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1.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 205(3): 599-607, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38491334

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study focused on identifying a hereditary predisposition in women previously diagnosed with early-onset breast cancer through a retrospective outreach activity (Traceback). The objectives were to evaluate the possible clinical implementation of a simplified Traceback strategy and to identify carriers of pathogenic variants among previously untested women. METHODS: Three hundred and fifteen Traceback-eligible women diagnosed with breast cancer at 36-40 years in Southern Sweden between 2000 and 2019 were identified and offered an analysis of the genes ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D through a standardized letter. Women who chose to participate were asked about their experiences through a questionnaire. The workload for the study personnel was measured and recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-six women underwent genetic testing and pathogenic variants were identified in 9.7%: ATM (n = 6), BARD1 (n = 1), BRCA1 (n = 3), CHEK2 (n = 5), and PALB2 (n = 2). Women with normal test results were informed through a standardized letter. Carriers of pathogenic variants were contacted by telephone and offered in-person genetic counseling. One hundred and thirty-four women returned the subsequent questionnaire. Most study participants were satisfied with both written pre- and post-test information and many expressed their gratitude. The extra workload as compared to routine clinical genetic counseling was modest (8 min per patient). CONCLUSION: The insights from the participants' perspectives and sentiments throughout the process support the notion that the Traceback procedure is a safe and an appreciated complement to routine genetic counseling. The genetic yield of almost 10% also suggests that the associated extra workload for genetic counselors could be viewed as acceptable in clinical implementation scenarios.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Feminino , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Suécia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Idade de Início , Aconselhamento Genético , Mutação , Implementação de Plano de Saúde
2.
Cancer ; 129(6): 946-955, 2023 03 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36601958

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the psychosocial consequences of surveillance with whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in individuals with the heritable TP53-related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome, also known as the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, with regard to cancer worry, perceived benefits and risks to surveillance and overall health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since 2016, the national Swedish TP53 Study (SWEP53) has offered surveillance with WB-MRI to all individuals with hTP53rc syndrome. Seventy-five individuals have been included in the study. Sixty consecutive participants fulfilled a base-line evaluation as well as an evaluation after 1 year with structured questionnaires including the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS), perceived benefits and risks of surveillance, and the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Individuals with or without previous personal cancer diagnosis were enrolled and results at baseline and after 1 year of surveillance were compared. For SF-36, a comparison with the normal population was also made. RESULTS: Participants with previous cancer tend to worry more about cancer, but both individuals with and without cancer had a positive attitude toward surveillance with no differences regarding perceived benefits and barriers to surveillance. Participants with a previous cancer scored significantly lower on some of the SF-36 subscales, but between-group differences were found only for social functioning after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Surveillance with WB-MRI is feasible from a psychosocial point of view both among TP53 carriers with as well as without a previous history of cancer and does not increase cancer worry in any of the groups. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Individuals with heritable TP53-related cancer syndrome (also known as the Li-Fraumeni syndrome) have a high lifetime risk of developing cancer. These TP53 carriers are offered surveillance with whole-body MRI to detect cancer early. There are few reports of the psychosocial impact of surveillance. In this study, we wanted to evaluate cancer worry, benefits and barriers to participation, and perceived overall health. Our study shows no increase in cancer worry after 1 year of surveillance, regardless of previous cancer.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni , Humanos , Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni/genética , Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni/epidemiologia , Suécia/epidemiologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Heterozigoto , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Imagem Corporal Total/métodos , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Predisposição Genética para Doença
3.
Br J Cancer ; 123(11): 1608-1615, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32939053

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The natural history of breast cancer among BRCA2 carriers has not been clearly established. In a previous study from Iceland, positive ER status was a negative prognostic factor. We sought to identify factors that predicted survival after invasive breast cancer in an expanded cohort of BRCA2 carriers. METHODS: We studied 608 women with invasive breast cancer and a pathogenic BRCA2 mutation (variant) from four Nordic countries. Information on prognostic factors and treatment was retrieved from health records and by analysis of archived tissue specimens. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated for breast cancer-specific survival using Cox regression. RESULTS: About 77% of cancers were ER-positive, with the highest proportion (83%) in patients under 40 years. ER-positive breast cancers were more likely to be node-positive (59%) than ER-negative cancers (34%) (P < 0.001). The survival analysis included 584 patients. Positive ER status was protective in the first 5 years from diagnosis (multivariate HR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.26-0.93, P = 0.03); thereafter, the effect was adverse (HR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.07-3.39, P = 0.03). The adverse effect of positive ER status was limited to women who did not undergo endocrine treatment (HR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.26-4.44, P = 0.01) and patients with intact ovaries (HR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.11-3.59, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The adverse effect of a positive ER status in BRCA2 carriers with breast cancer may be contingent on exposure to ovarian hormones.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Países Escandinavos e Nórdicos
4.
BMC Genomics ; 20(1): 503, 2019 Jun 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31208318

