Combining Multiple Photosensitizer Modules into One Supramolecular System for Synergetic Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an emerging cancer treatment, requires the development of highly desirable photosensitizers (PSs) with integrated functional groups to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Coordination-driven self-assembly (CDSA) would provide an alternative approach for combining multiple PSs synergistically. Here, we demonstrate a simple yet powerful strategy of combining conventional chromophores (tetraphenylethylene, porphyrin, or Zn-porphyrin) with pyridinium salt PSs together through condensation reactions, followed by CDSA to construct a series of novel metallo-supramolecular PSs (S1-S3). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is dramatically enhanced by the direct combination of two different PSs, and further reinforced in the subsequent ensembles. Among all the ensembles, S2 with two porphyrin cores shows the highest ROS generation efficiency, specific interactions with lysosome, and strong emission for probing cells. Moreover, the cellular and living experiments confirm that S2 has excellent PDT efficacy, biocompatibility, and biosafety. As such, this study will enable the development of more efficient PSs with potential clinical applications.

Encapsulating Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Supramolecular Cages Enables Ultrafast Guest-Host Electron and Vibrational Energy Transfer.

In the field of supramolecular chemistry, host-guest systems have been extensively explored to encapsulate a wide range of substrates, owing to emerging functionalities in nanoconfined space that cannot be achieved in dilute solutions. However, host-guest chemistry is still limited to encapsulation of small guests. Herein, we construct a water-soluble metallo-supramolecular hexagonal prism with a large hydrophobic cavity by anchoring multiple polyethylene glycol chains onto the building blocks. Then, assembled prisms are able to encapsulate quantum dots (QDs) with diameters of less than 5.0 nm. Furthermore, we find that the supramolecular cage around each QD strongly modifies the photophysics of the QD by universally increasing the rates of QD relaxation processes via ultrafast electron and vibrational energy transfer. Taken together, these efforts expand the scope of substrates in host-guest systems and provide a new approach to tune the optical properties of QDs.

The Role of TGF-ß during Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complications.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß), a multifunctional cytokine, is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines closely related to pregnancy. It plays significant roles in hormone secretion, placental development, and embryonic growth during pregnancy. TGF-ß is implicated in embryo implantation and inhibits the invasion of extraepithelial trophoblast cells. It also moderates the mother-fetus interaction by adjusting the secretion pattern of immunomodulatory factors in the placenta, consequently influencing the mother's immune cells. The TGF-ß family regulates the development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems by regulating gene expression. Furthermore, TGF-ß has been associated with various pregnancy complications. An increase in TGF-ß levels can induce the occurrences of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, while a decrease can lead to recurrent miscarriage due to the interference of the immune tolerance environment. This review focuses on the role of TGF-ß in embryo implantation and development, providing new insights for the clinical prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications.

Nanoarchitectonics on Electrosynthesis and Assembly of Conjugated Metallopolymers.

In contrast to edge-on and face-on orientations, end-on uniaxial conjugated polymers have the theoretical possibility of providing a macroscopic crystalline film. However, their fabrication is insurmountable due to sluggishly thermodynamic equilibrium states. Herein, we report the programmatic pathway to fabricate nanoarchitectonics on end-on uniaxial conjugated metallopolymers by surface-initiated simultaneous electrosynthesis and assembly. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with bottom-up oriented electroactive molecules as a temple allows orientation, stacking, and reactive addition of monomers triggered by switching alternative redox reactions as well as crystallization of small molecules. Repeating the same reaction can repair the unreactive site on the SAM and dynamically and statistically ensure maximum iterative coverage with ideal linear coefficients between optical or electrical responses and iterative times. The resulting nanoarchitectonics on uniaxially assembled end-on polymers over centimeter-sized areas have a subnanometer-uniform morphology and exhibit ultrahigh modulus as well as an inorganic indium tin oxides and the highest conductance among conjugated molecular monolayers. Their memristive devices provide quantitative electrical and optical responses as a function of molecular length, bias, and iterative junctions. Precise processing of nanoarchitectonics as an electrically assisted assembly or printing technique can present sophisticated optoelectric functions and dimensional batch-to-batch consistency for micro-sized organic materials and electronics.

