RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Accurate breed identification is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of indigenous farm animal genetic resources. In this study, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships and genomic breed compositions of 13 sheep breeds using SNP and InDel data from whole genome sequencing. The breeds included 11 Chinese indigenous and 2 foreign commercial breeds. We compared different strategies for breed identification with respect to different marker types, i.e. SNPs, InDels, and a combination of SNPs and InDels (named SIs), different breed-informative marker detection methods, and different machine learning classification methods. RESULTS: Using WGS-based SNPs and InDels, we revealed the phylogenetic relationships between 11 Chinese indigenous and two foreign sheep breeds and quantified their purities through estimated genomic breed compositions. We found that the optimal strategy for identifying these breeds was the combination of DFI_union for breed-informative marker detection, which integrated the methods of Delta, Pairwise Wright's FST, and Informativeness for Assignment (namely DFI) by merging the breed-informative markers derived from the three methods, and KSR for breed assignment, which integrated the methods of K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest (namely KSR) by intersecting their results. Using SI markers improved the identification accuracy compared to using SNPs or InDels alone. We achieved accuracies over 97.5% when using at least the 1000 most breed-informative (MBI) SI markers and even 100% when using 5000 SI markers. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide not only an important foundation for conservation of these Chinese local sheep breeds, but also general approaches for breed identification of indigenous farm animal breeds.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Mutação INDEL , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Ovinos , Animais , Cruzamento/métodos , China , Genética Populacional/métodos , Filogenia , Ovinos/genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma/métodos , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonal changes on the superovulation in Black Suffolk ewes, particularly the ovulation rate and embryo quality. DESIGN: Black Suffolk ewes were superovulated either in May (n=22) or in September (n=21), 2013. After estrus synchronization with CIDR, the donor ewes were superovulated with PMSG and seven decreasing doses of FSH (twice daily at 07:00 and 19:00 for four consecutive days. Then, they were subjected to laparoscopic intrauterine artificial insemination. The viable morula and blastocysts were recovered and immediately transferred to recipients. RESULTS: Ewes that were superovulated in May had a much higher ovulation rate than those were superovulated in September (16.8 ± 3.23vs. 10.2 ± 2.94, p<0.01); however, the viability rate of the embryo was lower than that of September (56.0 ± 1.92% vs. 92.5 ± 3.26%, p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the survival rate of the transferred viable embryos (33.9 ± 1.00% vs. 36.7 ± 1.64%, p>0.05) and the number of offspring per donor ewe (3.1 ± 0.54 vs. 2.9 ± 0.72, p>0.05) between May and September. In contrast, the offspring/ova ratio of the donor ewes superovulated in May was lower than that of September (18.5 ± 1.64% vs. 32.8 ± 2.14%, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The superovulation of Black Suffolk ewes may be affected by the seasonal changes. Generallly, The ewe's ovulation rate was higher in May, whereas the viability rate of embryo was higher in September.
