RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To compare the repeatability and reproducibility of corneal and corneal epithelial thickness mapping using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) according to tear film break-up time (TBUT). METHODS: The included eyes were divided into three subgroups according to TBUT (group 1: TBUT ≤ 5 s, group 2: 5 s < TBUT ≤ 10 s, and group 3: TBUT > 10 s). All eyes were imaged separately thrice by two operators to obtain the thickness maps (TMs) of the cornea and corneal epithelium based on spatial zones encompassing a 9-mm-diameter area. Each TM consisted of 25 areas. Intraoperator (repeatability) and interoperator (reproducibility) standard deviations (Sws), coefficients of variation (CoVs), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) among the tests were calculated and compared in all the areas. RESULTS: Altogether, 132 eyes of 67 subjects were included (50, 47, and 35 eyes in groups 1, 2, and 3; respectively). The ICCs of corneal epithelial thickness and corneal thickness were > 0.75 in most of the areas. Pairwise comparisons showed that AS-OCT exhibited lower repeatability in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). However groups 2 and 3 showed similar results. Sws and CoVs of corneal epithelial thickness exhibited no significant interoperator differences. While no significant differences were observed in corneal thickness in most of the areas. CONCLUSIONS: TBUT significantly influences the repeatability of corneal and corneal epithelial thickness measurements. Poor tear film stability requires careful evaluation of corneal epithelial thickness.
Assuntos
Córnea , Lágrimas , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Humanos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Feminino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Masculino , Lágrimas/fisiologia , Córnea/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epitélio Corneano/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem , Paquimetria Corneana/métodos , IdosoRESUMO
We report on the development of a two-beveled-fiber polarized (TBFP) fiber-optic Raman probe coupled with a ball lens for in vivo superficial epithelial Raman measurements in endoscopy. The two-beveled fibers positioned symmetrically along a ball lens, in synergy with paired parallel-polarized polarizers integrated between the fibers and the ball lens, maximize the Raman signal excitation and collection from the superficial epithelium where gastrointestinal (GI) precancer arises. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and two-layer tissue phantom experiments show that the probe developed detects â¼90% of the Raman signal from the superficial epithelium. The suitability of the probe developed for rapid (<3â s) superficial epithelial Raman measurements is demonstrated on fresh swine esophagus, stomach, and colon tissues, followed by their differentiation with high accuracies (92.1% for esophagus [sensitivity: 89.3%, specificity: 93.2%], 94.1% for stomach [sensitivity: 86.2%, specificity: 97.2%], and 94.1% for colon [sensitivity: 93.2%, specificity: 94.7%]). The presented results suggest the great potential of the developed probe for enhancing in vivo superficial epithelial Raman measurements in endoscopy.
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Cristalino , Lentes , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Colo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tecnologia de Fibra ÓpticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination coverage, willingness, and safety profiles in patients with epilepsy remain poorly understood. We aimed to summarize the available evidence of COVID-19 vaccination coverage, willingness, and safety profiles among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We performed a literature search in the Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register database between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2022. We included eligible studies that provided information on the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, willingness, and safety profiles among patients with epilepsy. We investigated the association between baseline characteristics of patients with epilepsy and unvaccination status using a fixed-effect model. We calculated the pooled overall willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. We systematically reviewed the safety profiles after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with epilepsy. RESULTS: Ten eligible observational studies and two case reports yielded 2589 participants with epilepsy or their caregivers. Among 2145 participants that provided the information of vaccination status, 1508 (70.3%) patients with epilepsy were not administered COVID-19 vaccine, and 58% (95%CI 40-75%) of respondents were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Seizure status (active versus inactive, OR 1.84 95%CI 1.41-2.39, I2â¯=â¯0%) rather than seizure type (focal versus non-focal, OR 1.22 95%CI 0.94-1.58, I2â¯=â¯0%) was associated with COVID-19 unvaccination status. Vaccines were well-tolerated; epilepsy-related problems such as increase in seizure frequency and status epilepticus after COVID-19 vaccination were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a low COVID-19 vaccination coverage and willingness in patients with epilepsy. Vaccination against COVID-19 appears to be well-tolerated and safe in patients with epilepsy, supporting a positive outlook toward vaccination in this population.