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Accurate classification of breast cancer using gene expression profiles has contributed to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms behind the disease and has paved the way for better prognostication and treatment prediction. RESULTS: We found that miRNA profiles largely recapitulate intrinsic subtypes. In the case of HER2-enriched tumors a small set of miRNAs including the HER2-encoded mir-4728 identifies the group with very high specificity. We also identified differential expression of the miR-99a/let-7c/miR-125b miRNA cluster as a marker for separation of the Luminal A and B subtypes. High expression of this miRNA cluster is linked to better overall survival among patients with Luminal A tumors. Correlation between the miRNA cluster and their precursor LINC00478 is highly significant suggesting that its expression could help improve the accuracy of present day's signatures. CONCLUSIONS: We show here that miRNA expression can be translated into mRNA profiles and that the inclusion of miRNA information facilitates the molecular diagnosis of specific subtypes, in particular the clinically relevant sub-classification of luminal tumors.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/classificação , Análise por Conglomerados , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina não Supervisionado
5.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 173(2): 313-318, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30311024

RESUMO

PURPOSE: In the BRCAsearch study, unselected breast cancer patients were prospectively offered germline BRCA1/2 mutation testing through a simplified testing procedure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate satisfaction with the BRCAsearch testing procedure and, furthermore, to report on uptake rates of prophylactic surgeries among mutation carriers. METHODS: Pre-test information was provided by a standardized invitation letter instead of in-person genetic counseling. The patients were offered contact with a genetic counselor for telephone genetic counseling if they felt a need for that. Mutation carriers were telephoned and given a time for a face-to-face post-test genetic counseling appointment. Non-carriers were informed about the test result through a letter. One year after the test results were delivered, a study-specific questionnaire was mailed to the study participants who had consented to testing. The response rate was 83.1% (448 of 539). RESULTS: A great majority (96.0%) of the responders were content with the method used for providing information within the study, and 98.7% were content with having pursued genetic testing. 11.1% answered that they would have liked to receive more oral information. In an adjusted logistic regression model, patients with somatic comorbidity (OR 2.56; P = 0.02) and patients born outside of Sweden (OR 3.54; P = 0.01) were more likely, and patients with occupations requiring at least 3 years of university or college education (OR 0.37; P = 0.06) were less likely to wanting to receive more oral information. All 11 mutation carriers attended post-test genetic counseling. At a median follow-up of 2 years, the uptake of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was 100%, and the uptake of prophylactic mastectomy was 55%. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfaction with a simplified BRCA1/2 testing procedure was very high. Written pre-test information has now replaced in-person pre-test counseling for breast cancer patients in our health care region.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Satisfação do Paciente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Aconselhamento Genético/métodos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Mastectomia Profilática/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Salpingo-Ooforectomia/estatística & dados numéricos
6.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 177(2): 447-455, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31236809

RESUMO

PURPOSE: It is not known if mammographic breast compression of a primary tumor causes shedding of tumor cells into the circulatory system. Little is known about how the detection of circulating biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is affected by breast compression intervention. METHODS: CTCs and ctDNA were analyzed in blood samples collected before and after breast compression in 31 patients with primary breast cancer scheduled for neoadjuvant therapy. All patients had a central venous access to allow administration of intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which enabled blood collection from superior vena cava, draining the breasts, in addition to sampling from a peripheral vein. RESULTS: CTC and ctDNA positivity was seen in 26% and 65% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant increase of ctDNA after breast compression in central blood (p = 0.01), not observed in peripheral testing. No increase related with breast compression was observed for CTC. ctDNA positivity was associated with older age (p = 0.05), and ctDNA increase after breast compression was associated with high Ki67 proliferating tumors (p = 0.04). CTCs were more abundant in central compared to peripheral blood samples (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant release of CTCs after mammographic breast compression but more CTCs were present in central compared to peripheral blood. No significant difference between central and peripheral levels of ctDNA was observed. The small average increase in ctDNA after breast compression is unlikely to be clinically relevant. The results give support for mammography as a safe procedure from the point of view of CTC and ctDNA shedding to the blood circulation. The results may have implications for the standardization of sampling procedures for circulating tumor markers.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , DNA Tumoral Circulante , DNA de Neoplasias , Mamografia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Contagem de Células , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Mamografia/efeitos adversos , Mamografia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante
7.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 178(2): 459-467, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31432367

