Human-multimodal deep learning collaboration in 'precise' diagnosis of lupus erythematosus subtypes and similar skin diseases.

BACKGROUND: Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Due to the complexity of cutaneous LE (CLE), clinical skin image-based artificial intelligence is still experiencing difficulties in distinguishing subtypes of LE. OBJECTIVES: We aim to develop a multimodal deep learning system (MMDLS) for human-AI collaboration in diagnosis of LE subtypes. METHODS: This is a multi-centre study based on 25 institutions across China to assist in diagnosis of LE subtypes, other eight similar skin diseases and healthy subjects. In total, 446 cases with 800 clinical skin images, 3786 multicolor-immunohistochemistry (multi-IHC) images and clinical data were collected, and EfficientNet-B3 and ResNet-18 were utilized in this study. RESULTS: In the multi-classification task, the overall performance of MMDLS on 13 skin conditions is much higher than single or dual modals (Sen = 0.8288, Spe = 0.9852, Pre = 0.8518, AUC = 0.9844). Further, the MMDLS-based diagnostic-support help improves the accuracy of dermatologists from 66.88% ± 6.94% to 81.25% ± 4.23% (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the benefit of human-MMDLS collaborated framework in telemedicine by assisting dermatologists and rheumatologists in the differential diagnosis of LE subtypes and similar skin diseases.

Treatment of psoriasis with interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy and safety of interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody (IL-12/23 mAb) on psoriasis. METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials. The efficacy outcomes and adverse effects of included RCTs were critically assessed. RESULTS: A total of 3365 participants in 5 multicenter RCTs were included. The RRs of most efficacy outcomes showed significant differences between i) IL-12/23 mAb and placebo at week 12/16; ii) IL-12/23 mAb and etanercept at week 12; iii) IL-12/23 mAb in high dose and IL-12/23 mAb in low dose at week 24/28. Increasing treatment times did not obviously provide additional benefit to efficacy improvement. The adverse events of IL-12/23 mAb were similar to those of controls. Antibodies to IL-12/23 mAb were mostly undetected or shown at low titer. Treatment with IL-12/23 mAb did not influence related biochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS: IL-12/23 mAb was effective in the treatment of psoriasis on skin lesions, health-related quality of life and psoriatic arthritis in the short-term. The increase in treatment time points was not associated with additional efficacy and dose-dependence was observed with the ongoing treatment up to week 24/28. The adverse effects were minimal and tolerable.

[Study on the conversion of acrylic C=C double bonds during dark reaction after UV curing using infrared spectroscopy].

Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine 1,648-1,589 cm(-1) characteristic absorption peak area so as to study the conversation of acrylic C=C double bonds after UV curing. The effects of phototinitiators, active diluents and UV curing resins on the conversion of C=C double bonds were also investigated. The results showed that 40%-85% of C=C double bonds were conversed during dark reaction after 45 s UV curing. Dark reaction will be changed gently after 1.75 h, but 95% conversion of C=C double bonds needed more than 24 h. The rates of polymerization and conversation were affected by photoinitiators, the concentration of photoinitiator, oxygen inhibition, and C=C functional groups of active diluents. The rate of polymerization was affected by the C=C functional groups and types of UV curing resins, but conversation was not.

[Spectroscopic properties of salicylaldehyde anil zinc and its thin film].

A new light emitting material, salicylaldehyde anil zinc (SAZ), was synthesized. It can form high quality nano-scale amorphous thin films on clean glass substrates by vacuum evaporation. Its structure, crystallization, thermal stability, and optical property were investigated by IR spectra, DTA-TG analysis, XRD spectra, UV-Vis spectra, and fluorescence spectra. Its energy band structure was confirmed by cyclic voltammogram and optical absorption band edge. Results show that the SAZ film is a thermally stable material, and can emit intense green fluorescence with a peak wavelength at 508 nm and a full width at half-maximum of 90.2 nm under UV irradiation. Its HOMO energy level is about -5.659 eV, LUMO energy level is about -3.054 eV, optical gap band is about 2.604 eV. The fluorescence decay of stored films under ambient atmosphere is more rapid than that of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum films. However, the fluorescence decay of the films under UV irradiation is slower than that of 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum films.

Baicalein inhibits DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation.

Baicalein, one of the four major flavanoids extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to exert chemopreventive effect against several cancers, including skin cancer. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive activity of baicalein against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated skin tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice. We found that topical treatment with baicalein resulted in a significant inhibitory effect on DMBA/TPA-mediated tumor promotion. Furthermore, we observed that baicalein suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in DMBA/TPA-mediated group. Additionally, pretreatment with baicalein inhibited the production of inflammatory cells in DMBA/TPA-induced skin/tumors. Further experiments showed that baicalein reduced TPA-induced skin hyperplasia as well as infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the dermis. In conclusion, our data suggest that baicalein inhibits DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis by suppressing proliferation and inflammation and promoting apoptosis.