Spectroscopic evidence of spin-state excitation in d-electron correlated semiconductor FeSb2.

Iron antimonide (FeSb2) has been investigated for decades due to its puzzling electronic properties. It undergoes the temperature-controlled transition from an insulator to an ill-defined metal, with a cross-over from diamagnetism to paramagnetism. Extensive efforts have been made to uncover the underlying mechanism, but a consensus has yet to be reached. While macroscopic transport and magnetic measurements can be explained by different theoretical proposals, the essential spectroscopic evidence required to distinguish the physical origin is missing. In this paper, through the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomic multiplet simulations, we have observed the mixed spin states of 3d 6 configuration in FeSb2. Furthermore, we reveal that the enhancement of the conductivity, whether induced by temperature or doping, is characterized by populating the high-spin state from the low-spin state. Our work constitutes vital spectroscopic evidence that the electrical/magnetical transition in FeSb2 is directly associated with the spin-state excitation.

Association between triglyceride-glucose index trajectories and radiofrequency ablation outcomes in patients with stage 3D atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index trajectories and the results of ablation in patients with stage 3D atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on patients who underwent AF Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) at the Cardiology Department of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2016 to December 2022. The main clinical endpoint was determined as the occurrence of atrial arrhythmia for at least 30 s following a 3-month period after ablation. Using a latent class trajectory model, different trajectory groups were identified based on TyG levels. The relationship between TyG trajectory and the outcome of AF recurrence in patients was assessed through Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The study included 997 participants, with an average age of 63.21 ± 9.84 years, of whom 630 were males (63.19%). The mean follow-up period for the participants was 30.43 ± 17.75 months, during which 200 individuals experienced AF recurrence. Utilizing the minimum Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and the maximum Entropy principle, TyG levels post-AF RFCA were divided into three groups: Locus 1 low-low group (n = 791), Locus 2 low-high-low group (n = 14), and Locus 3 high-high group (n = 192). Significant differences in survival rates among the different trajectories were observed through the Kaplan-Meier curve (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between baseline TyG level and AF recurrence outcomes (HR = 1.255, 95% CI: 1.087-1.448). Patients with TyG levels above 9.37 had a higher risk of adverse outcomes compared to those with levels below 8.67 (HR = 2.056, 95% CI: 1.335-3.166). Furthermore, individuals in Locus 3 had a higher incidence of outcomes compared to those in Locus 1 (HR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.146-2). CONCLUSION: The TyG trajectories in patients with stage 3D AF are significantly linked to the outcomes of AF recurrence. Continuous monitoring of TyG levels during follow-up may help in identifying patients at high risk of AF recurrence, enabling the early application of effective interventions.

TFAP2C inhibits cell autophagy to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating miR-23a-5p/SFRP5/Wnt5a axis.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury contributes to severe injury for cardiomyocytes. In this study, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of TFAP2C on cell autophagy in MI/R injury. MTT assay measured cell viability. The cells injury was evaluated by commercial kits. IF detected the level of LC3B. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay, ChIP or RIP assay were performed to verify the interactions between crucial molecules. We found that TFAP2C and SFRP5 expression were decreased while miR-23a-5p and Wnt5a increased in AC16 cells in response to H/R condition. H/R induction led to cell injury and induced autophagy, which were reversed by TFAP2C overexpression or 3-MA treatment (an autophagy inhibitor). Mechanistically, TFAP2C suppressed miR-23a expression through binding to miR-23a promoter, and SFRP5 was a target gene of miR-23a-5p. Moreover, miR-23a-5p overexpression or rapamycin reversed the protective impacts of TFAP2C overexpression on cells injury and autophagy upon H/R condition. In conclusion, TFAP2C inhibited autophagy to improve H/R-induced cells injury by mediating miR-23a-5p/SFRP5/Wnt5a axis.

Streptococcus taonis sp. nov., a novel bacterial species isolated from a blood culture of a patient.

