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MLH1 plays a critical role in DNA mismatch repair and genome maintenance. MLH1 deficiency promotes cancer development and progression, but the mechanism underlying MLH1 regulation remains enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrated that MLH1 protein is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and have identified vital cis-elements and trans-factors involved in MLH1 turnover. We found that the region encompassing the amino acids 516 to 650 is crucial for MLH1 degradation. The mismatch repair protein PMS2 may shield MLH1 from degradation as it binds to the MLH1 segment key to its turnover. Furthermore, we have identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR4 and the deubiquitylase USP5, which oppositely modulate MLH1 stability. In consistence, UBR4 or USP5 deficiency affects the cellular response to nucleotide analog 6-TG, supporting their roles in regulating mismatch repair. Our study has revealed important insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying MLH1 proteolysis, critical to DNA mismatch repair related diseases.
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MafA and c-Maf are close members of the Maf transcription factor family and indicators of poor prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM). Our previous study finds that the ubiquitin ligase HERC4 induces c-Maf degradation but stabilizes MafA, and the mechanism is elusive. In the present study, we find that HERC4 interacts with MafA and mediates its K63-linked polyubiquitination at K33. Moreover, HERC4 inhibits MafA phosphorylation and its transcriptional activity triggered by glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß). The K33R MafA variant prevents HERC4 from inhibiting MafA phosphorylation and increases MafA transcriptional activity. Further analyses reveal that MafA can also activate the STAT3 signaling, but it is suppressed by HERC4. Lastly, we demonstrate that lithium chloride, a GSK3ß inhibitor, can upregulate HERC4 and synergizes dexamethasone, a typical anti-MM drug, in inhibiting MM cell proliferation and xenograft growth in nude mice. These findings thus highlight a novel regulation of MafA oncogenic activity in MM and provide the rationale by targeting HERC4/GSK3ß/MafA for the treatment of MM.
Assuntos
Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Fatores de Transcrição Maf Maior , Mieloma Múltiplo , Poliubiquitina , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases , Ubiquitinação , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Proliferação de Células , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Cloreto de Lítio/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição Maf Maior/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição Maf Maior/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Poliubiquitina/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The transcription factor STAT3 is a promising target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). STAT3 activity is mainly dependent on phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 (pSTAT3-Y705), but the modulation on pSTAT3-Y705 is elusive. By screening a library of deubiquitinases (Dubs), we found that the Otub1 increases STAT3 transcriptional activity. As a Dub, Otub1 binds to pSTAT3-Y705 and specifically abolishes its K48-linked ubiquitination, therefore preventing its degradation and promoting NSCLC cell survival. The Otub1/pSTAT3-Y705 axis could be a potential target for the treatment of NSCLC. To explore this concept, we screen libraries of FDA-approved drugs and natural products based on STAT3-recognition element-driven luciferase assay, from which crizotinib is found to block pSTAT3-Y705 deubiquitination and promotes its degradation. Different from its known action to induce ALK positive NSCLC cell apoptosis, crizotinib suppresses ALK-intact NSCLC cell proliferation and colony formation but not apoptosis. Furthermore, crizotinib also suppresses NSCLC xenograft growth in mice. Taken together, these findings identify Otub1 as the first deubiquitinase of pSTAT3-Y705 and provide that the Otub1/pSTAT3-Y705 axis is a promising target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Fibronectin (FN) and collagen are vital components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These proteins are essential for tissue formation and cell alignment during the wound healing stage. In particular, FN interacts with collagens to activate various intracellular signaling pathways to maintain ECM stability. A novel recombinant extra domain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN)-COL3A1 fusion protein (rhFEB) was designed to mimic the ECM to promote chronic and refractory skin ulcer wound healing. rhFEB significantly enhanced cell adhesion and migration, vascular ring formation, and the production of new collagen I (COL1A1) in vitro. rhFEB decreased M1 macrophages and further modulated the wound microenvironment, which was confirmed by the treatment of db/db mice with rhFEB. Accelerated wound healing was shown during the initial stages in rhFEB-treated db/db mice, as was enhanced follicle regeneration, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, granulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The wound chronicity of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains the main challenge in current and future treatment. rhFEB may be a candidate molecule for regulating M1 macrophages during DFU healing. KEY POINTS: ⢠A recombinant protein EDB-FN-collagen III (rhFEB) was highly expressed in Escherichia coli ⢠rhFEB protein induces COL1A1 secretion in human skin fibroblasts ⢠rhFEB protein accelerates diabetic wound healing.