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and human epidermal receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancers are classified as Luminal A or B based on gene expression, but immunohistochemical markers are used for surrogate subtyping. The aims of this study were to examine the agreement between molecular subtyping (MS) and surrogate subtyping and to identify subgroups consisting mainly of Luminal A or B tumours. METHODS: The cohort consisted of 2063 patients diagnosed between 2013-2017, with primary ER+/HER2- breast cancer, analysed by RNA sequencing. Surrogate subtyping was performed according to three algorithms (St. Gallen 2013, Maisonneuve and our proposed Grade-based classification). Agreement (%) and kappa statistics (κ) were used as concordance measures and ROC analysis for luminal distinction. Ki67, progesterone receptor (PR) and histological grade (HG) were further investigated as surrogate markers. RESULTS: The agreement rates between the MS and St. Gallen 2013, Maisonneuve and Grade-based classifications were 62% (κ = 0.30), 66% (κ = 0.35) and 70% (κ = 0.41), respectively. PR did not contribute to distinguishing Luminal A from B tumours (auROC = 0.56). By classifying HG1-2 tumours as Luminal A-like and HG3 as Luminal B-like, agreement with MS was 80% (κ = 0.46). Moreover, by combining HG and Ki67 status, a large subgroup of patients (51% of the cohort) having > 90% Luminal A tumours could be identified. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between MS and surrogate classifications was generally poor. However, a post hoc analysis showed that a combination of HG and Ki67 could identify patients very likely to have Luminal A tumours according to MS.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Vigilância da População , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Carga Tumoral
8.
Genet Med ; 21(1): 89-96, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29875420

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate predictors of testing uptake among unselected breast cancer patients who were offered germline BRCA1/2 testing in a prospective study. METHODS: Pretest information was provided by a standardized invitation letter instead of in-person counseling. Data was abstracted from medical records. Using multivariate logistic regressions, predictors of testing uptake were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall uptake of testing was 67% (539 of 805 patients). Low uptake rates were found for patients aged ≥80 years (33%), and patients born outside of Europe (37%). In adjusted analysis, age ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.10; P = 0.002), psychiatric disorders (OR 0.46; P = 0.006), occupation requiring at least 3 years of university or college education (OR 2.03; P = 0.003), and breast cancer or ovarian cancer in first-degree or second-degree relatives (OR 1.66; P = 0.02) were independently associated with uptake of BRCA1/2 testing. Somatic comorbidity in patients aged <70 years was associated with lower testing uptake. CONCLUSION: Testing uptake varies across different subgroups according to patient-related factors that are readily available in the medical records. Knowledge about these factors enables health care professionals to identify patients who are less likely to pursue genetic testing.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Aconselhamento Genético , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia
9.
Breast Cancer Res ; 20(1): 48, 2018 06 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29884204

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) carry independent prognostic information in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) on different lines of therapy. Moreover, CTC clusters are suggested to add prognostic information to CTC enumeration alone but their significance is unknown in patients with newly diagnosed MBC. We aimed to evaluate whether longitudinal enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters could improve prognostication and monitoring of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) starting first-line therapy. METHODS: This prospective study included 156 women with newly diagnosed MBC. CTCs and CTC clusters were detected using CellSearch technology at baseline (BL) and after 1, 3, and 6 months of systemic therapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary end point overall survival (OS). Median follow-up time was 25 (7-69) months. RESULTS: There were 79 (52%) and 30 (20%) patients with ≥ 5 CTCs and ≥ 1 CTC cluster at baseline, respectively; both factors were significantly associated with impaired survival. Landmark analyses based on follow-up measurements revealed increasing prognostic hazard ratios for ≥ 5 CTCs and CTC clusters during treatment, predicting worse PFS and OS. Both factors added value to a prognostic model based on clinicopathological variables at all time points and ≥ 5 CTCs and presence of CTC clusters enhanced the model's C-index to > 0.80 at 1, 3, and 6 months. Importantly, changes in CTCs during treatment were significantly correlated with survival and patients with a decline from ≥ 5 CTCs at BL to < 5 CTCs at 1 month had a similar odds ratio for progression to patients with < 5 CTCs at BL and 1 month. Stratification of patients based on CTC count and CTC clusters into four groups (0 CTCs, 1-4 CTCs, ≥ 5 CTCs, and ≥ 1 CTC + CTC clusters) demonstrated that patients with CTC clusters had significantly worse survival compared to patients without clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal evaluation of CTC and CTC clusters improves prognostication and monitoring in patients with MBC starting first-line systemic therapy. The prognostic value increases over time, suggesting that changes in CTC count are clinically relevant. The presence of CTC clusters adds significant prognostic value to CTC enumeration alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01322893 . Registered on 25 March 2011.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Prognóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Intervalo Livre de Progressão
10.
Int J Cancer ; 142(3): 618-628, 2018 02 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28940389

