[Recurrence and metastasis of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma after tumor resection and clinical characteristics analysis].

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of recurrence or metastasis of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) patients after primary tumor resection, and to compare the differences of clinical indicators between patients with or without recurrence or metastasis. Methods: This study is a retrospective study. All 157 patients were followed up after tumor resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2008 to 2016. We obtained the basic information [age of diagnosis, gender, height, weight and body mass index (BMI)], the onset status of PPGL (age of onset, course of disease, family history, tumor location, whether the tumor is bilateral or multiple, and preoperative blood pressure), clinical and pathological features of PPGL tumor (tumor size, whether it could adhere, invade or infiltrate during operation, whether the tumor capsule is smooth and complete on the postoperative pathological diagnosis, whether there is infiltration growth and cystic necrosis on tumor pathology and Ki-67 index), and laboratory examination results [24 hours urinary norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA) before operation]. According to the outpatient or telephone follow-up, the postoperative incidences of recurrence and metastasis were explored, and the basic information, status of onset, clinical and pathological characteristics of tumors, and laboratory test results of patients were compared. Results: A total of 157 patients, 69 males and 88 females, were with an average age of (42.4±13.4) years old. There were 103 patients with PCC and 54 with PGL. The average follow-up time was (9.5±2.0) years. Of the 103 patients with PCC, 13 (12.6%) had postoperative recurrence and 9 (8.7%) had distant metastasis. Compared with the patients without recurrence and metastasis, the onset age of the 13 patients with recurrence was younger [(27.3±15.7) years vs (39.3±12.2) years, P=0.003], the course of disease was longer [48.0 (23.0, 141.0) months vs 12.0 (4.0, 60.0) months, P=0.010]. The tumor size of 9 patients with distant metastasis was larger [8.0 (6.1, 12.8) cm vs 5.0 (4.0, 7.0) cm, P=0.027]. Of the 54 patients with PGL, 8 (14.8%) had postoperative recurrence and 5 (9.3%) had distant metastasis. Compared with the patients without recurrence and metastasis, the course of disease of the 8 patients with recurrence was longer [90.0 (36.3, 165.0) months vs 24.0 (8.0, 72.0) months, P=0.009], and the proportion of primary tumors with multiple lesions was higher (4/8 vs 4.4%, P=0.003). The preoperative diastolic blood pressure was higher in 5 patients with distant metastasis [(146.0±32.1) mmHg vs (120.6±25.3) mmHg, P=0.043] (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and the proportion of primary tumors with multiple lesions was higher (2/4 vs 4.4%, P=0.029). Conclusion: PPGL patients are prone to have recurrence or metastasis. PPGL patients with postoperative recurrence or distant metastasis had younger onset age, longer course of disease, larger tumor size and higher proportion of multiple lesions.

[Analysis and structure identification of trace constituent in the total ginkgolide by using LC/DAD/ESI/MS].

AIM: To identify the trace constituents in the total ginkgolide from leaves of Ginkgo biloba. METHODS: The extract was analyzed by using LC/DAD/ESI/MS combination technology, both UV and mass spectrums of each compound were recorded simultaneously. UV, IR, MS and NMR spectra were employed for structural identification. RESULTS: With higher sensitivity of the MS detector, three trace constituents were found as well as the known compounds ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC) and bilobalide (BD). CONCLUSION: Two compounds (tR 57.8 and 56.7 min) were identified as 1, 10-dihydroxy-3, 14-didehydroginkgolide and 10-hydroxy-3, 14-didehydroginkgolide, named as ginkgolide K and ginkgolide L, respectively, according to the characteristics of their UV, MS, IR and NMR spectra. It is the first time of finding the ginkgolide compounds containing double bond.

[Chemical studies on Aristolochia mollissima V].

Two new phenanthrene compounds, 9-ethoxyaristololactam and 9-ethoxy-aristolactone, were isolated from the root of Aristolochia mollissima. Their structures were identified by means of spectral analysis.

[Analgesic effect and gastro-intestinal motility inhibitory action of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone from Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitagawa].

3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone (HMA) isolated from Cynanchum paniculatum was found to have analgesic effect and inhibitory action on the gastro-intestinal motility. The effect and action were equivalent to that of paeonol, HMA displayed a very low degree of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.

[Two kaempferol triglycosides from pericarps of Sophora japonica L].

OBJECTIVE: To study the flavonol triglycosides in the pericarps of Sophora japonica. METHOD: Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral analysis, especially by 2D NMR experiments. RESULTS: Two kaempferol triglycosides were isolated and identified as kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-sophoroside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside and kaempferol 3-O-(2"-O-beta-D-glucosyl)-beta-D-rutinoside. CONCLUSION: Both of them were reported in S. japonica for the first time.

PTP1B inhibitors from Saussrurea lappa.

A new lignan glycoside, named 1,5-dihydroxypinoresinol-4'-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), has been isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Saussurea lappa, together with twenty known compounds: (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), fraxiresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-olivil-4''-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxybenzene-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, syringin, costunolide-15-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, chlorogenic acid, aloe-emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), rhein-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), chrysophanol (7), emodin, dehydrocostus lactone, costunolide, beta-costic acid, reynosin, arbusculin A, alpha-cyclocostunolide, beta-cyclocostunolide, santamarine and magnolialide. Three anthraquinones (5-7) showed moderate bioactivity against human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (hPTP1B) in vitro.

Dihydroayapin, a new coumarin compound from Dendrobium densiflorum.

A new coumarin named dihydroayapin (1) together with seven known compounds were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium densiflorum. On the basis of physicochemical and spectral evidences, the structure of 1 was established as 6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydrobenzopyran-2-one.