Assuntos
Fibronectinas , Pele , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Cicatrização , Matriz Extracelular , Escherichia coli/genética , ColágenoRESUMO
Shikonin (SHK) has been evidenced to possess effects against various cancer cells. However, poor aqueous solubility and high toxicity restrict its application. In the study, RGD-decorated liposomes loaded with SHK (RGD-Lipo-SHK) were prepared via thin-film hydration method. Characterization and cellular uptake of liposomes was evaluated. Cytotoxicity of blank liposomes and different SHK formulations was measured against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and MCF-10A). Anti-tumour effects and pharmacokinetic parameters of different SHK formulations were appraised in tumour spheroids and in rat model, respectively. Liposomes displayed a particle size of less than 127 nm with a polydispersity index about 0.21. The encapsulation efficiency was about 91% for SHK, and drug leakage rate of liposomes was less than 6%. RGD-Lipo-SHK showed superior cellular internalization in the αvß3-positive MDA-MB-231 cells. Blank liposomes had no cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Howbeit, different SHK formulations obviously inhibited proliferation of MCF-10A cells, especially free SHK. Meanwhile, RGD-Lipo-SHK significantly inhibited growth inhibition of tumour spheroids. The pharmacokinetics study indicated that the peak concentration, area under plasma concentration-time curves, half-life, and mean residence time of RGD-Lipo-SHK distinctly increased compared with those of free SHK. Altogether, these results demonstrated RGD-Lipo-SHK could reduce cytotoxicity, strengthen the antitumor-targeted effect, and prolong circulation time, which provides a foundation for further in vivo experimentations.
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Lipossomos , Naftoquinonas , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Células MCF-7 , Oligopeptídeos , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
The zinc finger ubiquitin ligase RNF6 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in several cancers, but understanding its molecular mechanism of degradation has been elusive. In the present study, we find that RNF6 is degraded via auto-ubiquitination in a manner dependent on its Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain. We determine that when the RING domain is deleted (ΔRING) or the core cysteine residues in the zinc finger are mutated (C632S/C635S), the WT protein, but not the ΔRING or mutant RNF6 protein, undergoes polyubiquitination. We also identify USP7 as a deubiquitinase of RNF6 by tandem mass spectrometry. We show that USP7 interacts with RNF6 and abolishes its K48-linked polyubiquitination, thereby preventing its degradation. In contrast, we found a USP7-specific inhibitor promotes RNF6 polyubiquitination, degradation, and cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrate the anti-leukemic drug Nilotinib and anti-myeloma drug Panobinostat (LBH589) induce RNF6 K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation in both multiple myeloma (MM) and leukemia cells. In agreement with our hypothesis on the mode of RNF6 degradation, we show these drugs promote RNF6 auto-ubiquitination in an in vitro ubiquitination system without other E3 ligases. Consistently, reexpression of RNF6 ablates drug-induced MM and leukemia cell apoptosis. Therefore, our results reveal that RNF6 is a RING E3 ligase that undergoes auto-ubiquitination, which could be abolished by USP7 and induced by anti-cancer drugs. We propose that chemical induction of RNF6 auto-ubiquitination and degradation could be a novel strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies including MM and leukemia.