RESUMO

Pathologic complete response (pCR) is a predictor for favorable outcome after neoadjuvant treatment in early breast cancer. Modulation of gene expression may also provide early readouts of biological activity and prognosis, offering the possibility for timely response-guided treatment adjustment. The role of early transcriptional changes in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus bevacizumab was investigated. One-hundred-and-fifty patients with large, operable and locally advanced HER2-negative breast cancer received epirubicin and docetaxel, with the addition of bevacizumab. Patients underwent tumor biopsies at baseline, after Cycle 2 and at the time of surgery. The primary end point, pCR, and its relation with the secondary endpoints event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and gene expression profiles, are reported. The pCR rate was 13% (95% CI 8.6-20.2), with significantly more pCRs among triple-negative [28% (95% CI 14.8-45.4)] than among hormone receptor positive (HR+) tumors [9% (95% CI 4.6-16.3); (OR = 3.9 [CI = 1.5-10.3])]. pCR rates were not associated with EFS or OS. PAM50 subtypes significantly changed after Cycle 2 (p = 0.03) and an index of absolute changes in PAM50 correlations between these time-points was associated with EFS [HR = 0.62 (CI = 0.3-1.1)]. In univariable analyses, signatures for angiogenesis, proliferation, estrogen receptor signaling, invasion and metastasis, and immune response, measured after Cycle 2, were associated with pCR in HR+ tumors. Evaluation of changes in molecular subtypes and other signatures early in the course of neoadjuvant treatment may be predictive of pCR and EFS. These factors may help guide further treatment and should be considered when designing neoadjuvant trials.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Sobreviventes de Câncer , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Docetaxel , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Taxoides/administração & dosagem
11.
Br J Cancer ; 118(4): 480-488, 2018 02 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29370583

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Transcriptomic profiles have shown promise as predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to explore their predictive value in the advanced BC (ABC) setting. METHODS: In a Phase 3 trial of first-line chemotherapy in ABC, a fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was obtained at baseline. Intrinsic molecular subtypes and gene modules related to immune response, proliferation, oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling and recurring genetic alterations were analysed for association with objective response to chemotherapy. Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of responders vs non-responders was performed independently. Lymphocytes were enumerated in FNAB smears and the absolute abundance of immune cell types was calculated using the Microenvironment Cell Populations counter method. RESULTS: Gene expression data were available for 109 patients. Objective response to chemotherapy was statistically significantly associated with an immune module score (odds ratio (OR)=1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.64; P=0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that this association was restricted to patients with ER-positive or luminal tumours (OR=3.54; 95%, 1.43-10.86; P=0.012 and P for interaction=0.04). Gene-set enrichment analysis confirmed that in these subgroups, immune-related gene sets were enriched in responders. CONCLUSIONS: Immune-related transcriptional signatures may predict response to chemotherapy in ER-positive and luminal ABC.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Capecitabina/administração & dosagem , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efeitos dos fármacos , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Capecitabina/farmacologia , Epirubicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
12.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 168(1): 117-126, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29164420