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COVID-19 , Epilepsias Parciais , Epilepsia , Anticonvulsivantes , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Humanos , ConvulsõesRESUMO
Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the main cause of poor prognosis for NPC patients after chemo- and radiotherapies. Subsequent long-term follow-ups of post-treatment patients are crucial for the early discovery of tumor recurrence with timely intervention. Current clinical imaging methods based on tissue morphology encounter difficulties in differentiating recurrent tumors from post-treatment inflammation and fibrosis. In this work, we apply a unique fiberoptic Raman endoscopy technique to address the challenges for label-free follow-up surveying of post-treatment NPC patients and accurate detection of tumor recurrence. Significant Raman spectral differences can be observed among normal, NPC, and nonrecurring post-treatment patients. Raman endoscopy provides diagnostic accuracy of 100% for detecting recurrent NPC from early post-treatment inflammation and diagnostic accuracy of 98.21% for separating recurrent NPC from long-term post-treatment fibrosis. Further quantitative Raman modeling on in vivo nasopharyngeal tissue Raman data acquired unveils the changes of major tissue biochemicals (e.g., triolein, elastin, keratin, fibrillar collagen, and type IV collagen) associated with primary NPC and post-treatment recurrent NPC tissue compared to normal nasopharyngeal tissue. This work demonstrates that fiberoptic Raman endoscopy can be a clinically powerful diagnostic tool for rapid, label-free post-treatment surveying and recurrent tumor detection in NPC patients at the molecular level.
Assuntos
Endoscopia/instrumentação , Endoscopia/métodos , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/terapia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/terapia , Análise Espectral Raman , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Seguimentos , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patologia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologiaRESUMO
In this work, we develop a deep learning-guided fiberoptic Raman diagnostic platform to assess its ability of real-time in vivo nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of NPC patients. The robust Raman diagnostic platform is established using innovative multi-layer Raman-specified convolutional neural networks (RS-CNN) together with simultaneous fingerprint and high-wavenumber spectra acquired within sub-seconds using a fiberoptic Raman endoscopy system. We have acquired a total of 15,354 FP/HW in vivo Raman spectra (control: 1761; NPC: 4147; and post-treatment (PT): 9446) from 888 tissue sites of 418 subjects (healthy control: 85; NPC: 82; and PT: 251) during endoscopic examination. The optimized RS-CNN model provides an overall diagnostic accuracy of 82.09% (sensitivity of 92.18% and specificity of 73.99%) for identifying NPC from control and post-treatment patients, which is superior to the best diagnosis performance (accuracy of 73.57%; sensitivity of 89.74%; and specificity of 58.10%) using partial-least-squares linear-discriminate-analysis, proving the robustness and high spectral information sensitiveness of the RS-CNN model developed. We further investigate the saliency map of the best RS-CNN models using the correctly predicted Raman spectra. The specific Raman signatures that are related to the cancer-associated biomolecular variations (e.g., collagens, lipids, and nucleic acids) are uncovered in the map, validating the diagnostic capability of RS-CNN models to correlate with biomolecular signatures. Deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for rapid screening and surveillance of NPC patients and can also be deployed for longitudinal follow-up monitoring of post-treatment NPC patients to detect early cancer recurrences in the head and neck.
Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Endoscopia , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise Espectral Raman , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Raman spectroscopy is an optical vibrational spectroscopic technique capable of probing specific biochemical structures and conformation of tissue and cells in biomedical systems. This work aims to assess the clinical utility of a fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy with nature-inspired genetic algorithms for enhancing in vivo detection and diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. The Raman diagnostic platform is developed based on simultaneous fingerprint (FP) and high-wavenumber (HW) fiber-optic Raman endoscopy associated with genetic algorithms-partial least-squares-linear discriminant analysis (GA-PLS-LDA). A total of 2126 in vivo FP/HW Raman spectra (598 NPC, 1528 normal) acquired from 113 tissue sites of 14 NPC patients and 48 healthy subjects during nasopharyngeal endoscopic examinations. Distinct Raman peaks have been identified (853 cm-1 - proteins, 1209 cm-1 - phenylalanine, 1265 cm-1 - proteins, 1335 cm-1 - proteins and nucleic acids, 1554 cm-1 - tryptophan, porphyrin, 2885 cm-1 - lipids, 2940 cm-1 - proteins, 3009 cm-1 - lipids, and 3250 cm-1 - water) that are related to the significant biochemical changes ( p < 1 × 10-5) in NPC compared to normal tissue. Raman diagnostic performance is evaluated through the leave-one-object (tissue site)-out cross-validation (LOOCV) method. A statistically significant GA-PLS-LDA model ( p < 1 × 10-5) on FP/HW Raman yields a CV diagnostic accuracy of 98.23% (111/113), sensitivity of 93.33% (28/30), and specificity of 100% (83/83) for NPC classification. This work demonstrates that the fiber-optic FP/HW Raman diagnostic platform developed has great promise for improving real-time in vivo detection and diagnosis of NPC at the molecular level during clinical nasopharyngeal endoscopy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Algoritmos , Análise Discriminante , Feminino , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/métodos , Humanos , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Espectral Raman/métodosRESUMO
We report the development and implementation of an epi-detected spectral-focusing hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging technique for label-free biomolecular subtyping of glioblastomas (GBMs). The hyperspectral SRS imaging technique developed generates SRS image stacks (from 2800 to 3020 cm-1 at 7 cm-1 intervals) within 30 s through controlling the time delay between the chirped pump and Stokes beams. SRS images at representative Raman shifts (e.g., 2845, 2885, and 2935 cm-1) delineate the biochemical variations and morphological differences between proneural and mesenchymal subtypes of GBMs. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis on hyperspectral SRS images enables the quantification of major biomolecule distributions in mesenchymal and proneural GBMs. Further principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) together with leave-one SRS spectrum-out, cross-validation (LOOCV) yields a diagnostic sensitivity of 96.7% (29/30) and specificity of 88.9% (28/36) for differentiation between mesenchymal and proneural subtypes of GBMs. This study shows great potential of applying hyperspectral SRS imaging technique developed for rapid, label-free molecular subtyping of GBMs in neurosurgery.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/classificação , Glioblastoma/classificação , Microscopia Óptica não Linear/métodos , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) must cope with exogenous oxidative stress imposed by the host. Unlike other antioxidant enzymes, Mtb's thioredoxin reductase TrxB2 has been predicted to be essential not only to fight host defenses but also for in vitro growth. However, the specific physiological role of TrxB2 and its importance for Mtb pathogenesis remain undefined. Here we show that genetic inactivation of thioredoxin reductase perturbed several growth-essential processes, including sulfur and DNA metabolism and rapidly killed and lysed Mtb. Death was due to cidal thiol-specific oxidizing stress and prevented by a disulfide reductant. In contrast, thioredoxin reductase deficiency did not significantly increase susceptibility to oxidative and nitrosative stress. In vivo targeting TrxB2 eradicated Mtb during both acute and chronic phases of mouse infection. Deliberately leaky knockdown mutants identified the specificity of TrxB2 inhibitors and showed that partial inactivation of TrxB2 increased Mtb's susceptibility to rifampicin. These studies reveal TrxB2 as essential thiol-reducing enzyme in Mtb in vitro and during infection, establish the value of targeting TrxB2, and provide tools to accelerate the development of TrxB2 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Homeostase/fisiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Tiorredoxina Dissulfeto Redutase/metabolismo , Tuberculose/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Immunoblotting , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologiaRESUMO