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Antineoplásicos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Mieloma Múltiplo , Panobinostat , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases , Ubiquitinação , Dedos de Zinco , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Cisteína/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Panobinostat/farmacologia , Panobinostat/uso terapêutico , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Peptidase 7 Específica de Ubiquitina/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on the data from the randomised clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS: PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from the inception to October 2022, and RCTs about probiotics and T2DM were collected. The standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the effects of probiotics supplementation on glycaemic control related parameters, e.g. fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Thirty RCTs including 1,827 T2MD patients were identified. Compared with the placebo group, the probiotics supplementation group had a significant decrease in the parameters of glycaemic control, including FBG (SMD = - 0.331, 95% CI - 0.424 to - 0.238, Peffect < 0.001), insulin (SMD = - 0.185, 95% CI - 0.313 to - 0.056, Peffect = 0.005), HbA1c (SMD = - 0.421, 95% CI - 0.584 to - 0.258, Peffect < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (SMD = - 0.224, 95% CI - 0.342 to - 0.105, Peffect < 0.001). Further subgroup analyses showed that the effect was larger in the subgroups of Caucasians, high baseline body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), Bifidobacterium and food-type probiotics (Psubgroup < 0.050). CONCLUSION: This study supported that probiotics supplementation had favourable effects on glycaemic control in T2DM patients. It may be a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with T2DM.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistência à Insulina , Probióticos , Adulto , Humanos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Glicemia , Controle Glicêmico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Probióticos/farmacologia , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
The oncogenic transcription factor c-Maf has been proposed as an ideal therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM), but how to achieve it is still elusive. In the present study, we found the Otub1/c-Maf axis could be a potential target. Otub1, an OTU family deubiquitinase, was found to interact with c-Maf by mass spectrometry. Otub1 abrogates c-Maf K48-linked polyubiquitination, thus preventing its degradation and enhancing its transcriptional activity. Specifically, this deubiquitinating activity depends on its Lys71 and the N terminus but is independent of UBE2O, a known E2 of c-Maf. Otub1 promotes MM cell survival and MM tumor growth. In contrast, silence of Otub1 leads to c-Maf degradation and c-Maf-expressing MM cell apoptosis. Therefore, the Otub1/c-Maf axis could be a therapeutic target of MM. In order to explore this concept, we performed a c-Maf recognition element-driven luciferase-based screen against US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and natural products, from which the generic cardiac glycoside lanatoside C (LanC) is found to prevent c-Maf deubiquitination and induces its degradation by disrupting the interaction of Otub1 and c-Maf. Consequently, LanC inhibits c-Maf transcriptional activity, induces c-Maf-expressing MM cell apoptosis, and suppresses MM growth and prolongs overall survival of model mice, but without apparent toxicity. Therefore, the present study identifies Otub1 as a novel deubiquitinase of c-Maf and establishes that the Otub1/c-Maf axis is a potential therapeutic target for MM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Enzimas Desubiquitinantes/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-maf/metabolismo , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Descoberta de Drogas , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Ubiquitinação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Proteasomes are overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and proteasomal inhibitors (PIs) have been widely used for the treatment of MM. PIs are reported to induce MM cell apoptosis but impair necroptosis. In the present study, we found that PIs MG132 and bortezomib induce MM cell pyroptosis, a novel type of cell death, in a GSDME-dependent manner. Lack of GSDME totally blocks PI-induced pyroptosis. Interestingly, we found that Caspase-3/6/7/9 are all involved in pyroptosis triggered by PIs because the specific inhibitor of each caspase ablates GSDME activation. PIs markedly reduce mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, PIs disrupt the interaction of Bcl-2 and BAX, induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol and activate GSDME. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of an N-terminal portion of GSDME suffices to release cytochrome c from mitochondria and to activate Caspase-3/9, suggesting N-GSDME might penetrate the mitochondrial membrane. Consistent with Bcl-2 inhibition, BAX can induce MM cell pyroptosis in a GSDME-dependent manner. In accordance with these findings, inhibition of Bcl-2 synergizes with PIs to induce MM cell pyroptosis. Therefore, the present study indicates that PIs trigger MM cell pyroptosis via the mitochondrial BAX/GSDME pathway and provides a rationale for combined treatment of MM with Bcl-2 and proteasome inhibitors to increase therapeutic efficiency via induction of pyroptosis.
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Mieloma Múltiplo , Piroptose , Humanos , Piroptose/fisiologia , Inibidores de Proteassoma/farmacologia , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Citocromos c/metabolismoRESUMO
The cell cycle regulator cyclin D3 (CCND3) is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and it promotes MM cell proliferation. After a certain phase of cell cycle, CCND3 is rapidly degraded, which is essential for the strict control of MM cell cycle progress and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating CCND3 degradation in MM cells. By utilizing affinity purification-coupled tandem mass spectrometry, we identified the deubiquitinase USP10 interacting with CCND3 in human MM OPM2 and KMS11 cell lines. Furthermore, USP10 specifically prevented CCND3 from K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, therefore enhancing its activity. We demonstrated that the N-terminal domain (aa. 1-205) of USP10 was dispensable for binding to and deubiquitinating CCND3. Although Thr283 was important for CCND3 activity, it was dispensable for CCND3 ubiquitination and stability modulated by USP10. By stabilizing CCND3, USP10 activated the CCND3/CDK4/6 signaling pathway, phosphorylated Rb, and upregulated CDK4, CDK6 and E2F-1 in OPM2 and KMS11 cells. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of USP10 by Spautin-1 resulted in accumulation of CCND3 with K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation that synergized with Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, to induce MM cell apoptosis. In nude mice bearing myeloma xenografts with OPM2 and KMS11 cells, combined administration of Spautin-l and Palbociclib almost suppressed tumor growth within 30 days. This study thus identifies USP10 as the first deubiquitinase of CCND3 and also finds that targeting the USP10/CCND3/CDK4/6 axis may be a novel modality for the treatment of myeloma.