Non-equilibrium Nanoassemblies Constructed by Confined Coordination on a Polymer Chain.

Biological systems employ non-equilibrium self-assembly to create ordered nanoarchitectures with sophisticated functions. However, it is challenging to construct artificial non-equilibrium nanoassemblies due to lack of control over assembly dynamics and kinetics. Herein, we design a series of linear polymers with different side groups for further coordination-driven self-assembly based on shape-complementarity. Such a design introduces a main-chain confinement which effectively slows down the assembly process of side groups, thus allowing us to monitor the real-time evolution of lychee-like nanostructures. The function related to the non-equilibrium nature is further explored by performing photothermal conversion study. The ability to observe and capture non-equilibrium states in this supramolecular system will enhance our understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic features as well as functions of living systems.

Precise Synthesis of Concentric Ring, Helicoid, and Ladder Metallo-Polymers with Chevron-Shaped Monomers.

Molecular geometry represents one of the most important structural features and governs physical properties and functions of materials. Nature creates a wide array of substances with distinct geometries but similar chemical composition with superior efficiency and precision. However, it remains a formidable challenge to construct abiological macromolecules with various geometries based on identical repeating units, owing to the lack of corresponding synthetic approaches for precisely manipulating the connectivity between monomers and feasible techniques for characterizing macromolecules at the single-molecule level. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of tetratopic monomers with chevron stripe shape which serve as the key precursors to produce four distinct types of metallo-macromolecules with well-defined geometries, viz., the concentric hexagon, helicoid polymer, ladder polymer, and cross-linked polymer, via platinum-acetylide couplings. Concentric hexagon, helicoid, and ladder metallo-polymers are directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and ultra-high-vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at the single-molecule level. Finally, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are selected as the guest to investigate the structure-property relationship based on such macromolecules, among which the helicoid metallo-polymer shows high efficiency in wrapping SWCNTs with geometry-dependent selectivity.

Single-layer graphene optical modulator based on arrayed hybrid plasmonic nanowires.

Surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs)-based waveguides, especially hybrid plasmonic nanowires, which have attracted extensive interests due to easy fabrication, high transmittance, subwavelength mode confinement and long propagation distance, are appropriate platforms for enhancing the interaction with graphene. Considering that graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material with surface conductivity, it is important to enhance the in-plane electrical components parallel to graphene. Here, we propose a tunable graphene optical modulator based on arrayed hybrid plasmonic nanowires, utilizing strong subwavelength confinement of gap-surface plasmonic modes (GSPMs) and near-field coupling in the periodic metasurface structure to enhance effective light-matter interactions. The modulator has a typical modulation depth (MD) of 4.7 dB/µm, insertion loss (IL) of 0.045 dB/µm, and a broadband response. The modulation performance can be further optimized, achieving MD of 16.7 dB/µm and IL of 0.17 dB/µm. Moreover, with the optimized modulator, the 3 dB bandwidth can reach 200 GHz. The energy consumption of modulator is about 0.86 fJ/bit. Our design exhibits fascinating modulation performance, fabrication compatibility and integration potential. It may inspire the schematic designs of graphene-based plasmonic modulator and pave a way to the application of 2D materials-involved optoelectronic devices.

CO2 conversion by plasma: how to get efficient CO2 conversion and high energy efficiency.

Conversion of CO2 into CO with plasma processing is a potential method to transform intermittent sustainable electricity into storable chemical energy. The main challenges for developing this technology are how to get efficient CO2 conversion with high energy efficiency and how to prove its feasibility on an industrial scale. In this paper we review the mechanisms and performance of different plasma methodologies used in CO2 conversion. Mindful of the goals of obtaining efficient conversion and high energy efficiency, as well as industrial feasibility in mind, we emphasize a promising new approach of CO2 conversion by using a thermal plasma in combination with a carbon co-reactant.

