Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of household consumption carbon emissions in China from a spatial perspective.

Household consumption carbon emissions (HCCEs) have become the main growth point of China's carbon emissions in the future. It is important to investigate the factors affecting the demand-side carbon emissions in order to find the accurate entry point of emission reduction and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Different from previous studies, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of provincial HCCEs in China from a spatial perspective by using the Theil index and spatial auto-correlation and explored the key influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of HCCEs in different regions by using an econometric model. The results of the study showed that: (1) Per capita HCCEs increased by 11.90% annually, and the eastern region > northeastern region > western region > central region. (2) There were regional differences in per capita HCCEs, but the decrease was significant at 40.32%. (3) The spatial agglomeration effect of per capita HCCEs was significant, and the hot spots were mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas. (4) From the national level, every 1% increase in residents' consumption power would increase HCCEs by 2.489%. Which was the main factor for the growth of HCCEs, while the increase in fixed asset investment would restrain HCCEs. At the regional level, the change in population size significantly increased the HCCEs in the eastern and central regions. While for the western region, a 1% increase in population would reduce the HCCEs by 0.542%. For the eastern and central regions, the degree of aging and the consumption structure of residents could suppress regional HCCEs. However, the consumption structure of residents drove the growth of HCCEs in the western region. For the Northeast region, residents' consumption capacity and cooling degree days were the main factors for the growth of residents' consumption, while fixed asset investment could inhibit the growth of HCCEs.

Evaluation of the Social Effects of Enterprise Carbon Accounts Based on Variable Weight CFPR Fuzzy VIKOR.

The carbon account is a digital path for an enterprise to achieve low-carbon transformation and high-quality sustainable development under the 'dual carbon' strategy. The carbon account has a good social effect while generating economic benefits. An evaluation index system of the social effects of enterprise carbon accounts has been established, including the concepts of energy conservation and carbon reduction, contributions, technological innovation, and customer trust. In view of the difficulty of quantifying the evaluation indicators of the social effects of enterprise carbon accounts and the requirement of effect equalization, a variable-weight CFPR fuzzy VIKOR evaluation model was constructed. Compared with the traditional fuzzy VIKOR model, the variable-weight CFPR fuzzy VIKOR model can solve the problem of quantifying indicators and realize the balance between indicators. This method can better compare and analyze the social effects of each enterprise's carbon accounts and provides a basis for overall carbon account construction and digging improvement space.

Empirical research on household consumption carbon emissions and key impact factors in urban and rural China.

The analysis of household consumption carbon emissions (HCCEs), a significant source of CO2 emissions, is essential to achieving China's carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. Based on the calculation of urban and rural HCCEs during 2005-2019, the differences between urban and rural areas, spatial-temporal pattern and agglomeration characteristics of HCCEs were analyzed, and the panel quantile STIRPAT model was constructed to empirically test the influence of socioeconomic factors on urban and rural HCCEs at different quantile levels. The results indicate that, first, China's HCCEs are generally growing, indirect HCCEs are more than direct HCCEs, urban HCCEs are far more than rural, and the gap has a growing trend. Second, the urban and rural HCCEs have significant disequilibrium and agglomeration characteristics in space, and high-high and low-low agglomerations dominated the local region. Third, household size and the number of patent application authorizations increase the urban and rural HCCEs, while the consumption capacity and consumption structure inhibit the urban and rural HCCEs. In addition, the level of education also has an inhibitory effect on the rural HCCEs, while the aging degree of the population has a significant positive impact on the rural HCCEs when it is only at the 90th percentile. Finally, it is suggested to formulate differentiated emission reduction policies.