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Mieloma Múltiplo , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Ciclina D3 , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Camundongos Nus , Apoptose , Enzimas Desubiquitinantes , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismoRESUMO
The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein is a key player in tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and was recently found to be inactivated by tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25)-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination. However, the deubiquitinase (Dub) coordinate TRIM25 in PTEN ubiquitination is still elusive. In the present study, we found that this K63-linked polyubiquitination could be ablated by the ubiquitin-specific protease 10 (USP10) in a screen against a panel of Dubs. We found using coimmununoprecipitation/immunoblotting that USP10 interacted with PTEN and reduced the K63-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN mediated by TRIM25 in NSCLC cells. Moreover, USP10, but not its inactive C424A deubiquitinating mutant or other Dubs, abolished PTEN from K63-linked polyubiquitination mediated by TRIM25. In contrast to TRIM25, USP10 restored PTEN phosphatase activity and reduced the production of the secondary messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, thereby inhibiting AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin progrowth signaling transduction in NSCLC cells. Moreover, USP10 was downregulated in NSCLC cell lines and primary tissues, whereas TRIM25 was upregulated. Consistent with its molecular activity, re-expression of USP10 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, whereas knockout of USP10 promoted NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that USP10 coordinates TRIM25 to modulate PTEN activity. Specifically, USP10 activates PTEN by preventing its K63-linked polyubiquitination mediated by TRIM25 and suppresses the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting NSCLC proliferation, indicating that it may be a potential drug target for cancer treatment.
Assuntos
PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteínas com Motivo Tripartido/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo , Adulto , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/fisiopatologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Enzimas Desubiquitinantes/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/fisiologia , UbiquitinaçãoRESUMO
As a model organism that has helped revolutionize life sciences, Caenorhabditis elegans has been increasingly used in nutrition research. Here we explore the tradeoffs between pros and cons of its use as a dietary model based primarily on literature review from the past decade. We first provide an overview of its experimental strengths as an animal model, focusing on lifespan and healthspan, behavioral and physiological phenotypes, and conservation of key nutritional pathways. We then summarize recent advances of its use in nutritional studies, e.g. food preference and feeding behavior, sugar status and metabolic reprogramming, lifetime and transgenerational nutrition tracking, and diet-microbiota-host interactions, highlighting cutting-edge technologies originated from or developed in C. elegans. We further review current challenges of using C. elegans as a nutritional model, followed by in-depth discussions on potential solutions. In particular, growth scales and throughputs, food uptake mode, and axenic culture of C. elegans are appraised in the context of food research. We also provide perspectives for future development of chemically defined nematode food ("NemaFood") for C. elegans, which is now widely accepted as a versatile and affordable in vivo model and has begun to show transformative potential to pioneer nutrition science.