One Gram stain-positive, catalase-negative, α-hemolytic, chain-forming or paired cocci, designated ST22-14T, was isolated from a blood culture of a child with suspected infection. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequences analyses showed that the most closely related species to strain ST22-14T were "Streptococcus vulneris" DM3B3T (99.2%), Streptococcus mitis NCTC 12261T (99.0%), "Streptococcus gwangjuense" ChDC B345T, (99.0%), Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani 7747T (99.0%), Streptococcus downii CECT 9732T (99.0%), and Streptococcus infantis ATCC 700779T (98.9%). The genome of strain ST22-14T consists of 2,053,261 bp with a G + C content of 39.4%. Average nucleotide identity values between strain ST22-14T and Streptococcus mitis NCTC 12261T or other five species were from 82.2 to 88.0%. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization of ST22-14T showed an estimated DNA reassociation value of 34.6% with the closest species. The main cellular fatty acids of strain ST22-14T were 16:0, 18:0, 14:0, 18:1ω7c and 18:1ω6c. Based on these results, strain ST22-14T should be classified as a novel species of genus Streptococcus, for which the name Streptococcus taonis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain ST22-14T = NBRC 116002T = BCRC 81402T).

Transcriptional signatures of cortical structural changes in chronic insomnia disorder.

Chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is a multidimensional disease that may influence various levels of brain organization, spanning the macroscopic structural connectome to microscopic gene expression. However, the connection between genomic variations and morphological alterations in CID remains unclear. Here, we investigated brain structural changes in CID patients at the whole-brain level and whether these link to transcriptional characteristics. Brain structural data from 104 CID patients and 102 matched healthy controls (HC) were acquired to examine cortical structural alterations using morphometric similarity (MS) analysis. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and transcriptome data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas were used to extract genomes related to MS changes. Gene-category enrichment analysis (GCEA) was used to identify potential molecular mechanisms behind the observed structural changes. We found that CID patients exhibited MS reductions in the parietal and limbic regions, along with enhancements in the temporal and frontal regions compared to HCs (pFDR < .05). Subsequently, PLS and GCEA revealed that these MS alterations were spatially correlated with a set of genes, especially those significantly correlated with excitatory and inhibitory neurons and chronic neuroinflammation. This neuroimaging-transcriptomic study bridges the gap between cortical structural changes and the molecular mechanisms in CID patients, providing novel insight into the pathophysiology of insomnia and targeted treatments.

Priming effect of individual similarity and ensemble perception in visual search and working memory.

Perceptual priming is a well-known phenomenon showing that the repetition of an object's feature can facilitate subsequent detection of that item. Although the priming effect has been rigorously studied in visual search, less is known about its effect on working memory and it is unclear whether the repetition of similar features, and furthermore, ensemble perception created by a large set of similar features, can induce priming. In this study, we investigated the priming effects of individual similarity and ensemble perception in visual search and visual working memory (VWM). We replicated the classic perceptual priming effect (Experiment 1a) and found that visual search was enhanced when the current target had a similar color to the previous target (Experiment 1b), but not when the similar color had been shown as a distractor before (Experiment 1c). However, if the target and distractors of similar colors formed ensemble perception, the search efficiency was again promoted even when the current target shared the same color with the previous distractor (Experiment 1d). For VWM, repeating the ensembles of the target- and nontarget-color subsets did not significantly affect the memory capacity, while switching the two harmed the memory fidelity but not capacity (Experiment 2). We suggest different underlying mechanisms for priming in visual search and VWM: in the former, the perception history of individual similarity and stimuli ensemble exert their effects on through the priority map, by forming a gradient distribution of attentional weights that peak at the previous target feature and diminish as stimulus diverges from the previously selected one; while in the latter, perception history of memory ensemble may influence the deployment of existing memory resources across trials, thereby affecting the memory fidelity but not its capacity.

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of gastric cardia cancer.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Aberrant DNA methylation has been found in various cancer types including gastric cancer, yet the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to profile the DNA methylation pattern of GCC and identify promising diagnostic epigenetic biomarkers. METHODS: We investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in eight pairs of GCC and adjacent normal tissues using Illumina 850K microarrays. Subsequently, bisulfite-pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time PCR were performed on eight pairs of GCC-adjacent normal tissues for validation. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry to examine ADHFE1 expression on 126 pairs of GCC-adjacent normal samples. RESULTS: DNA methylome analysis showed global hypomethylation and local hypermethylation of promoter cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands (CGIs) in GCC tissues compared with gastric cardia normal mucosa (P < 2.2 × 10-16 ). Differential methylation analysis identified a total of 91 723 differentially-methylated probes (DMPs), and the candidate gene with the largest average DNA methylation difference mapped to ADHFE1 (mean Δß = 0.53). Subsequently, three DMPs in the ADHFE1 promoter were validated by pyrosequencing. Notably, the mean methylation level of the three candidate DMPs (ADHFE1_cg08090772, ADHFE1_cg19283840, and ADHFE1_cg20295442) was negatively associated with ADHFE1 mRNA expression level (Spearman rho = -0.64, P = 0.01). Moreover, both mRNA (P = 0.0213) and protein (P < 0.0001) expression of ADHFE1 were significantly decreased in GCCs compared with the adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal DNA methylation aberrations in GCC and that ADHFE1 gene DNA methylation contributes to the risk of GCC, thus providing novel mechanistic insights into gastric cardia cancer carcinogenesis.