Chemotherapy for tuberculosis (TB) is lengthy and could benefit from synergistic adjuvant therapeutics that enhance current and novel drug regimens. To identify genetic determinants of intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we applied a chemical genetic interaction (CGI) profiling approach. We screened a saturated transposon mutant library and identified mutants that exhibit altered fitness in the presence of partially inhibitory concentrations of rifampin, ethambutol, isoniazid, vancomycin, and meropenem, antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action. This screen identified the M. tuberculosis cell envelope to be a major determinant of antibiotic susceptibility but did not yield mutants whose increase in susceptibility was due to transposon insertions in genes encoding efflux pumps. Intrinsic antibiotic resistance determinants affecting resistance to multiple antibiotics included the peptidoglycan-arabinogalactan ligase Lcp1, the mycolic acid synthase MmaA4, the protein translocase SecA2, the mannosyltransferase PimE, the cell envelope-associated protease CaeA/Hip1, and FecB, a putative iron dicitrate-binding protein. Characterization of a deletion mutant confirmed FecB to be involved in the intrinsic resistance to every antibiotic analyzed. In contrast to its predicted function, FecB was dispensable for growth in low-iron medium and instead functioned as a critical mediator of envelope integrity.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Parede Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Serina Proteases/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatases/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Parede Celular/genética , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Etambutol/farmacologia , Galactanos/biossíntese , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Bombas de Íon/deficiência , Bombas de Íon/genética , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Ligases/genética , Ligases/metabolismo , Manosiltransferases/genética , Manosiltransferases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Meropeném , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Ácidos Micólicos/metabolismo , Peptidoglicano/biossíntese , Rifampina/farmacologia , Serina Proteases/metabolismo , Tienamicinas/farmacologia , Vancomicina/farmacologiaRESUMO
We report on the development of a unique sideview handheld hybrid Raman spectroscopy (RS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique for real-time in vivo tissue measurements. A sideview handheld RS-OCT optical probe is designed to coalign the optical paths of RS and OCT sampling arms, whereby a compact long-pass dichroic mirror (LPDM) is utilized to transmit the OCT signal through a gradient index rod lens and a reflection mirror, whereas the LPDM deflects the tissue Raman signal by 90°, leading to coaligned RS/OCT optical samplings on the tissue. Further study shows that the hybrid RS and OCT technique developed is capable of simultaneously acquiring both morphological and biochemical information about the oral tissue in vivo, facilitating real-time, in vivo tissue diagnoses and characterizations in the oral cavity.
Assuntos
Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Humanos , Doenças da Boca/diagnósticoRESUMO
This study aims to assess the clinical utility of a rapid fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy technique developed for enhancing in vivo diagnosis of gastric precancer during endoscopic examination. We have developed a real-time fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy system capable of simultaneously acquiring both fingerprint (FP) (i.e., 800-1800 cm(-1)) and high-wavenumber (HW) (i.e., 2800-3600 cm(-1)) Raman spectra from gastric tissue in vivo at endoscopy. A total of 5792 high-quality in vivo FP/HW Raman spectra (normal (n = 5160); dysplasia (n = 155), and adenocarcinoma (n = 477)) were acquired in real-time from 441 tissue sites (normal (n = 396); dysplasia (n = 11), and adenocarcinoma (n = 34)) of 191 gastric patients (normal (n = 172); dysplasia (n = 6), and adenocarcinoma (n = 13)) undergoing routine endoscopic examinations. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) together with leave-one-patient-out cross validation (LOPCV) were implemented to develop robust spectral diagnostic models. The FP/HW Raman spectra differ significantly between normal, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma of the stomach, which can be attributed to changes in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and the bound water content. PLS-DA and LOPCV show that the fiber-optic FP/HW Raman spectroscopy provides diagnostic sensitivities of 96.0%, 81.8% and 88.2%, and specificities of 86.7%, 95.3% and 95.6%, respectively, for the classification of normal, dysplastic and cancerous gastric tissue, superior to either the FP or HW Raman techniques alone. Further dichotomous PLS-DA analysis yields a sensitivity of 90.9% (10/11) and specificity of 95.9% (380/396) for the detection of gastric dysplasia using FP/HW Raman spectroscopy, substantiating its clinical advantages over white light reflectance endoscopy (sensitivity: 90.9% (10/11), and specificity: 51.0% (202/396)). This work demonstrates that the fiber-optic FP/HW Raman spectroscopy technique has great promise for enhancing in vivo diagnosis of gastric precancer during routine endoscopic examination.
