[Characteristics of lipids of microbial origin with regard to triglyceride composition and comparison of them to plant oils]. / Kharakteristika lipidov mikrobnogo proiskhozhdeniia po triatsilglitserinovomu sostavu i ikh sravnenie s rastitel'nymi maslami.

The triacylglycerol composition of lipids isolated from the yeasts Candida guilliermondii and C. humicola and of food vegetable oils was investigated by HPLC. The triacylglycerol composition of samples was compared using the program "Nearest neighbour" and by plotting images with the help of the software package STATGRAPHICS. The methods used allow us to conclude that microbial lipids are rather promising.

[Molecular forms of triacylglycerols in edible vegetable oils (review of the literature)]. / Molekuliarnye vidy triatsilglitserinov pishchevykh rastitel'nykh masel (obzor).

Data on the composition of major and minor molecular forms of triacylglycerols from edible vegetable oils are reviewed. To estimate the food and biological value of vegetable oils, an attempt was made to classify them according to their triacylglycerol composition.

[Pools and induction of lipid-transfer proteins in rat liver]. / Issledovanie pula i indutsibel'nosti lipidperenosiashchikh belkov v pecheni krys.

Poole of lipid-transferring proteins was studied by means of isotope dilution in supernatants of liver homogenates of rats maintained on highly carbohydrate diet or treated with phenobarbital. In the both animal groups pool of lipid-transferring proteins was higher as compared with controls. Administration of actinomycin D into the animals, kept on the carbohydrate diet, normalized the protein content, thus indicating the induction of the proteins.

[Apoprotein metabolic rate of high density lipoproteins in rat blood plasma normally and in exposure to an alimentary factor]. / Skorost' metabolizma apoproteinov lipoproteidov vyskoi plotnosti plazmy krovi u krys v norme i pri vozdeistvii alimentarnogo faktora.

Experiments with rats, maintained on a natural diet as well as on diets containing various amount of carbohydrates and fat, showed that the rate of turnover of high density apoproteins was high, half-life of apoprotein A-I was equal to 1.06 day, the rate of apoprotein A-II turnover was lower - its half-life was about 3 days. The diets containing high amount of carbohydrates and fat caused dissimilar effects on the rate of apoprotein A-I metabolism.

[Molecular types of breast milk triacylglycerols at various stages of lactation]. / Molekuliarnye tipy triatsilglitserinov zhenskogo moloka na razlichnykh stadiiakh laktatsii.

The composition of individual triacylglycerols was studied in women milk in various periods of lactation. The spectra of triacylglycerols were studied in the early lactation milk, in the mature milk and in the late lactation milk using a method of "main components", the program of "immediate neighbour" as well as by construction of graphic plot (by means of a set "Statgraphics"). The methods of calculation used enabled one to find great differences in the triacylglycerol spectrum of mature milk as compared with those of milk in the early and late periods of lactation.

[Phospholipid transport between subcellular membranes (a review)]. / Transport fosfolipidov mezhdu subkletochnymi membranami (obzor).

A review is presented on the transport of phospholipids between subcellular membranes and participation of specific intracellular lipoproteins in this process. Formation of the protein-lipid complex is specific in relation to both protein and phospholipid. The rate of turnover of various phospholipids is dissimilar in membranes; the most intensive transport of phospholipids occurs across the outer surface of the membranes. The most important properties of the phospholipid transferases are discussed and their specificity in the transport of various phospholipids is considered. Role of these proteins in differentiation of phospholipids in membranes of tiumoral cells, significance for simulation of the phospholipid composition of biomembranes in their reconstruction are also discussed.

[Identification of cholesterol esters using topological criteria]. / Identifikatsiia éfirov kholesterina na osove topologicheskikh indeksov.

Cholesterol esters obtained from biological sources were separated using highly-effective liquid chromatography. Identification of individual molecular forms of these esters was carried out by means of linear correlation between the period of their retaining and the topological indices by Balaban and Randich, describing the structure of descriptors (acyl group) in cholesterol esters.

[Effect of diet with high fat content on lipogenesis in the liver, lipid composition and lipoprotein spectrum of blood]. / Vliianie diet s vysokim sederzhamiem zhirov na lipogenez v pecheni, sostav lipidov i lipoproteidnyi spektr krovi

Content of lipids and lipoprotein composition in blood did not reflect the intensity of lipogenesis in liver tissue of rats, which were kept on diets with high content of vegetable or animal fats. Both diets with excess of fat increased the rate of acetylation reaction in synthesis of glycerides and esterification of free cholesterol in liver tissue. In this case secretion of synthesized lipids into blood was decreased. Excess of vegetable oil, as distinct from animal fat, decreased the content of glycerides, pre-beta and beta-lipoproteins in blood and activated the synthesis of free cholesterol in liver tissue.

