therefore, measuring variceal pressure may help predict the effect of endoscopic ligation and guide treatment choice.

Screening of hepatocyte proteins binding with C­terminally truncated surface antigen middle protein of hepatitis B virus (MHBst167) by a yeast two­hybrid system.

The function of middle hepatitis B surface protein C­terminally truncated at amino acid position 167 (MHBst167) is not currently clear. This study aimed to screen and identify the proteins that interact with MHBst167 in hepatocytes using a yeast two­hybrid system, and to explore the effects of MHBst167 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and precancerous diseases of the liver. The MHBst167 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into a pGEM­T vector. The target region was sequenced and the constructed bait plasmid, pGBKT7­MHBst167, was transformed into AH109 yeast cells. The transformed AH109 cells were then mated with Y187 yeast cells containing the fetal liver cDNA library plasmid using a yeast two­hybrid system. The false positives were eliminated and the true positive clones were selected by PCR and sequencing analysis. The pGBKT7­MHBst167 bait plasmid was successfully constructed and 66 clones grew in the selective synthetic defined media lacking leucine, tryptophan, histidine and adenine. Fifty­two clones were identified following X­α­Gal selection and segregation analysis. Seven proteins were found to be expressed that could interact with MHBst167 in hepatocytes by the yeast two­hybrid system. These results have provided novel insights into the biological functions of MHBst167.