Assuntos
Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/métodos , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This study aims to characterize the in vivo Raman spectroscopic properties of normal colorectal tissues and to assess distinctive biomolecular variations of different anatomical locations in the colorectum for cancer diagnosis. We have developed a novel 785 nm excitation fiber-optic Raman endoscope that can simultaneously acquire in vivo fingerprint (FP) spectra (800-1800 cm(-1)) and high-wavenumber (HW) Raman spectra (2800-3600 cm(-1)) from the subsurface of colorectal tissue. We applied the FP/HW Raman endoscope for in vivo tissue Raman measurements of various normal colorectal anatomical locations (i.e., ascending colon (n = 182), transverse colon (n = 249), descending colon (n = 124), sigmoid (n = 212), and rectum (n = 362)) in 50 subjects. Partial least-squares (PLS)-discriminant analysis (DA) was employed to evaluate the interanatomical variability. The normal colorectal tissue showed a subtle interanatomical variability in molecular constituents (i.e., proteins, lipids, and water content) and could be divided into three major clusterings: (1) ascending colon and transverse colon, (2) descending colon, and (3) sigmoid and rectum. The PLS-DA multiclass algorithms were able to identify different tissue sites with varying sensitivities (SE) and specificities (SP) (ascending colon: SE: 1.10%, SP: 91.02; transverse colon: SE: 14.06%, SP: 78.78; descending colon: SE: 40.32%, SP: 81.99; sigmoid: SE: 19.34%, SP: 87.90; rectum: SE: 71.55%, SP: 77.84). The interanatomical molecular variability was orders of magnitude less than neoplastic tissue transformation. Further PLS-DA modeling on in vivo FP/HW tissue Raman spectra yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 88.8% (sensitivity: 93.9% (93/99); specificity 88.3% (997/1129) for colorectal cancer detection. This work discloses that interanatomical Raman spectral variability of normal colorectal tissue is subtle compared to cancer tissue, and the simultaneous FP/HW Raman endoscopic technique has promising potential for real-time, in vivo diagnosis of colorectal cancer at the molecular level.
Assuntos
Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/métodos , Reto/patologia , Análise Espectral Raman/métodos , Algoritmos , Análise Discriminante , Endoscopia , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of the two different endoscope-based fiber-optic Raman probe designs (i.e., bevelled and volume Raman probes) for real-time, in vivo detection of gastric dysplasia at endoscopy. To conduct the clinical comparison, a total of 1,050 in vivo tissue Raman spectra (normal: n = 864; dysplasia: n = 186) were acquired from 66 gastric patients (normal: n = 48; dysplasia: n = 18) by using bevelled Raman probe, while a total of 1,913 in vivo tissue Raman spectra (normal: n = 1,786; dysplasia: n = 127) were acquired from 98 gastric patients (normal: n = 87; dysplasia: n = 11) by using volume Raman probe. The bevelled Raman probe provides approximately twofold improvements in tissue Raman-to-autofluorescence intensity ratios as compared to the use of volume Raman probe. Partial least squares discriminant analysis together with leave-one patient-out cross-validation on in vivo tissue Raman spectra acquired yields a diagnostic accuracy of 93.0 % (sensitivity of 92.5 %; specificity of 93.1 %) for differentiating gastric dysplasia from normal gastric tissue by using the bevelled fiber-optic Raman probe, which is superior to the diagnostic performance (accuracy of 88.4 %; sensitivity of 85.8 %; specificity of 88.6 %) by using the volume Raman probe. This work demonstrates that the Raman spectroscopic technique coupled with bevelled fiber-optic Raman probe has great potential to enhance in vivo diagnosis of gastric precancer and early cancer at endoscopy. Graphical Abstract Comparison of in vivo gastric tissue Raman spectra acquired by using bevelled and volume fiber-optic Raman probes.
Assuntos
Tecnologia de Fibra Óptica/instrumentação , Gastroscopia/instrumentação , Análise Espectral Raman/instrumentação , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Estômago/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the characteristics and treatment of acute spinal cord decompression sickness. To explore the factors that influence the treatment effect. METHODS: 77 cases of acute spinal cord decompression sickness patients should be divided into 4 groups according to the pressurized treatment and drug treatment options. They were group I, group II, group III and group IV. At the same time they were get hyperbaric oxygen therapy and other treatment. The evaluation index, were Frankel function classification and paraplegia index. There were 17 factors that affected the treatment effect. RESULTS: The rate of early cure was 57.14% (44/77). The rate of late cure was 74.03% (57/77). Their difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In 3 months and 1 year the cure rate of group IV and group B were the highest. But there was no difference between them(P>0.05). They were higher than group ii and group I (P<0.05). The Frankel function classification in 3months and 1 year in each group was higher than before treatment (P<0.05). The paraplegia index in 3 months and 1 year in each group was lower than before treatment (P<0.05). In 3 months and 1 year the Frankel function classification was increased gradually and the paraplegia index was decreased gradually in group I , group II, group III (P<0.05). In group IV and group III the Frankel function and the paraplegia index had not significant difference (P>0.05). Among the 17 factors that affect the treatment effect there are 9 factors that affect the proportion of the large. CONCLUSIONS: The first choice of treatment method for the patients with acute spinal cord decompression sickness would be group III. Drug therapy was also imporpant. At the same time the hyperbaric oxygen therapy and other treatments were taken. Although the cure rate was not high in this article. But most of the cure is within 3 months. Within 1 year.the cure rate still could be improved. 9 factors that affect the efficacy of acute spinal cord decompression sickness was more noteworthy.