Coordination-Assembled Water-Soluble Anionic Lanthanide Organic Polyhedra for Luminescent Labeling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Lanthanide-containing functional complexes have found a variety of applications in materials science and biomedicine because of their unique electroptical and magnetic properties. However, the poor stability and solubility in water of multicomponent lanthanide organic assemblies significantly limit their practical applications. We report here a series of water-stable anionic Ln2nL3n-type (n = 2, 3, 4, and 5) lanthanide organic polyhedra (LOPs) constructed by deprotonation self-assembly of three fully conjugated ligands (H4L1 and H4L2a/b) featuring a 2,6-pyridine bitetrazolate chelating moiety. The outcomes of the LOPs formation reactions were found to be very sensitive toward the reaction conditions including base, metal source, solvents, and concentrations as characterized by a combination of NMR, high-resolution ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography. Ligands H4L2a/b manifested an excellent sensitization toward lanthanide ions (Ln = EuIII and TbIII), with high luminescent quantum yields for Tb8L2a12 (Φ = 11.2% in water) and Eu8L2b12 (Φ = 76.8% in DMSO) measured in polar solvents. Furthermore, due to the giant molecular weight and rigidity of the polyhedral skeleton, Gd8L2b12 showed a very high longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of 400.53 mM-1S-1. The performance of Gd8L2b12 as potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents (CAs) in vivo was evaluated with much longer retention time in the tumor sites compared with the commercial GdIII-based CAs. Dual-modal imaging potential has also been demonstrated with the mixed Eu/Gd LOPs. Our results not only provide a new design route toward water-stable multinuclear lanthanide organic assemblies but also offer potential candidates of supramolecular-edifices for bioimaging and drug delivery.

Synthesis of Metallopolymers and Direct Visualization of the Single Polymer Chain.

During the past few decades, the study of the single polymer chain has attracted considerable attention with the goal of exploring the structure-property relationship of polymers. It still, however, remains challenging due to the variability and low atomic resolution of the amorphous single polymer chain. Here, we demonstrated a new strategy to visualize the single metallopolymer chain with a hexameric or trimeric supramolecule as a repeat unit, in which Ru(II) with strong coordination and Fe(II) with weak coordination were combined together in a stepwise manner. With the help of ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-LT-STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), we were able to directly visualize both Ru(II) and Fe(II), which act as staining reagents on the repeat units, thus providing detailed structural information for the single polymer chain. As such, the direct visualization of the single random polymer chain is realized to enhance the characterization of polymers at the single-molecule level.

Shackling Effect Induced Property Differences in Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers.

We demonstrate here the synthesis of a novel class of metallo-supramolecular polymers with shackled structure, via the coordination of cyclic di(bis-terpyridine-triphenyl ether ester) ligands with ruthenium(II) ions. The constraint from the ring topology via the shackling of ligands provides novel properties to these metallo-supramolecular polymers, including the formation of dendritic crystals, red-shift of absorption bands in the UV-vis spectra from interchain charge-transfer transitions, and a typical flash-type memory behavior.

Mitochondrial EF4 links respiratory dysfunction and cytoplasmic translation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

How animals coordinate cellular bioenergetics in response to stress conditions is an essential question related to aging, obesity and cancer. Elongation factor 4 (EF4/LEPA) is a highly conserved protein that promotes protein synthesis under stress conditions, whereas its function in metazoans remains unknown. Here, we show that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the mitochondria-localized CeEF4 (referred to as mtEF4) affects mitochondrial functions, especially at low temperature (15°C). At worms' optimum growing temperature (20°C), mtef4 deletion leads to self-brood size reduction, growth delay and mitochondrial dysfunction. Transcriptomic analyses show that mtef4 deletion induces retrograde pathways, including mitochondrial biogenesis and cytoplasmic translation reorganization. At low temperature (15°C), mtef4 deletion reduces mitochondrial translation and disrupts the assembly of respiratory chain supercomplexes containing complex IV. These observations are indicative of the important roles of mtEF4 in mitochondrial functions and adaptation to stressful conditions.

Detection accuracy and clinical applications of DP-TOF mass spectrometry.