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The PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the mechanisms are not well-understood. The present study found that the ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 is highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and promotes NSCLC cell survival and tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that TRIM25 binds to PTEN and mediates its K63-linked ubiquitination at K266. This modification prevents the plasma membrane translocation of PTEN and reduces its phosphatase activity therefore accumulating PI(3,4,5)P3. TRIM25 thus activates the AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, we found that the antibacterial nitroxoline can activate PTEN by reducing its K63-linked polyubiquitination and sensitizes NSCLC to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This study thus identified a novel modulation on the PTEN signaling pathway by TRIM25 and provides a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Humanos , Nitroquinolinas/farmacologia , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/fisiologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação/fisiologiaRESUMO
The Maf proteins, including c-Maf, MafA, and MafB, are critical transcription factors in myelomagenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that Maf proteins are processed by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, but the mechanisms remain elusive. This study applied MS to identify MafB ubiquitination-associated proteins and found that the ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 was present in the MafB interactome. Moreover, USP7 also interacted with c-Maf and MafA and blocked their polyubiquitination and degradation. Consistently, knockdown of USP7 resulted in Maf protein degradation along with increased polyubiquitination levels. The action of USP7 thus promoted Maf transcriptional activity as evidenced by luciferase assays and by the up-regulation of the expression of Maf-modulated genes. Furthermore, USP7 was up-regulated in myeloma cells, and it was negatively associated with the survival of myeloma patients. USP7 promoted myeloma cell survival, and when it was inhibited by its specific inhibitor P5091, myeloma cell lines underwent apoptosis. These results therefore demonstrated that USP7 is a deubiquitinase of Maf proteins and promotes MM cell survival in association with Maf stability. Given the significance of USP7 and Maf proteins in myeloma genesis, targeting the USP7/Maf axle is a potential strategy to the precision therapy of MM.
Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Maf Maior/genética , Fator de Transcrição MafB/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-maf/genética , Peptidase 7 Específica de Ubiquitina/genética , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Masculino , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Poliubiquitina/genética , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Proteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Peptidase 7 Específica de Ubiquitina/antagonistas & inibidores , Ubiquitinação/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The oncogenic transcript factor c-Maf is stabilized by the deubiquitinase Otub1 and promotes myeloma cell proliferation and confers to chemoresistance. Inhibition of the Otub1/c-Maf axis is a promising therapeutic target, but there are no inhibitors reported on this specific axis. METHODS: A luciferase assay was applied to screen potential inhibitors of Otub1/c-Maf. Annexin V staining/flow cytometry was applied to evaluate cell apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation was applied to examine protein ubiquitination and interaction. Xenograft models in nude mice were used to evaluate anti-myeloma activity of AVT. RESULTS: Acevaltrate (AVT), isolated from Valeriana glechomifolia, was identified based on a bioactive screen against the Otub1/c-Maf/luciferase system. AVT disrupts the interaction of Otub1/c-Maf thus inhibiting Otub1 activity and leading to c-Maf polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation in proteasomes. Consistently, AVT inhibits c-Maf transcriptional activity and downregulates the expression of its target genes key for myeloma growth and survival. Moreover, AVT displays potent anti-myeloma activity by triggering myeloma cell apoptosis in vitro and impairing myeloma xenograft growth in vivo but presents no marked toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The natural product AVT inhibits the Otub1/c-Maf axis and displays potent anti-myeloma activity. Given its great safety and efficacy, AVT could be further developed for MM treatment. Video Abstract.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Cisteína Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/uso terapêutico , Iridoides/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-maf/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisteína Endopeptidases/genética , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Iridoides/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-maf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-maf/metabolismoRESUMO
The present study aims to explore the glucose-lowering effects of the previously characterised dark tea (Camellia sinensis L.) protein extract (DTPE) from Heimaojian on the spleen-brain axis of diabetic mice. DTPE was orally administrated (50-100 mg/kg) to alloxan-induced mice for 21 d; a biochemical assay and transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)) were performed. The results showed that DTPE can improve glucose tolerance. Compared with the model group, at day 21, the fasting blood glucose values were significantly (P < 0·05) decreased by 44·9 % (13·8 v. 7·6 mmol/l) and 51·4 % (13·8 v. 6·7 mmol/l) for high dose of DTPE (100 mg/kg) and drug metformin (125 mg/kg) groups, respectively. Subsequently, transcriptome profiling (RNA-Seq) was performed on the spleen and brain of diabetic mice. Totally, fifty-two spleen-derived and forty-seven brain-derived differentially expressed genes related to the synthesis, transport and metabolism of glucose were identified. The regulatory network analysis indicated that DTPE may exert glucose-lowering effects through a thirty-seven-gene sub-network related to metabolism, Parkinson's disease, oxidative phosphorylation and immunity. In summary, for the first time, the present data revealed that dark tea-derived DTPE could exert a potential anti-hyperglycaemic effect by modulating the spleen-brain axis.