Assuntos
Doença da Descompressão/terapia , Mergulho/efeitos adversos , Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Paraplegia/fisiopatologia , Paraplegia/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Salidroside is the major bioactive and pharmacological active substance in Rhodiola rosea L. It has been reported to have neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, whether salidroside can enhance neural regeneration after cerebral I/R is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of salidroside on the endogenous neural regeneration after cerebral I/R and the related mechanism. METHODS: Focal cerebral I/R was induced in rats by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). The rats were intraperitoneally treated salidroside once daily for 7 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral assessments were performed at 3 days and 7 days after the injury. TTC staining was performed to assess cerebral infarct volume. To evaluate the survival of neurons, immunohistochemical staining of Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) in the ischemic hemisphere were conducted. Also, immunofluorescence double or triple staining of the biomarkers of proliferating neural progenitor cells in Subventricular Zone (SVZ) and striatum of the ischemia hemisphere were performed to investigate the neurogenesis. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Expression of Notch1 and its target molecular Hes1 were also analyzed by western-blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Salidroside treatment ameliorated I/R induced neurobehavioral impairment, and reduced infarct volume. Salidroside also restored NeuN positive cells loss after I/R injury. Cerebral I/R injury significantly increased the expression of 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecotin (DCX), elevated the number of BrdU/Nestin/DCX triple-labeled cells in SVZ, and BrdU/Nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) triple-labeled cells in striatum. Salidroside treatment further promoted the proliferation of BrdU/DCX labeled neuroblasts and BrdU/Nestin/GFAP labeled reactive astrocytes. Furthermore, salidroside elevated the mRNA expression and protein concentration of BDNF and NGF in ischemia periphery area, as well. Mechanistically, salidroside elevated Notch1/Hes1 mRNA expression in SVZ. The protein levels of them were also increased after salidroside administration. CONCLUSIONS: Salidroside enhances the endogenous neural regeneration after cerebral I/R. The mechanism of the effect may involve the regulation of BDNF/NGF and Notch signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Glucosídeos , Regeneração Nervosa , Fenóis , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Ratos , Masculino , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/tratamento farmacológico , Neurogênese/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Axial velocity gradient (AVG) in the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) signal affects measurement accuracy when the flow is not perpendicular to the scanning beam. We developed a dual beam OCTA method to decouple the contribution of AVG from the decorrelation signal. Decoupling is first verified by phantom experiments which reduces measurement uncertainty from 1.5 to 0.7% (standard deviation). We also tested the method in human skin in vivo and the results indicate that the contribution of AVG to decorrelation signal is reduced.