[Cholesterol metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease with varying supplies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids]. / Obmen kholesterina u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa pri razlichnom obespechenii polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami semeistva omega-3.

Patients with ischemic heart disease and with hyperlipidemia of the IIa, IIb and IV types as well as not exhibiting any pronounced alterations in cholesterol metabolism were treated with various amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) introduced into the basic antiatherosclerotic diet: 1 group--content of the essential factor 0.2 g/day, 2 group--increased content of natural products with PUFA up to 1 g/day, 3 group--increased PUFA content due to the drug "euconol" 5 g/day. Administration of the PUFA omega-3 into the basic antiatherosclerotic diet contributed to development of adequate clinico-biochemical alterations; under these conditions content of alpha-cholesterol in blood correlated directly to concentration of polyunsaturated cholesterol esters and PUFA omega-3 (eicosapentaenate and docosahexaenate) as well as reverse correlation was found between content of total cholesterol and these molecular forms of cholesterol esters studied. Enrichment of the diet with PUFA omega-3 did not cause any alterations in content of primary bile acids in blood thus suggesting that PUFA omega-3 did not affect the cholesterol catabolism. These data enabled us to plot the graph for individual evaluation of cholesterol metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease involving alterations in the spectrum of esterified cholesterols in blood before and after the treatment course.

[Effect of qualitatively varied nutrition on the lipoprotein lipase activity in rat tissues]. / Vliianie kachestvenno razlichnogo pitaniia na aktivnost' lipoproteidnoi lipazy v tkaniakh krys.

Isocaloric food rations with a steady protein level, but differing proportions and quality of carbohydrates and fat produce a marked effect on the activity of the lipoprotein lipase in the fat tissue and liver of rats, affecting the blood insulin level to a lesser degree. In investigated tissues a reduced activity of the enzyme was noted to occur by using a ration carrying an excess amount of animal fat and of a diet with saccharose balanced in proportions of carbohydrates and fat. A fat-rich ration with a vegetable oil and a carbohydrate-rich ration with saccharose heighten the activity of the lipoprotein lipase both in the fat tissue and in the liver, but produce an opposite action on the blood insulin concentration. The absence of direct relation between the activity of the enzyme and the blood insulin level indicates that under the effect of food differed by its chemical composition the blood insulin concentration is not a decisive factor in regulating the activity of the lipoprotein lipase in tissues.

[Effect of rations with an increased sunflower seed oil level on the rate of very low-density lipoprotein formation in the liver, secretion into the blood and composition in the blood]. / Vliianie ratsionov s povyshennym urovnem podsolnechnogo masla na skorost' obrazovaniia v pecheni, sekretsiiu v krov' i kompozitsiiu u krovi lipoproteidov ochen' nizkoi plotnosti.

Feeding of rats on a ration with an excessive content of sunflower-oil (60 per cent of the total calorific value of the ration) for a period of 30 days resulted in lowering the rate of the apoproteins, prolipoproteins synthesis in the liver and in their loading with triglycerides and cholesterol. As a consequence of this it diminished secretion of endogenously formed tryglycerides and cholesterol from the liver into the blood and a changed lipid composition of lipoproteins of a very low density in the blood.

[Effect of dietary proteins on phospholipid transport between the subcellular membranes and restoration of lipid-transporting proteins in the liver]. / Vliianie belka ratsiona na transport fosfolipidov mezhdu subkletochnymi membranami i obnovlenie lipidperenosiashchikh belkov pecheni.

It has been demonstrated in experiments on Wistar rats that change in the protein quality and quota in the diet exerts an effect on intracellular phospholipid transport in the liver. In this case, the rate of the renewal of lipid-transporting proteins (LTP) in the liver decreases only with a considerable diminution of protein (6% of the diet caloric value). Sufficient quota of vegetable proteins in the diet (12% of the caloric value) produced changes in the rate of LTP synthesis only in the process of adaptation to a new protein source, deficient in individual amino acids.

[Mechanisms of the effect of qualitatively varying nutrition on the lipid level of the blood and liver]. / O nekotorykh mekhanizmakh vliianiia kachestvenno razlichnogo pitaniia na uroven' lipodov v krovi i pecheni.

Experiments on rats given isocaloric diets with different quantitative and qualitative composition of carbohydrates and fat ad libitum have shown that the amount of lipids in the blood and liver was in good agreement with the rate of apoprotein formation and its content in the liver. Qualitatively different feeding changes the ratio of the main apoproteins in very low-density lipoproteins of the blood and liver. This circumstance is responsible to a great measure for the content of very low-density lipoproteins in the blood.

[Intermembrane phospholipid transport and the metabolism of lipid-transporting liver proteins in rats on predominantly carbohydrate nutrition]. / Mezhmembrannyi transport fosfolipidov i metabolizm lipidperenosiashchikh belkov pecheni u krys pri preimushchestvenno uglevodnom pitanii.