OBJECTIVE: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories. This study aimed to determine whether dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DP-TOF MS) could be applied to clinical nucleotide detection. METHODS: This prospective study included 40 healthy individuals and 110 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. We used DP-TOF MS and Sanger sequencing to evaluate 17 loci across 11 genes associated with cardiovascular drug responses. In addition, we used DP-TOF MS to test 998 retrospectively collected clinical DNA samples with known results. RESULTS: A, T, and G nucleotide detection by DP-TOF MS and Sanger sequencing revealed 100% concordance, whereas the C nucleotide concordance was 99.86%. Genotyping based on the results of the two methods showed 99.96% concordance. Regarding clinical applications, DP-TOF MS yielded a 99.91% concordance rate for known loci. The minimum detection limit for DNA was 0.4 ng; the inter-assay and intra-assay precision rates were both 100%. Anti-interference analysis showed that aerosol contamination greater than 1013 copies/µL in the laboratory environment could influence the results of DP-TOF MS. CONCLUSIONS: The DP-TOF MS platform displayed good detection performance, as demonstrated by its 99.96% concordance rate with Sanger sequencing. Thus, it may be applied to clinical nucleotide detection.

Lignin-cellulose complexes derived from agricultural wastes for combined antibacterial and tissue engineering scaffolds for cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds.

Bacterial infections in wounds significantly impair the healing process. The use of natural antibacterial products over synthetic antibiotics has emerged as a new trend to address antimicrobial resistance. An ideal tissue engineering scaffold to treat infected wounds should possess antibacterial properties, while simultaneously promoting tissue regrowth. Synthesis of hydrogel scaffolds with antibacterial properties using hemp shive (HT1/HT2) lignin, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) lignin and cellulose was carried out. All lignin samples had low molecular weights and were constituted of G-type ß-5 dimers, linked by ß-O-4 bonds, as determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. Hemp lignin was more cytotoxic to mouse fibroblasts (L929) compared to SCB lignin. All lignin samples demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, with greater efficiency against Gram-negative strains. 3D hydrogels were engineered by crosslinking SCB lignin with SCB cellulose in varying weight ratios in the presence of epichlorohydrin. The stiffness of the hydrogels could be tailored by varying the lignin concentration. All hydrogels were biocompatible; however, better fibroblast adhesion was observed on the blended hydrogels compared to the 100% cellulose hydrogel, with the cellulose : lignin 70 : 30 hydrogel showing the highest L929 proliferation and best antibacterial properties with a 24-hour bacterial growth reduction ranging from 30.8 to 57.3%.

Predictive value of PD-L1 and TMB for short-term efficacy prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer and construction of prediction models.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1), tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the short-term efficacy and clinical characteristics of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor combination chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. The efficacy of the prediction model was evaluated. Methods: A total of 220 NSCLC patients receiving first-line treatment with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy were retrospectively collected. The primary endpoint was short-term efficacy ORR. The correlation between short-term efficacy, PD-L1, TMB, and clinical characteristics using χ2 test or t-test was evaluated. Screen the independent prognostic factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and construct a nomogram prediction model using the "rms" package in R software. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate the independent Prognostic factors and the prediction model. Using decision curve analysis (DCA) to verify the superiority of the prediction model. Results: The mean values of PD-L1, TMB, neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and albumin were the highest in the ORR group, PD-L1 expression and TMB correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Multivariate analyses showed that PD-L1, TMB, and neutrophil were independent prognostic factors for ORR. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of the ROC constructed based on these three indicators were 0.7104, 0.7139, and 0.7131, respectively. The AUC value under the ROC of the nomogram model was 0.813. The DCA of the model showed that all three indicators used together to build the prediction model of the net return were higher than those of the single indicator prediction model. Conclusion: PD-L1, TMB, and neutrophils are independent prognostic factors for short-term efficacy. The nomogram prediction model constructed using these three indicators can further improve predictive efficacy of ICIs in patients with NSCLC.

PSAQ-ViT V2: Toward Accurate and General Data-Free Quantization for Vision Transformers.