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate a simplified method of pre-test information and germline BRCA1/2 mutation testing. METHODS: In a prospective, single-arm study, comprehensive BRCA1/2 testing was offered to unselected patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer at three hospitals in south Sweden (BRCAsearch, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02557776). Pre-test information was provided by a standardized invitation letter, but the patients could contact a genetic counselor for telephone genetic counseling if they felt a need for that. Noncarriers were informed about the test result through a letter. Mutation carriers were contacted and offered an appointment for in-person post-test genetic counseling. RESULTS: During the period Feb 2, 2015-Aug 26, 2016, eight hundred and eighteen patients were invited to participate in the study. Through Jan 31, 2017, five hundred and forty-two (66.2%) of them consented to analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Eleven pathogenic mutations were found (BRCA1, n = 2; BRCA2, n = 9), corresponding to a mutation prevalence of 2.0%. Six out of 11 fulfilled the Swedish BRCA testing criteria, and 9 out of 11 fulfilled the NCCN testing criteria. None of the BRCA-associated tumors were of the luminal A-like subtype. Very few patients contacted us for telephone genetic counseling or practical questions, suggesting that a majority felt that the written pre-test information was sufficient for them to make a decision on testing. CONCLUSIONS: Streamlining the process of pre-test information, genetic testing, and delivery of test results was feasible and was associated with an uptake of genetic testing in 2/3 of the breast cancer patients.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Aconselhamento Genético/métodos , Aconselhamento Genético/estatística & dados numéricos , Testes Genéticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Suécia
13.
PLoS Genet ; 10(4): e1004256, 2014 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24698998

RESUMO

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway could be associated with cancer risk in carriers of mutations in the high-penetrance susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the BER pathway, PARP1 (poly ADP ribose polymerase), and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In the present study, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 18 genes involved in BER using a tagging SNP approach in a large series of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. 144 SNPs were analyzed in a two stage study involving 23,463 carriers from the CIMBA consortium (the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2). Eleven SNPs showed evidence of association with breast and/or ovarian cancer at p<0.05 in the combined analysis. Four of the five genes for which strongest evidence of association was observed were DNA glycosylases. The strongest evidence was for rs1466785 in the NEIL2 (endonuclease VIII-like 2) gene (HR: 1.09, 95% CI (1.03-1.16), p = 2.7 × 10(-3)) for association with breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers, and rs2304277 in the OGG1 (8-guanine DNA glycosylase) gene, with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR: 1.12 95%CI: 1.03-1.21, p = 4.8 × 10(-3)). DNA glycosylases involved in the first steps of the BER pathway may be associated with cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and should be more comprehensively studied.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , DNA Glicosilases/genética , Reparo do DNA/genética , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco
14.
Semin Cancer Biol ; 35: 85-95, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26319607

RESUMO

Clinical oncology is advancing toward a more personalized treatment orientation, making the need to understand the biology of metastasis increasingly acute. Dissecting the complex molecular, genetic and clinical phenotypes underlying the processes involved in the development of metastatic disease, which remains the principal cause of cancer-related deaths, could lead to the identification of more effective prognostication and targeted approaches to prevent and treat metastases. The past decade has witnessed significant progress in the field of cancer metastasis research. Clinical and technological milestones have been reached which have tremendously enriched our understanding of the complex pathways undertaken by primary tumors to progress into lethal metastases and how some of these processes might be amenable to therapy. The aim of this review article is to highlight the recent advances toward unraveling the clinical and molecular complexity of breast cancer metastases. We focus on genes mediating breast cancer metastases and organ-specific tropism, and discuss gene signatures for prediction of metastatic disease. The challenges of translating this information into clinically applicable tools for improving the prognostication of the metastatic potential of a primary breast tumor, as well as for therapeutic interventions against latent and active metastatic disease are addressed.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Metástase Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Especificidade de Órgãos , Prognóstico
15.
Gynecol Oncol ; 140(2): 199-203, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26723501

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of olaparib, an oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, was investigated in a subgroup of patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutated (gBRCA1/2m) advanced ovarian cancer who had received ≥3 prior lines of chemotherapy. Primary data from this Phase II study (Study 42, ClinicalTrials.govNCT01078662) have been reported previously. METHODS: Eligible patients were treated with oral olaparib 400mg bid capsule monotherapy until disease progression according to RECIST v1.1. Objective response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DoR) were assessed for patients with measurable disease at baseline. Safety and tolerability were assessed for all patients by adverse event (AE) incidence and changes in laboratory parameters. Platinum resistance status was obtained retrospectively, and responses to olaparib evaluated. RESULTS: In patients with gBRCA1/2m ovarian cancer, 154/193 (80%) had received ≥3 prior lines of chemotherapy, of whom 137/154 (89%) had measurable disease at baseline. ORR was 34% (46/137; 95% confidence interval [CI] 26-42) and median DoR was 7.9 (95% CI 5.6-9.6) months. ORR in platinum-resistant tumors was 30%. Median DoR for platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant disease was similar: 8.2months (95% CI 5.6-13.5) compared with 8.0months (4.8-14.8), respectively. Six of the 193 (3%) patients had an AE with an outcome of death. None of these AEs at time of occurrence was considered causally related to olaparib. CONCLUSION: Following ≥3 prior lines of chemotherapy, olaparib 400mg bid (capsule form) monotherapy demonstrated notable antitumor activity in patients with gBRCA1/2m advanced ovarian cancer. No new safety signals were identified.