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera Attenuate Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet via a Pathway Dependent on AMP-Activated Protein Kinase.

BACKGROUND: Obesity-related metabolic diseases have recently evoked worldwide attention. Studies have demonstrated that Enteromorpha polysaccharide (EP) exerts lipid-lowering effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether EP regulates lipid metabolism disorders in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity via an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. METHODS: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (18 ± 2 g) were fed a normal diet (ND; 10% energy from fats) or an HFD (60% energy from fats) for 6 weeks to induce obesity and treated intragastrically with EP (200 mg/kg body weight) or distilled water (10 mL/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Biochemical indicators, AMPK-dependent pathways, and lipid metabolism-related genes were evaluated to assess the effects of EP on HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders. The essential role of AMPK in the EP-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism was confirmed using HFD-fed male Ampka2-knockout mice (aged 6 weeks; 17 ± 2 g) treated or not treated with the above-mentioned dose of EP. The data were analyzed by t-tests, 2-factor and 1-way ANOVAs. RESULTS: Compared to the ND, the HFD resulted in a greater body weight (24.3%), perirenal fat index (2.2-fold), and serum total cholesterol (24.66%) and LDL cholesterol (1.25-fold) concentrations (P < 0.05) and dysregulated the AMPK-dependent pathway and the expression of most lipid metabolism-related genes (P < 0.05). Compared to the HFD, EP treatment resulted in a lower perirenal fat index (31.22%) and LDL cholesterol concentration (23.98%) and partly reversed the dysregulation of the AMPK-dependent pathway and the altered expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (P < 0.05). Ampka2 knockout abolished the above-mentioned effects of EP in obese mice and the EP-mediated effects on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that EP can ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders in mice with HFD-induced obesity via an AMPK-dependent pathway.

Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera Attenuate Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet via a Pathway Dependent on AMP-Activated Protein Kinase.

BACKGROUND: Obesity-related metabolic diseases have recently evoked worldwide attention. Studies have demonstrated that Enteromorpha polysaccharide (EP) exerts lipid-lowering effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether EP regulates lipid metabolism disorders in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity via an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway. METHODS: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (18 ± 2 g) were fed a normal diet (ND; 10% energy from fats) or an HFD (60% energy from fats) for 6 weeks to induce obesity and treated intragastrically with EP (200 mg/kg body weight) or distilled water (10 mL/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Biochemical indicators, AMPK-dependent pathways, and lipid metabolism-related genes were evaluated to assess the effects of EP on HFD-induced lipid metabolism disorders. The essential role of AMPK in the EP-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism was confirmed using HFD-fed male Ampka2-knockout mice (aged 6 weeks; 17 ± 2 g) treated or not treated with the above-mentioned dose of EP. The data were analyzed by t-tests, 2-factor and 1-way ANOVAs. RESULTS: Compared to the ND, the HFD resulted in a greater body weight (24.3%), perirenal fat index (2.2-fold), and serum total cholesterol (24.66%) and LDL cholesterol (1.25-fold) concentrations (P < 0.05) and dysregulated the AMPK-dependent pathway and the expression of most lipid metabolism-related genes (P < 0.05). Compared to the HFD, EP treatment resulted in a lower perirenal fat index (31.22%) and LDL cholesterol concentration (23.98%) and partly reversed the dysregulation of the AMPK-dependent pathway and the altered expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (P < 0.05). Ampka2 knockout abolished the above-mentioned effects of EP in obese mice and the EP-mediated effects on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that EP can ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders in mice with HFD-induced obesity via an AMPK-dependent pathway.