Data-free quantization can potentially address data privacy and security concerns in model compression and thus has been widely investigated. Recently, patch similarity aware data-free quantization for vision transformers (PSAQ-ViT) designs a relative value metric, patch similarity, to generate data from pretrained vision transformers (ViTs), achieving the first attempt at data-free quantization for ViTs. In this article, we propose PSAQ-ViT V2, a more accurate and general data-free quantization framework for ViTs, built on top of PSAQ-ViT. More specifically, following the patch similarity metric in PSAQ-ViT, we introduce an adaptive teacher-student strategy, which facilitates the constant cyclic evolution of the generated samples and the quantized model in a competitive and interactive fashion under the supervision of the full-precision (FP) model (teacher), thus significantly improving the accuracy of the quantized model. Moreover, without the auxiliary category guidance, we employ the task-and model-independent prior information, making the general-purpose scheme compatible with a broad range of vision tasks and models. Extensive experiments are conducted on various models on image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation tasks, and PSAQ-ViT V2, with the naive quantization strategy and without access to real-world data, consistently achieves competitive results, showing potential as a powerful baseline on data-free quantization for ViTs. For instance, with Swin-S as the (backbone) model, 8-bit quantization reaches 82.13 top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, 50.9 box AP and 44.1 mask AP on COCO, and 47.2 mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) on ADE20K. We hope that accurate and general PSAQ-ViT V2 can serve as a potential and practice solution in real-world applications involving sensitive data. Code is released and merged at: https://github.com/zkkli/PSAQ-ViT.

Analysis of variations in the bronchovascular pattern of the lingular segment to explore the correlations between the lingular segment artery and left superior division veins.

Background: With the development of anatomical segmentectomy, the thoracic surgeons must master the anatomical variations of the pulmonary bronchi and vessels. However, there are only a few reports showing anatomic variations of the lingular segment (LS) using three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA). Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the bronchovascular patterns of the LS and explore the correlation between the lingular segment artery (LSA) and left superior division veins (LSDV). Materials and methods: The 3D-CTBA data of the left upper lobe (LUL) were collected from patients who had undergone lobectomy or segmentectomy at Hebei General Hospital between October 2020 and October 2022. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and variations in bronchi and pulmonary vessels and grouped them according to different classifications. Results: Among all 540 cases of 3D-CTBA, the branching patterns of LSA included 369 (68.3%) cases with the interlobar origin, 126 (23.3%) cases with the interlobar and mediastinal origin, and 45 (8.3%) cases with the mediastinal origin. The branching pattern of LSDV could be classified into three forms: Semi-central vein type (345/540, 63.9%), Non-central vein type (76/540, 14.1%), and Central vein type (119/540, 22.0%). There were 51 cases (9.4%) with Non-central vein type, 50 cases (9.3%) with Central vein type, 268 cases (49.6%) with Semi-central vein type in the interlobar type, and 7 cases (1.3%) with Non-central vein type, 9 cases (1.7%) with Central vein type, 29 cases (5.4%) with Semi-central vein type in the mediastinal type. Moreover, the Non-central vein type, the Central vein type, and the Semi-central vein type accounted for 18 (3.3%), 60 (11.1%), and 48 (8.9%) in the interlobar and mediastinal type. Combinations of the branching patterns of the LSA and LSDV were significantly dependent (p < 0.005). The combinations of the interlobar and mediastinal type with the Central vein type, and the interlobar type and the mediastinal type with the Semi-central vein type were frequently observed. Conclusions: This study found the relationship between the LSA and LSDV and clarified the bifurcation patterns of the bronchovascular in the LS. Our data can be used by thoracic surgeons to perform safe and precise LS segmentectomy.

The detailed classification of the interlobar artery and the artery crossing intersegmental planes in the right upper lobe.

Background: With the prevalence of three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) and the development of anatomical segmentectomy, several studies have analyzed the branching patterns of peripheral segmental arteries in the right upper lobe (RUL). Nevertheless, the detailed classification of the branching patterns of the interlobar artery and the artery crossing intersegmental planes remains unknown. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to analyze the variations of the interlobar artery and the artery crossing intersegmental planes in the RUL using 3D-CTBA. Materials and methods: A total of 600 patients with ground-glass opacity (GGO) who had undergone 3D-CTBA preoperatively at Hebei General Hospital between September 2020 and September 2022 were used for the retrospective study. We reviewed the anatomical variations of the RUL arteries in these patients using 3D-CTBA images. Results: The branching patterns of the RUL artery were classified into the following four categories: trunk superior (Tr. sup), Tr. sup + interlobar artery, Tr. sup + trunk inferior (Tr. inf), and Tr. sup + Tr. inf + interlobar artery. The branching patterns of the interlobar artery were subclassified into four subtypes: posterior ascending artery (A. pos), anterior ascending artery (A. ant), A. pos + A. ant, and ascending artery (A. asc). The artery crossing intersegmental planes contains two types: type A, anterior subsegmental artery crossing intersegmental planes (AX1b); type B, recurrent artery crossing intersegmental planes (AX. rec). Conclusion: The variation types of blood vessels in the RUL are complex. This study explored the detailed classification of the interlobar artery and the artery crossing intersegmental planes. It can help thoracic surgeons understand the anatomy variations, accurately locate lesions before surgery, and effectively plan surgeries.