Assuntos
Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Ftalazinas/uso terapêutico , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos Organoplatínicos/farmacologia , Ftalazinas/efeitos adversos , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos
16.
JAMA ; 313(13): 1347-61, 2015 Apr 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25849179

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: Limited information about the relationship between specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) and cancer risk exists. OBJECTIVE: To identify mutation-specific cancer risks for carriers of BRCA1/2. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational study of women who were ascertained between 1937 and 2011 (median, 1999) and found to carry disease-associated BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The international sample comprised 19,581 carriers of BRCA1 mutations and 11,900 carriers of BRCA2 mutations from 55 centers in 33 countries on 6 continents. We estimated hazard ratios for breast and ovarian cancer based on mutation type, function, and nucleotide position. We also estimated RHR, the ratio of breast vs ovarian cancer hazard ratios. A value of RHR greater than 1 indicated elevated breast cancer risk; a value of RHR less than 1 indicated elevated ovarian cancer risk. EXPOSURES: Mutations of BRCA1 or BRCA2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Breast and ovarian cancer risks. RESULTS: Among BRCA1 mutation carriers, 9052 women (46%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 2317 (12%) with ovarian cancer, 1041 (5%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 7171 (37%) without cancer. Among BRCA2 mutation carriers, 6180 women (52%) were diagnosed with breast cancer, 682 (6%) with ovarian cancer, 272 (2%) with breast and ovarian cancer, and 4766 (40%) without cancer. In BRCA1, we identified 3 breast cancer cluster regions (BCCRs) located at c.179 to c.505 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.22-1.74; P = 2 × 10(-6)), c.4328 to c.4945 (BCCR2; RHR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.78; P = .04), and c. 5261 to c.5563 (BCCR2', RHR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.55; P = 6 × 10(-9)). We also identified an ovarian cancer cluster region (OCCR) from c.1380 to c.4062 (approximately exon 11) with RHR = 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56-0.70; P = 9 × 10(-17)). In BRCA2, we observed multiple BCCRs spanning c.1 to c.596 (BCCR1; RHR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.06-2.78; P = .03), c.772 to c.1806 (BCCR1'; RHR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.10-2.40; P = .01), and c.7394 to c.8904 (BCCR2; RHR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.69-3.16; P = .00002). We also identified 3 OCCRs: the first (OCCR1) spanned c.3249 to c.5681 that was adjacent to c.5946delT (6174delT; RHR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.44-0.60; P = 6 × 10(-17)). The second OCCR spanned c.6645 to c.7471 (OCCR2; RHR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41-0.80; P = .001). Mutations conferring nonsense-mediated decay were associated with differential breast or ovarian cancer risks and an earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Breast and ovarian cancer risks varied by type and location of BRCA1/2 mutations. With appropriate validation, these data may have implications for risk assessment and cancer prevention decision making for carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Mutação , Neoplasias Ovarianas/genética , Adulto , Idade de Início , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nucleotídeos , Fatores de Risco
17.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 144(1): 133-42, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24477976

RESUMO

All women in the South Sweden Health Care Region with breast cancer diagnosed aged less than 41 during the period between 1990 and 1995 were contacted in 1996 and offered germline mutation analysis of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Mutation carriers (n = 20) were compared with noncarriers (n = 201) for overall survival (OS) and risk of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Mutation carriers were younger at diagnosis and more likely to have ER-negative, PgR-negative and grade III tumors. Median follow-up was 19 years. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year OS were 60, 45, 39, and 39 % for mutation carriers and 82, 70, 59, and 53 % for noncarriers, respectively (5-year log-rank P = 0.013; 10-year P = 0.008; 15-year P = 0.020; and 20-year P = 0.046). In univariable analysis, there was a trend for an inferior OS for mutation carriers (HR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.0-3.3). When stratified for use of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, an inferior OS was significant only for the subgroup of patients who did not receive chemotherapy (HR 3.0; 95 % CI 1.2-7.7). In multivarible analysis, BRCA1/2 mutation status was a significant predictor of OS when adjusting for tumor stage, age, and use of chemotherapy, but not when ER status was also included in the model. The 15-year cumulative risk of CBC was 53 % for mutation carriers and 10 % for noncarriers (HR 5.9; 95 % CI 1.9-18.6); among the noncarriers the risks were 5, 22, and 30 % for patients without close relatives having breast cancer, with second-degree relatives having breast cancer, and with firstdegree relatives with breast cancer, respectively. In conclusion, the poor prognosis of young BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with breast cancer is mainly explained by the prevalent occurrence of negative prognostic factors rather than mutation status per se, and can to at least some extent be abrogated by the use of chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Adulto , Idade de Início , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/epidemiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/mortalidade , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais
18.
Breast Cancer Res Treat ; 147(3): 571-8, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25187270

