Design, synthesis, and anti-breast cancer evaluation of new triarylethylene analogs bearing short alkyl- and polar amino-/amido-ethyl chains.

The synthesis of novel triarylethylene analogs, designed based on well-known Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs), i.e., ospemifene and tamoxifen, as potential anti-breast cancer agents is described. The cytotoxic potential of these analogs against ER-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cell lines was determined and compared with the standards, ospemifene and tamoxifen. In initial screening, analogs 5, 14 and 15 were found to be much more effective than the standards against both the cell lines. The results showed that these novel analogs inhibit the expression of proteins involved in the migration and metastasis, compound 5 being most effective. Compound 5 inhibited the expression of MMP-9, c-Myc and Caveolin in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and suppressed the invasion of ER-negative cells in a dose dependent manner. Finally, in silico docking simulations of the representative compounds in the binding sites of the estrogen receptors (ERs) indicated a good binding affinity of the compounds with the ERs, and supported their experimental toxicity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines.

Synthesis, docking and in vitro antimalarial evaluation of bifunctional hybrids derived from ß-lactams and 7-chloroquinoline using click chemistry.

1,2,3-Triazole tethered ß-lactam and 7-chloroquinoline bifunctional hybrids were synthesized and evaluated as potential antimalarial agents. Activity against cultured Plasmodium falciparum was dependent on the N-substituent of the ß-lactam ring as well as the presence of bis-triazole at the C-3 position. The observed activity profiles were further substantiated by docking studies via inhibition of P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR), a potential target for the development of new anti-malarials.

Antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity evaluation of 3-functionalized 2-azetidinone derivatives.

3-Azido-, 3-amino- and 3-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-ß-lactams were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against four strains of Plasmodium falciparum and KB cells for their cytotoxicity profiles. The presence of a cyclohexyl substituent at N-1 and a phenyl group on the triazole ring markedly improved the activity profiles of triazole-tethered ß-lactam exhibiting IC(50) values of 1.13, 1.21 and 1.00 µM against 3D7, K1 and W2 strains respectively.

PASS-assisted exploration of antidepressant activity of 1,3,4-trisubstituted-beta-lactam derivatives.

Assisted by PASS predictions, the antidepressant activity of 1,3,4-trisubstituted monocyclic beta-lactams in seasonal affective disorders is described.

PASS assisted search and evaluation of some azetidin-2-ones as C.N.S. active agents.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluates some azetidin-2-ones derivatives for their central nervous system (CNS) modulating activities. The compounds were chosen from a series (5a-o) which were previously synthesized and evaluated for hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic activity based on the predictions made by the computer software "Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS)". MATERIAL AND METHODS: The test compounds were predicted to have a variety of biological activities but those with the best potential for CNS modulating activity were selected for evaluation of a particular CNS activity as 5a for anti-anxiety, 5b, 5n and 5j for nootropic activity and compound 5c anti-catatonic and anti-dyskinetic activities. Test compound 5a was evaluated for anti-anxiety activity in mirrored chamber model and for pentobarbitone induced sleep potentiation in mice. Test compounds 5b, 5n and 5j were evaluated for nootropic activity in mice by examining the effect on transfer latency on elevated plus maze (EPM) in mice and compound 5c was tested for anti-catatonic activity in perphenazine-induced catatonia and anti-dyskinetic effects in reserpine induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The test compound 5a showed significant anxiolytic activity in the mirror chamber paradigm and showed potentiation of the pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, which was comparable to diazepam. The nootropic activity of compounds 5b, 5n and 5j were found to be significant in elevated and maze test. The test compound 5c significantly prevented the perphenazine-induced catalepsy in a dose dependent manner. Potentiation of anti-catatonic effect of sub-effective dose of L-dopa and reversal of sulpiride-induced catalepsy was also observed by compound 5c. It indicated that the test compound might be showing anticatatonic effect by dopaminergic stimulation probably through D2 dopaminergic receptors. Compound 5c significantly reduced the vacuous chewing movements, tongue protrusions and jaw tremors induced by reserpine. It further supports the dopaminergic agonism by the test compound as reserpine induces oral dyskinetic features by depleting catecholamine (dopamine and nor- epinephrine). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that azetidinones possess considerable CNS activities and can be further explored to find additional CNS active compounds.

Evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic activity of some novel monocyclic beta lactams.

PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of monocyclic beta-lactams (compounds 5a-5o) for anti-hyperglycemic activity against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. As these compounds have been shown to control disturbances in cholesterol metabolism induced by diabetes. METHODS: The test compounds were synthesized via [2+2] cycloaddition (Staudinger) reaction of imines with ketenes. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of test compounds was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats by monitoring their effect on blood glucose and liver glycogen contents. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the diabetic rats, high glucose levels and depression in hepatic glycogen contents were observed which could be attributed to the less availability of active form of enzyme glycogen synthetase. Test compounds significantly lowered the serum glucose levels indicating their anti-hyperglycemic activity. This activity of test compounds may be due to increased utilization of glucose as indicated by decreased serum glucose levels and an increase in the activity of glycogen synthetase enzyme as evidenced by rise in liver glycogen contents in test groups. Based on the results structure activity relationship (SAR) has been discussed and favorable substitutions around of monocyclic beta-lactam have been reported. Present study concluded that these compounds could have potential anti-hyperglycemic effect, which might be due to increased utilization of glucose either through increased insulin activity or induction of glycogen synthetase enzyme. CONCLUSION: Present study concluded that these compounds have significant anti-hyperglycemic effect. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanism of action.

Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 4-substituted-2-phenyl-1-p-tolyl-4-thiomethyl-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes: a novel class of antibacterial agents.

A series of novel-2-phenyl-1-p-tolyl-4-thiomethyl-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes compounds (5a-5e) possessing morpholino, diethyl amino, pyrrolidino, piperidino and 2-aminopyridino groups respectively at C-4 were prepared by reaction of alpha-aryliminobenzyl isothiocyanates with secondary amines and S-alklyation of the resultant thioureas with aqueous potassium hydroxide. The isothiocyanates were obtained from easily available starting materials. These 1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes were obtained in pure form after recrystallization and their structures were established by analytical and spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and some of them were found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of Ospemifene analogs as anti-breast cancer agents.

The synthesis of some novel Ospemifene derived analogs and their evaluation as anti-breast cancer agents against MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) human breast cancer cell lines are described. Few of these analogs for instance, compounds 6, 7 and 8 are shown to be more effective than recent Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) i.e. Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, against these cell lines. Compound 8 was relatively more cytotoxic to MCF-7 cells similar to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen, while most potent compounds 6 and 7 were equally effective in inhibiting growth of both ER-positive and ER-negative cell lines. The observed activity profiles were further supported by the docking studies performed against estrogen receptors (ERα and ERß). Compounds 6, 7 and 8 exhibited stronger binding affinities with both ERα and ERß compared to Ospemifene and Tamoxifen.

1,2,3-Triazole tethered ß-lactam-chalcone bifunctional hybrids: synthesis and anticancer evaluation.

The manuscript describes the synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole tethered ß-lactam-chalcone bifunctional hybrids via click chemistry approach utilizing azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions and their evaluation as anticancer agents against four human cancer cell lines. The presence of a cyclohexyl substituent at N-1 of ß-lactam ring and methoxy substituents, preferably ortho on ring A and para on ring B on chalcones markedly improved the anticancer profiles of the synthesized scaffolds with the most potent of the test compound exhibiting an IC(50) value of <1, 67.1, <1 and 6.37 µM against A-549(lung), PC-3(prostate), THP-1(leukemia), and Caco-2(colon) cell lines, respectively.

PASS-predicted design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic nitrones as nootropics.

Out of 400 virtually designed imidazoline N-oxides, five cyclic nitrones were selected on the basis of PASS prediction as potent nootropics and were evaluated for their biological activities in albino mice. The selected N-alkyl and aryl-substituted nitrones were found to be excellent nootropics. A series of lead compounds acting as cognition enhancers have been provided, which can be further exploited in search of such New Chemical Entities (NCEs).

Synthesis and biological activity of novel antibacterial quinazolines.

Novel quinazolines, having interesting antibacterial activity have been prepared, characterized and tested against a panel of susceptible and resistant Gram positive and Gram negative organisms.

Amidine derived 1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes as potential antibacterial and antifungal agents.

Several 1-aryl-2-phenyl-4-piperidino-4-thioalkyl-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes were prepared by the treatment of N-arylimino isothiocyanate with piperidine followed by S-alkylation with alkyl iodides in the presence of dry acetone and potassium hydroxide. The constitution of the products was supported by IR, PMR and mass spectral study. The compounds synthesized were tested in in vitro against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus and B. subtilis and fungal stains, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Standard drugs were also tested under identical conditions for comparing the results.