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Vitamin D reduces prostaglandin levels and inflammation, making it a promising treatment option for dysmenorrhoea. However, its effects on pain intensity in different types of dysmenorrhoea remain unclear. We examined whether vitamin D supplementation decreases pain intensity in patients with dysmenorrhoea. The Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to 30 December 2023. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating vitamin D supplementation effects on such patients were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were measured by the changes in pain intensity and rescue analgesic use, respectively. Pooled mean differences and rate ratios were calculated using a random-effect model; trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed. Overall, 11 studies involving 687 participants were included. Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased pain intensity in patients with dysmenorrhoea compared with controls (pooled mean difference, -1.64; 95% confidence interval, -2.27 to -1.00; p < 0.001; CoE, moderate; I2 statistic, 79.43%) and indicated substantial heterogeneity among the included studies. TSA revealed that the current RCTs provide sufficient information. In subgroup analyses, vitamin D supplement reduced primary dysmenorrhoea pain but not secondary dysmenorrhoea pain. In conclusion, although substantial heterogeneity persists, vitamin D supplementation decreased pain intensity in patients with dysmenorrhea, especially in those with primary dysmenorrhoea.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Dismenorreia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Vitamina D , Humanos , Dismenorreia/tratamento farmacológico , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Adulto , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem , AdolescenteRESUMO
To improve the signal collection efficiency of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for biomedical applications. A novel coaxial optical design was implemented, utilizing a wavefront-division beam splitter in the sample arm with a 45-degree rod mirror. This design allowed for the simultaneous collection of bright and dark field signals. The bright field signal was detected within its circular aperture in a manner similar to standard OCT, while the dark field signal passed through an annular-shaped aperture and was collected by the same spectrometer via a fiber array. This new configuration improved the signal collection efficiency by â¼3 dB for typical biological tissues. Dark-field OCT images were found to provide higher resolution, contrast and distinct information compared to standard bright-field OCT. By compounding bright and dark field images, speckle noise was suppressed by â¼ â2 . These advantages were validated using Teflon phantoms, chicken breast ex vivo, and human skin in vivo. This new OCT configuration significantly enhances signal collection efficiency and image quality, offering great potential for improving OCT technology with better depth, contrast, resolution, speckles, and signal-to-noise ratio. We believe that the bright and dark field signals will enable more comprehensive tissue characterization with the angled scattered light. This advancement will greatly promote the OCT technology in various clinical and biomedical research applications.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Desenho de Equipamento , Imagens de Fantasmas , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentação , Animais , Humanos , Pele/diagnóstico por imagem , Razão Sinal-Ruído , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodosRESUMO
We report on poly(ethylene oxide) based single ion conductors for solid polymer electrolytes. The widely agreed upon vehicle for cation movement in PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes is the single cation, in which the cation is solvated by PEO ether oxygens. Here we report a different vehicle that becomes active with strong anion-cation interactions. In the common perspective, increasing ion-ion interactions would increase ion association, decrease cation solvation, and disable cation movement. Decreasing these interactions would have the opposite effect. We vary cation-anion interaction strength, using anion charge delocalization in molecular dynamics simulations. This creates a series of systems with levels of ion aggregation from single cations (weak interaction) to mostly ion aggregates (strong interaction). Although in the weak model single cations are faster than those in ion pairs and aggregates, with stronger interactions a different mechanism emerges. Paired cations move the fastest by visiting different anion partners in succession. The importance of this observation lies in the possibility of decoupling cation movement from polymer motion, which is required to prevent dendrite formation in both Li and Na ion batteries.
RESUMO
Cancer staging is important to guide treatment and for prognostication. This work aims to demonstrate the ability of rapid fiberoptic Raman endoscopy for real-time in vivo cancer staging of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. We interrogate 278 tissue sites on the primary NPC with different cancer stages from 61 NPC patients and 50 healthy volunteers using rapid fiberoptic Raman endoscopy examination. Distinct Raman spectral differences of NPC at different cancer stages are observed through simultaneous fingerprint and high-wavenumber (FP/HW) Raman spectral measurements, reflecting the biomolecular differences of NPC tumor across various cancer stages. Raman staging model is established based on in vivo FP/HW tissue Raman spectra together with partial-least-squares linear-discriminant-analysis (PLS-LDA) and leave-one-tissue-site-out cross-validation (LOOCV). In vivo FP/HW Raman endoscopy provides an overall diagnostic accuracy of 92.81% for identifying different stages of NPC (i.e., NPC stage I&II and NPC stage III&IV) from normal nasopharynx. Specifically, the diagnostic sensitivity of 91.18% is obtained for identifying NPC stage I& II; and the sensitivity of 93.04% is achieved for classifying NPC stage III&IV from normal tissue. The key tissue biomolecular variations responsible for different NPC stages have been identified using biomolecular Raman modeling developed based on non-negative linear regression. The essential biomolecules (chondroitin sulfate, glucose, hemoglobin, oleic acid and triolein) are uncovered from the Raman spectra of NPC tissues through biomolecular modeling with significant variations (p < 0.05) between early-stage NPC (stage I and stage II) and late-stage NPC patients (stage III and stage IV). Our pivotal work demonstrates for the first time that fiberoptic Raman endoscopy is a robust analytical tool for real-time in vivo NPC staging in clinical settings.