Phospholipid transport across the subcellular membranes was shown to be speeded up under prolonged feeding of rats with a high carbohydrate diet including saccharose. The rate of lipid carrying liver protein metabolism increased that resulted in the reduced half-life of the proteins.

[Lipoprotein metabolism in the blood plasma and liver in alimentary dyslipoproteinemias in an experiment]. / Obmen lipoproteidov v plazme krovi i pecheni pri alimentarnykh dislipoproteidemiiakh v éksperimente.

It has been shown in rats with experimental alimentary dyslipoproteinemias that the rate of metabolism of the basic apoproteins of blood plasma lipoproteins and lipid-transporting proteins of the liver experiences certain changes. It is postulated that variation in the rate of metabolism of the proteins under consideration influences the intensity of lipid (phospholipid, cholesterol) exchange between different classes of lipoproteins in blood plasma as well as between the latter lipoproteins and plasma membranes of liver cells.

[Triacylglycerols in human milk and milk mixtures for infant feeding]. / Triatsilglitseriny zhenskogo moloka i molochnykh smesei dlia detskogo pitaniia.

High-performance liquid chromatography and computer program for identification of individual triacylglycerols (TAG) were employed for investigation of TAG composition of mature breast milk and 8 specimens of dry milk food for infants. The comparison was made by 15 molecular types of breast milk TAG using methods "close neighbour" and "star symbol plot" (Statgraphics). The composition appeared quite different. The design of artificial nutrition for infants basing on identity of fatty acids is believed inadequate as it cannot reproduce Tag composition of natural breast milk.

[Influence of diets with a high content of qualitatively different carbohydrates on the metabolism of blood lipoproteins]. / Vliianie pishchevykh ratsionov s vysokim soderzhaniem kachestvenno razlichnykh uglevodov na metabolizm lipoproteidov krovi.

The feeding of rats for a space of 30 days on diets with elevated content of starch or saccharose (71 per cent of the total calorific value) was followed by an accelerated synthesis and secretion into the blood of pre-beta-lipoproteins. The ration with succharose, however, produced a much greater effect on the rate of synthesis of pre-beta-lipoproteins than did the one containing starch. The action of both carbohydrate-rich rations was noted to be attended by a growing rate of the apoproteids and glycerides exchange in the low-density lipoproteins. The feature distinguishing the effect produced by the ration with saccharose, as compared with that containing starch, was an accelerated etherification of cholesterol in the blood.

[Comparative analysis of the composition of the molecular forms of triglycerides in the fat of iwashi sardines and of traditional plant oils]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz sostava molekuliarnykh form triglitseridov zhira sardiny ivasi i nekotorykh traditsionnykh rastitel'nykh masel.

A comparative analysis of molecular forms of triglycerides (MFTG) isolated from iwashi sardine fat and from certain routine vegetable oils (sunflower and corn oils) has shown that MFTG from iwashi fat considerably outnumber those from vegetable oils. Most triglycerides from ivasi fat contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFA) of p-3 series, and with the increase of the molecular mass the amount of PUSFA decreases insignificantly.

[The effect of excess amounts of qualitatively differing fats on liver lipogenesis]. / Ob osobennostiakh vliianiia izbytochnykh kolichestv kachestvenno razlichnykh zhirov na lipogenez pecheni

Tests conducted with rats receiving for 30 days isocaloric with control rations containing an elevated amount of animal or vegetable fats (lard, sunflower oil) demonstrated that the influence of the said fat-rich rations on the lipogenesis in the liver presents certain peculiarities that find their expression in a different intensity with which the components of the carbohydrate, fat and interstitial metabolism behave in reactions of the lipids synthesis. Both rations tend to slightly bring down the rate of the endogenous fatty acids formation but contribute to a more intensive synthesis of glycerides and fatty acids cholesterol ethers. The vegetable oils, where are prevalent polysaturated fatty acids, provoke an accelerated utilization of carbohydrates in the synthesis of the glycerin structure of glycerides and phospholipids, as well as of the palimitic acid metabolites and the C-2 fragments in the liver cholesterol synthesis.

[Influence of methandrostenolone on some aspects of protein metabolism in rats in the context of various protein rations]. / O vliianii metandrostenolona na nekotorye storony belkovogo obmena u krys na fone razlichnogo belkovogo pitaniia

Wistar male-rats receiving by mouth dianobol for 10 days and 9 months and fed on rations with different proportions of protein were investigated. Dianobol is shown to produce under definite conditions changes in the intensity of the protein synthesis in the muscle tissue and liver of the test animals and also to raise the activity of tryptophan-peroxidase and of alanine-amintransferase, the protein level in the ration being here of substantial importance. With its long-term administration to rats dianobol displays an androgenic effect on the gonads and the supernumerally genitals without exercising any stimulating action on the weight gain.