EGCG protects against myocardial I/RI by regulating lncRNA Gm4419-mediated epigenetic silencing of the DUSP5/ERK1/2 axis.

BACKGROUND: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has attracted increasing attention due to its beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism by which EGCG protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). METHODS: Murine myocardial I/RI and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury models were established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of EGCG. In the myocardial I/RI mouse model, the echocardiographic parameters of ejection fraction (EF) and fraction shortening (FS) levels, infarct size, histological evaluation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate cardiac tissue damage and autophagy. MTT assays, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to monitor cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of key molecules, respectively. The epigenetic regulation of DUSP5 was assessed via RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS: EGCG significantly improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size, enhanced cell viability and inhibited autophagic activity in both myocardial I/RI mouse models and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury models. Moreover, EGCG suppressed H2O2- or myocardial I/R-increased Gm4419 expression, and Gm4419 overexpression dramatically abolished EGCG-mediated protective effects against myocardial I/RI. Mechanistically, Gm4419 epigenetically suppressed DUSP5 by recruiting EZH2, thus activating ERK1/2 pathway-mediated autophagy. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments further verified that the Gm4419-mediated disruptive effects of EGCG on myocardial I/RI were potentiated by DUSP5 knockdown but attenuated by DUSP5 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that EGCG protected against myocardial I/RI by modulating Gm4419/DUSP5/ERK1/2-mediated autophagy.

Postnatal overfeeding induces hepatic microRNA-221 expression and impairs the PI3K/AKT pathway in adult male rats.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that postnatal overfeeding induces childhood obesity, which is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. MicroRNA-221 (miR-221) is involved in the development of obesity and has been reported to negatively regulate insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS: Rats raised in small litters (SLs, three pups/dam, n = 10) and normal litters (NLs, 10 pups/dam, n = 10) were used to model early postnatal overfeeding and act as controls, respectively. miR-221 and proteins related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway were assessed in the liver. RESULTS: Early postnatal overfeeding significantly increased body weight, visceral fat index, blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance at 9 weeks. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis revealed that postnatal overfeeding induced insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2 expression, but decreased PI3K and AKT phosphorylation in the liver. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that hepatic miR-221 was significantly overexpressed in the SL group. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that postnatal overfeeding induces hepatic miR-221 overexpression and impairs the PI3K/AKT signal pathway, which may cause insulin resistance. IMPACT: We first report postnatal overfeeding induces hepatic miR-221 expression. Postnatal overfeeding impairs PI3K/AKT pathway in the liver of adult rats. Postnatal overfeeding induces obesity and high blood glucose. Avoidance of overfeeding during early postnatal life may prevent obesity and T2DM.

Metformin-Induced Epigenetic Toxicity in Zebrafish: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies.

The increased detection of many prescription drugs in aquatic environments has heightened concerns of their potential ecotoxicological effects. In this study, the effects of metformin (MEF) exposure on tissue accumulation, gene expression, and global DNA methylation (GDM) in zebrafish were investigated. The toxic mechanism of MEF exposure was simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) to reveal any conformational changes to DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). The results showed MEF accumulation in the gills, gut, and liver of zebrafish after 30 days of exposure, and the bioaccumulation capacity was in the order of gut > liver > gills. After a 30 day recovery period, MEF could still be detected in zebrafish tissues in groups exposed to MEF concentrations ≥ 10 µg/L. Moreover, the liver was the main site of GDM, and the restoration of GDM in the liver was slower than that in the gut and gills during the recovery period. Furthermore, MEF could induce the abnormal expression of CYP3A65, GSTM1, p53, and DNMT1 genes in the liver due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between MEF and the protein residues of those genes. The MD simulation allowed for the mechanistic determination of MEF-induced three-dimensional (3D) conformational changes and changes to the catalytic activity of DNMT1.

Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates heat stroke-induced multiple organ dysfunction and inflammatory responses by induction of stress proteins and activation of autophagy in rats.