Assuntos
Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Desenvolvimento Embrionário/fisiologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Estações do Ano , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Superovulação/fisiologia , Animais , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Feminino , Laparoscopia , GravidezRESUMO
It is important to study the bacteria that cause endometritis to identify effective therapeutic drugs for dairy cows. In this study, 20% oxytetracycline was used to treat Holstein cows (n = 6) with severe endometritis. Additional 10 Holstein cows (5 for healthy cows, 5 for cows with mild endometritis) were also selected. At the same time, changes in bacterial communities were monitored by high-throughput sequencing. The results show that Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other common pathogenic bacteria could be detected by traditional methods in cows both with and without endometritis. However, 16S sequencing results show that changes in the abundance of these bacteria were not significant. Endometritis is often caused by mixed infections in the uterus. Oxytetracycline did not completely remove existing bacteria. However, oxytetracycline could effectively inhibit endometritis and had a significant inhibitory effect on the genera Bacteroides, Trueperella, Peptoniphilus, Parvimonas, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium but had no significant inhibitory effect on the bacterial genera Marinospirillum, Erysipelothrix, and Enteractinococcus. During oxytetracycline treatment, the cell motility, endocrine system, exogenous system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipid metabolism, metabolism of terpenoids, polyketides, cofactors and vitamins, signal transduction, and transport and catabolism pathways were affected.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Endometrite , Oxitetraciclina , Útero , Oxitetraciclina/farmacologia , Oxitetraciclina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Endometrite/microbiologia , Endometrite/veterinária , Endometrite/tratamento farmacológico , Útero/microbiologia , Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
DNA binding inhibitory factor 3 (ID3) has been shown to have a key role in maintaining proliferation and differentiation. It has been suggested that ID3 may also affect mammalian ovarian function. However, the specific roles and mechanisms are unclear. In this study, the expression level of ID3 in cumulus cells (CCs) was inhibited by siRNA, and the downstream regulatory network of ID3 was uncovered by high-throughput sequencing. The effects of ID3 inhibition on mitochondrial function, progesterone synthesis, and oocyte maturation were further explored. The GO and KEGG analysis results showed that after ID3 inhibition, differentially expressed genes, including StAR, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1, were involved in cholesterol-related processes and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. Apoptosis in CC was increased, while the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was inhibited. During this process, mitochondrial dynamics and function were disrupted. In addition, the first polar body extrusion rate, ATP production and antioxidation capacity were reduced, which suggested that ID3 inhibition led to poor oocyte maturation and quality. The results will provide a new basis for understanding the biological roles of ID3 as well as cumulus cells.
Assuntos
Células do Cúmulo , Oócitos , Oogênese , Progesterona , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Células do Cúmulo/metabolismo , Mamíferos , Mitocôndrias , Oócitos/fisiologia , Oogênese/genética , Progesterona/farmacologia , Progesterona/metabolismo , Proteínas Inibidoras de Diferenciação/metabolismoRESUMO
C-Phycocyanin (CP) is a biliprotein enriched in blue-green algae that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and radical-scavenging properties in somatic cells. However, the protective effect of CP on porcine embryo developmental competence in vitro remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CP on the development of early porcine embryos as well as its underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of CP (2, 5, 8, 10 µg/mL) were added to porcine zygote medium 5 during in vitro culture. The results showed that 5 µg/mL CP significantly increased blastocyst formation and hatching rate. Blastocyst formation and quality were significantly increased in the 50 µM H2O2 treatment group following 5 µg/mL CP addition. CP prevented the H2O2-induced compromise of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, apoptosis, DNA damage level, and autophagy in the blastocysts were attenuated by supplementation of CP in the H2O2-induced oxidative injury group compared to in controls. These results suggest that CP has beneficial effects on the development of porcine parthenotes by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Embrionário/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Partenogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ficocianina/farmacologia , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Animais , Autofagia , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária , Feminino , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/patologia , Oxidantes/toxicidade , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , SuínosRESUMO
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) are important pathogens, commonly responsible for economical loss to cattle farms all over the world, yet their epidemiology in commercial dairy and beef cattle in China is still unknown. Thus, from September 2013 to December 2014, a large-scale seroprevalence study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and identify herd-level risk factors associated with MAP and BLV infection. The source sample was 3674 cattle from 113 herds in northern and northeastern China. Antibodies against MAP and BLV were detected using ELISA tests. At animal-level, the seroprevalence of antibodies against MAP and BLV was 11.79% (433/3674) and 18.29% (672/3674), respectively. At herd-level, the seroprevalence of antibodies against MAP and BLV was 20.35% and 21.24% (24/113), respectively. Herd size was identified to be associated with MAP infection while herd size and presence of cattle introduced from other farms were significantly associated with BLV infection. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and improve the knowledge of the epidemiology of these two pathogens in these regions and elsewhere in China.