RESUMO

The purpose of the study was to compare breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy (M) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Women with invasive breast cancer and a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were included in the study (n = 162). Patients treated with BCT (n = 45) were compared with patients treated with M (n = 118). Endpoints were local recurrence as first recurrence (LR), overall survival (OS), breast cancer death, and distant recurrence. Cumulative incidence was calculated in the presence of competing risks. For calculation of hazard ratios and for multivariable analysis, cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression was used. Compared to M, BCT was associated with an increased risk of LR in univariable analysis (HR 4.0; 95 % CI 1.6-9.8) and in multivariable analysis adjusting for tumor stage, age, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 2.9; CI 1.1-7.8). Following M, all local recurrences were seen in the first 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis. Following BCT, the rate of LR continued to be high also after the first 5 years. The cumulative incidence of LR in the BCT group was 15, 25, and 32 % after 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. There were no significant differences between BCT and M for OS, breast cancer death, or distant recurrence. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers treated with BCT have a high risk of LR, many of which are new primary breast cancers. This must be thoroughly discussed with the patient and is an example of how rapid treatment-focused genetic testing could influence choice of treatment.


Assuntos
Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Mastectomia , Mastectomia Segmentar , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Taxa de Sobrevida , Suécia
19.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 3837, 2024 May 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38714665

RESUMO

Although metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) is well described in breast cancer, little is known about how the interplay of immune state and cancer metabolism evolves during treatment. Here, we characterize the immunometabolic profiles of tumor tissue samples longitudinally collected from individuals with breast cancer before, during and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using proteomics, genomics and histopathology. We show that the pre-, on-treatment and dynamic changes of the immune state, tumor metabolic proteins and tumor cell gene expression profiling-based metabolic phenotype are associated with treatment response. Single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing revealed distinct tumor and immune cell states in metabolism between cold and hot tumors. Potential drivers of NAC based on above analyses were validated in vitro. In summary, the study shows that the interaction of tumor-intrinsic metabolic states and TME is associated with treatment outcome, supporting the concept of targeting tumor metabolism for immunoregulation.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Microambiente Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteômica , Adulto , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Análise de Célula Única
20.
Hum Mol Genet ; 20(16): 3304-21, 2011 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21593217

RESUMO

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1, near the ESR1 gene, have been implicated in the susceptibility to breast cancer for Asian (rs2046210) and European women (rs9397435). A genome-wide association study in Europeans identified two further breast cancer susceptibility variants: rs11249433 at 1p11.2 and rs999737 in RAD51L1 at 14q24.1. Although previously identified breast cancer susceptibility variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the involvement of these SNPs to breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers is currently unknown. To address this, we genotyped these SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from 42 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. In the analysis of 14 123 BRCA1 and 8053 BRCA2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, the 6q25.1 SNPs (r(2) = 0.14) were independently associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.23, P-trend = 4.5 × 10(-9) for rs2046210; HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.40, P-trend = 1.3 × 10(-8) for rs9397435], but only rs9397435 was associated with the risk for BRCA2 carriers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.28, P-trend = 0.031). SNP rs11249433 (1p11.2) was associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17, P-trend = 0.015), but was not associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.02, P-trend = 0.20). SNP rs999737 (RAD51L1) was not associated with breast cancer risk for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-trend = 0.27 and 0.30, respectively). The identification of SNPs at 6q25.1 associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers will lead to a better understanding of the biology of tumour development in these women.


Assuntos
Alelos , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Cromossomos Humanos/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Mutação/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 6/genética , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Fatores de Risco
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