Objective: Heat stroke (HS) elicits the systemic inflammatory responses that result in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Heat shock response and autophagy are activated during heat stress for removal of damaged organelles and proteins, emerging as a major regulator of cellular homeostasis. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a derivative of pyruvic acid and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of EP on MOD in HS rats and explore the possible mechanisms.Method: Anesthetized rats were placed in a heating chamber (42 °C) to elevate the core body temperature attaining to 42.9 °C. Rats were then moved to room temperature and monitored for 6 h. EP (60 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 30 min prior to heat exposure.Results: Results showed that EP significantly reduced HS-induced increases in plasma levels of LDH, CPK, GPT and CK-MB, reversed the decrease of platelet counts, and alleviated intestinal mucosal and pulmonary damage. Moreover, EP reduced pro-inflammatory protein, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, HMGB1 and iNOS, and induced stress proteins, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP90 in the liver of HS rats. The levels of HS-activated autophagy-regulatory proteins were affected by EP, in which the phosphorylated mTOR and AKT were reduced, and the phosphorylated AMPK increased, accompanied with upregulation in ULK1, Atg7, Atg12 and LC3II, and downregulation of p62.Conclusion: In conclusion, EP ameliorated HS-induced inflammatory responses and MOD, and the underlying mechanism is associated with the induction of the stress proteins HO-1 and HSP70 as well as restorage of autophagy.

Perineural Invasion is a Better Prognostic Indicator than Lymphovascular Invasion and a Potential Adjuvant Therapy Indicator for pN0M0 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) at pN0M0 can be more locally aggressive and disseminated than those with lymph node and distant metastasis. Perineural invasion (PNI) is reported as a poor prognostic factor in cancer and is thought to be related to regional tumor spread and metastasis. However, its clinicopathological role and meaning for treatment in pN0M0 ESCC are unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We applied scoring methods of PNI and lymphatic and vascular invasion (LI, VI) based on immunohistochemistry staining on tumor tissues of pN0M0 ESCC patients. ROC analyses, Kaplan-Meier analyses, Cox regression, and χ2 test were performed for survival analysis, comparison of PNI with LI and VI, and exploration of the relevance between PNI and other clinicopathological features. RESULTS: Presence of PNI was significantly associated with poor survival in pN0M0 patients, whereas LI and VI were not predictive of outcome (P > 0.05). Neural invasion index (NII), defined as the ratio of the number of tumor-invaded nerves to the total number of nerves per tumor microsection, was the most consistent measure of PNI (P = 0.006, HR = 6.892, 1.731-27.428). Postoperative radiotherapy significantly improved survival in high-NII patients (P = 0.035, HR = 0.390, 0.163-0.936). CONCLUSIONS: PNI is an important risk factor for the outcome of pN0M0 ESCC patients. NII can be used for risk assessment and to tailor adjuvant radiotherapy in this population.

MiR-30c-5p mediates inflammatory responses and promotes microglia survival by targeting eIF2α during Cryptococcus neoformans infection.

Cryptococcosis is a disease predominantly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in China and C. neoformans is the main form that causes cryptococcal meningitis. In this study, we examined the influence of MiR-30c-5p during Cryptococcus neoformans infection. microRNAs were extracted from Cerebrospinal fluid and sera of patients. To identify pathogenic microRNAs, RNASeq were performed. The results were confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), transient transfection of siRNAs or microRNA mimics into cultured BV2 cell, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, luciferase assay and immunohistochemistry. In this study we found that miR-30c expression was downregulated and that inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy were activated. The overexpression of miR-30c-5p significantly inhibited inflammation and autophagic activity and decreased apoptosis, and treatment with sieIF2α resulted in a significant decrease in inflammation, apoptosis. In addition, clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with cryptococcal meningitis who have undergone standard antifungal treatment showed that the expression of miR-30c-5p was increased while that of eIF2α was decreased, which was in accordance with the in vitro experiments. These studies demonstrated that miRNA-30c-5p can inhibit inflammatory, apoptotic, and autophagic activity through the eIF2α/ATF4 pathway, and it is thus a potential target for the diagnosis, treatment, and detection of cryptococcal meningitis.

Persistent DNA methylation changes in zebrafish following graphene quantum dots exposure in surface chemistry-dependent manner.