What is the correlation between the defective and splitting posterior segmental bronchus and recurrent artery crossing intersegmental planes in the right upper lobe?

Background: With the prevalence of three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) and the development of anatomical segmentectomy, studies have confirmed the increased incidence of anomalous veins in patients with tracheobronchial abnormalities. Nevertheless, the characteristic anatomical correlation between bronchus and artery variation remains unknown. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate recurrent artery crossing intersegmental planes and their associated pulmonary anatomical features by analyzing the incidence and types of the right upper lobe (RUL) bronchus and the artery composition of the posterior segment. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 patients with ground-glass opacity who had undergone 3D-CTBA preoperatively at Hebei General Hospital between September 2020 and September 2022 were included. We reviewed the anatomical variations of the RUL bronchus and artery in these patients using 3D-CTBA images. Results: Among all 600 cases, the defective and splitting B2 contained four types of the RUL bronchial structure: B1 + BX2a, B2b, B3 (11/600, 1.8%); B1, B2a, BX2b + B3 (3/600, 0.5%); B1 + BX2a, B3 + BX2b (18/600, 3%); B1, B2a, B2b, B3 type (29/600, 4.8%). The incidence of recurrent artery crossing intersegmental planes was 12.7% (70/600). The incidence of recurrent artery crossing intersegmental planes with and without the defective and splitting B2 was 26.2% (16/61) and 10.0% (54/539), respectively (p < 0.005). Conclusions: In patients with defective and splitting B2, the incidence of recurrent artery crossing intersegmental planes was increased. Our study provides certain references that surgeons can use to plan and perform RUL segmentectomy.

Analysis of bronchovascular patterns in the left superior division segment to explore the relationship between the descending bronchus and the artery crossing intersegmental planes.

Background: A comprehensive understanding of the anatomical variations in the pulmonary bronchi and arteries is particularly essential to the implementation of safe and precise left superior division segment (LSDS) segmentectomy. However, no report shows the relationship between the descending bronchus and the artery crossing intersegmental planes. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the branching pattern of the pulmonary artery and bronchus in LSDS using three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) and to explore the associated pulmonary anatomical features of the artery crossing intersegmental planes. Materials and methods: The 3D-CTBA images of 540 cases were retrospectively analyzed. We reviewed the anatomical variations of the LSDS bronchus and artery and assorted them according to different classifications. Results: Among all 540 cases of 3D-CTBA, there were 16 cases (44.4%) with lateral subsegmental artery crossing intersegmental planes (AX3a), 20 cases (55.6%) Without AX3a in the descending B3a or B3 type, and 53 cases (10.5%) with AX3a, 451 cases (89.5%) Without AX3a in the Without the descending B3a or B3 type. This illustrated that the AX3a was more common in the descending B3a or B3 type (P < 0.005). Similarly, there were 69 cases (36.1%) with horizontal subsegmental artery crossing intersegmental planes (AX1 + 2c), 122 cases (63.9%) Without AX1 + 2c in the descending B1 + 2c type, and 33 cases (9.5%) with AX1 + 2c, 316 cases (90.5%) Without AX1 + 2c in the Without the descending B1 + 2c type. Combinations of the branching patterns of the AX1 + 2c and the descending B1 + 2c type were significantly dependent (p < 0.005). The combinations of the branching patterns of the AX1 + 2c and the descending B1 + 2c type were frequently observed. Conclusions: This is the first report to explore the relationship between the descending bronchus and the artery crossing intersegmental planes. In patients with the descending B3a or B3 type, the incidence of the AX3a was increased. Similarly, the incidence of the AX1 + 2c was increased in patients with the descending B1 + 2c type. These findings should be carefully identified when performing an accurate LSDS segmentectomy.