Assuntos
Camellia sinensis , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Extratos Vegetais , Chá/química , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Glucose , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Baço/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Recent studies show that the expression of CCND1, a key factor in cell cycle control, is increased following the progress and deteriotation of glioma and predicts poor outcomes. On the other hand, dysregulated deubiquitinase USP10 also predicts poor prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we investigated the interplay between CCND1 protein and USP10 in GBM cells. We showed that the expression of CCND1 was significantly higher in both GBM tissues and GBM-derived stem cells. USP10 interacted with CCND1 and prevented its K48- but not K63-linked polyubiquitination in GBM U251 and HS683 cells, which led to increased CCND1 stability. Consistent with the action of USP10 on CCND1, knockdown of USP10 by single-guided RNA downregulated CCND1 and caused GBM cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and induced GBM cell apoptosis. To implement this finding in the treatment of GBMs, we screened a natural product library and found that acevaltrate (AVT), an active component derived from the herbal plant Valeriana jatamansi Jones was strikingly potent to induce GBM cell apoptosis, which was confirmed by the Annexin V staining and activation of the apoptotic signals. Furthermore, we revealed that AVT concentration-dependently suppressed USP10-mediated deubiquitination on CCND1 therefore inducing CCND1 protein degradation. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the USP10/CCND1 axis could be a promising therapeutic target for patients with GBMs.
Assuntos
Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Iridoides/farmacologia , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação/fisiologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/antagonistas & inibidores , Ubiquitinação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The last decade has seen an unprecedented rise in the prevalence of chronic diseases worldwide. Different mono-targeted approaches have been devised to treat these multigenic diseases, still most of them suffer from limited success due to the off-target debilitating side effects and their inability to target multiple pathways. Hence a safe, efficacious, and multi-targeted approach is the need for the hour to circumvent these challenging chronic diseases. Curcumin, a natural compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, has been under intense scrutiny for its wide medicinal and biological properties. Curcumin is known to manifest antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antineoplastic, antifungal, and proapoptotic effects. A plethora of literature has already established the immense promise of curcuminoids in the treatment and clinical management of various chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. To date, more than 230 clinical trials have opened investigations to understand the pharmacological aspects of curcumin in human systems. Still, further randomized clinical studies in different ethnic populations warrant its transition to a marketed drug. This review summarizes the results from different clinical trials of curcumin-based therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Curcumina , Neoplasias , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Curcuma , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Chemoresistance is a leading obstacle in effective management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in PCa chemoresistance could improve treatment of patients with PCa. In the present study, using immune histochemical, chemistry, and precipitation assays with cells from individuals with benign or malignant prostate cancer or established PCa cell lines, we found that the oncogenic transcription factor pre-B cell leukemia homeobox-1 (PBX1) promotes PCa cell proliferation and confers to resistance against common anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin and cisplatin. We observed that genetic PBX1 knockdown abrogates this resistance, and further experiments revealed that PBX1 stability was modulated by the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. To directly probe the impact of this pathway on PBX1 activity, we screened for PBX1-specific deubiquitinases (Dubs) and found that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9x) interacted with and stabilized the PBX1 protein by attenuating its Lys-48-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, the USP9x inhibitor WP1130 markedly induced PBX1 degradation and promoted PCa cell apoptosis. The results in this study indicate that PBX1 confers to PCa chemoresistance and identify USP9x as a Dub of PBX1. We concluded that targeting the USP9x/PBX1 axis could be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing advanced prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Fator de Transcrição 1 de Leucemia de Células Pré-B/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Masculino , Fator de Transcrição 1 de Leucemia de Células Pré-B/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/enzimologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Proteólise , Ubiquitina/metabolismoRESUMO
Two key enzymes like α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) play an important role in the development of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), and inhibiting them is a common treatment strategy for T2D. In this study, an ultrafiltration- centrifugation approach was developed to isolate peptides from dark protein extract. Consequently, 6 peptides TAELLPR, CGKKFVR, AVPANLVDLNVPALLK, VVDLVFFAAAK, MSLYPR and QGQELLPSDFK were identified. The four peptides exhibited α-glucosidase inhibition activities with the IC50 values of 0.43 ± 0.03, 0.52 ± 0.09, 1.03 ± 0.13 and 0.04 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively, which were lower than the IC50 value of positive drug acarbose (1.51 ± 0.23 mg/mL); the last two peptides had DPP4 inhibition activities with the IC50 values of 1.35 ± 0.15 and 3.89 ± 0.22 mg/mL, respectively. This suggests that dark tea-derived peptides, for the first time, were found to be potential agents for α-glucosidase and DPP4 inhibition.