Modified nano-graphene quantum dots (M-GQDs) are widely used in bioimaging, drug delivery, and chemical engineering. Because M-GQDs could induce reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, we hypothesized that M-GQDs modulate DNA methylation. To test this hypothesis, zebrafish were exposed to reduced, hydroxylated, or aminated GQDs (graphene quantum dots) at different concentrations for 7 days; global DNA methylation in liver, gill, and intestine was then studied. M-GQDs induced global DNA hypermethylation in various tissues in a dose-dependent manner. The global DNA methylation of reduced and aminated GQDs exposure showed a significant increase in intestines even at low concentrations (2 mg/L), suggesting that intestines are the main target for these two M-GQDs. The effects of global DNA methylation were evaluated 14 days after exposure had ceased. DNA methylation in the livers of exposure groups was significantly higher than in control zebrafish. Global DNA methylation increased in livers of zebrafish even after exposure to aminated GQDs (2 mg/L) had ceased, indicating a more complex mechanism of DNA methylation deregulation. The present results showed that chemical groups in the surface of GQDs are a critical factor for modulating DNA methylation.

Assessment of trace metal contamination and ecological risk in the forest ecosystem of dexing mining area in northeast Jiangxi Province, China.

Samples of soil, earthworms, and tree roots from the forest ecosystem in the Dexing Pb/Zn mining area of Jiangxi Province were collected and the status of trace metal pollution analyzed to assess potential ecological risks. Chemometric and geographic information system methods were used to identify and describe the spatial distributions and the main contamination sources of trace metals. The order of potential ecological risks of trace metals in this area are as follows: cadmium (Cd) > arsenic (As) > copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > lead (Pb) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn). Elemental spatial distribution maps showed the existence of zones heavily polluted by trace metals around the mining area. Earthworms and roots of three tree species were also heavily contaminated, with concentrations of trace metals in earthworms much higher than in previous studies. The potential ecological risk index and other soil quality indices indicated that soil had moderate to severe contamination and there were high ecological risks, with Cd making the greatest contribution. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that Cd, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in soil came from a mining activity source, whereas Ni and Cr primarily originated from a natural source.

High Resistance Index in the Feeding Arteries of Indirect Carotidcavernous Fistulae: A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCFs) are classified into the direct and indirect types, which can be attributed to trauma, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pregnant or postmenopausal status(1). Cerebral angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of CCFs. Doppler ultrasound, which typically reveals increased blood flow velocity and decreased resistance index (RI) in the feeding arteries, can assist in the diagnosis(2-3). We herein report a case of indirect CCF presenting with high RI in the feeding arteries, which is mainly attributed to the generalized atherosclerotic change, and is regarded as a diagnostic pitfall of the CCFs.

Adsorption behavior of diclofenac-containing wastewater on three kinds of sewage sludge.

Diclofenac (DCF) is one of the most frequently detected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the water environment. One of the main removal routes of DCF in wastewater is sludge adsorption, and the mechanisms need to be investigated. In this study, the effects of adsorption time, temperature, pH value, and ionic strength on the adsorption of DCF on suspended particles (SP), secondary sedimentation tank sludge (SSTS) and concentrated sludge (CS) were investigated. The results showed that most of the adsorption of DCF by the three matrices was conducted in the first 4 h and equilibrium was achieved at 8 h. The adsorption kinetics were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order model and the rate constants were 0.29-0.88 mg·(µg·min)-1, with chemical adsorption as the dominant one. Adsorption isotherm conformed to Freundlich, Langmuir and Linear adsorption isotherm models. The order of adsorption capacity was: CS > SSTS > SP, which was proportional to the organic matter content and specific surface area of the adsorbents. The decrease of the pH value and the increase of ionic strength promoted the adsorption of DCF. The results can provide data support for the removal of DCF from different treatment unit types in wastewater treatment plants.

Patrilineal background of the She minority population from Chaoshan Fenghuang Mountain, an isolated mountain region, in China.

The She ethnic minority population is distributed in southern China. The origin of the She population has been controversial. The purpose of this work was to investigate the genomic diversity of She. The Chaoshan She population living in the Chaoshan Fenghuang mountain is a relatively isolated population. We detected 14 Y chromosome biallelic markers (Y-SNPs) and 6 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci in Chaoshan She people. Y-SNP analysis showed the Chaoshan She was closely related to the Chaoshan Hakka, Chaoshanese, Tujia and Gaoshan national minority. Compared with the Fujian She, the Chaoshan She maintained a more southern native genetic structure. Y-STR analysis revealed the Chaoshan She population was more closely related to the Hakka population than the other Hans. We concluded the Chaoshan She population had a closer genetic relationship with the southern national minority and Hakka Han and it may be representative of She ancestors' patrilineal genetic structure.