Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species.

Eleven species of Elmohardyia are recorded for the first time in northeastern Brazil, the most arid Brazilian region. There are two new records, E. lindneri (Collin) and E. trinidadensis (Hardy), and nine new species, which are here described and illustrated: Elmohardyia cearensis sp. nov.; E. cheliformis sp. nov.; E. distincta sp. nov.; E. formosa sp. nov.; E. limeirai sp. nov.; E. martae sp. nov.; E. potiguar sp. nov.; E. quadricornis sp. nov. and E. rosalinae sp. nov.

Rhamphempis, a New Genus of Empidini (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae) of the New World, with Descriptions of Five New Species from French Guiana and the Eastern United States.

The genus Rhamphempisgen. nov. (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae: Empidini) is described and includes the following five new species from French Guiana and the USA: Rhamphempis concavasp. nov. (France: French Guiana, Roura); R. distinctasp. nov. (France: French Guiana, Roura); R. mirificasp. nov. (France: French Guiana, Régina); R. montreuilisp. nov. (Type species, France: French Guiana, Mitaraka, Roura, St-Georges-de-l'Oyapock); and R. septentrionalissp. nov. (USA: Maryland, College Park). The genus differs from other empidine genera by the following combination of characters: scape and postpedicel lengthened, proboscis long, strongly sclerotised with labella as long as prementum bearing annulations, wing with R2+3 somewhat shortened, more or less recurved at pterostigma, R4+5 unforked, base of abdomen yellowish in male, brownish to blackish in female, male pregenital segments strongly modified and postabdomen more or less downcurved, presence of large surstylus, very fine and long phallus. The genus is fully illustrated and keyed along with a discussion of its peculiar disjunct geographic distribution and its phylogenetic relationship within the tribe Empidini.

Tropicohilara, a New Genus of Hilarini (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae) from Brazil, with Descriptions of Six New Species.

The genus Tropicohilaragen. nov. (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae: Hilarini) is described and includes the following six new species from Brazil: Tropicohilara amazonensissp. nov. (type species, Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus); T. bahiensissp. nov. (Brazil: Bahia, Camacan); T. bellasp. nov. (Brazil: Pernambuco, Jaqueira); T. mineirasp. nov. (Brazil: Minas Gerais, Itamonte); T. paranaensissp. nov. (Brazil: Paraná, Piraquara); and T. sinclairisp. nov. (Brazil: Paraná, Morretes). The genus is presently recorded from the Amazonian and Atlantic Forest biomes. It differs from other hilarine genera by the following combination of characteristics: predominantly yellowish specimens; occiput somewhat conical in dorsal view; postpedicel elongate, male first fore tarsomere unmodified; hind tibia slightly shorter than hind femur; wing vein R2+3 with setae on ventral surface; male tergite 7 with a sclerotized band at posterior margin, tergite 8 reduced and upwardly directed so that terminalia can be flexed forward. A key to the species is provided.

Insect (Hexapoda) Diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Clusiidae (Diptera).

For the first time, Clusiidae (Diptera) species are recorded from the oceanic Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. They are represented by three genera and seven species: Czernyola fumialula sp. nov., Heteromeringia czernyi Kertsz, 1903, Sobarocephala araujoi sp. nov., S. finnilaei Frey, 1918, S. icmbio sp. nov., S. protea Lonsdale & Marshall, 2012, and S. sp. For S. icmbio sp. nov., the aggregation behavior at night was observed on the undersides of broad leaves, females contained an average of 71 eggs, and flight interception traps correlated a positive linear relationship with precipitation seasonally. An illustrated key is presented for all species of the Archipelago.

Cephalosphaera Enderlein and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of nine new species and an updated key to their Neotropical species.

Cephalosphaera Enderlein, 1936 and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer, 1994 have a cosmopolitan distribution and they include a few studied species in the Neotropical region. Both genera are entirely unknown in Colombia. One new species of Cephalosphaera and eight of Neocephalosphaera are described from protected areas and from conflict-territories of limited access in Colombia, namely, Cephalosphaera munchiquensis sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, La Romelia, Cauca, 2640 m), Neocephalosphaera carinae sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Cabaa Mamarramos, Boyac, 2855 m), N. grisea sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Quebrada Los Mudos, Boyac, 2840 m), N. iguaquensis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, El Nispero, Boyac, 2730 m), N. muisca sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Boyac, 2855 m), N. paolae sp. nov. (type locality: San Jos del Fragua, Caquet, 1270 m), N. spinifera sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Los Colorados, Alto El Mirador, Bolvar, 400 m), N. spiralis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Quebrada Carrizal, Boyac, 3350 m) and N. sumapazensis sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Cabaa Las Mirias, Meta, 735 m). Illustrations and a dichotomic key to the Neotropical species of these two genera are presented.

Review of Homalocnemidae of Chile with a key to species and descriptions of male and female terminalia (Diptera: Empidoidea).

The Homalocnemidae of Chile is reviewed, including the descriptions of the male and female terminalia of the two known species: H. nigripennis Philippi and H. praesumpta Collin. All references pertaining to Chilean Homalocnemis Philippi and the two known species are provided. Geographical distributions of the species were compiled and mapped from bibliographic data and collections. An illustrated key to the two species is also presented.

Atriadops macula (Wiedemann) inhabiting the canopy: the first record of Nemestrinidae (Diptera) in the Amazon Basin.

This is the first record of the family Nemestrinidae in the Amazon Basin, based on three females identified as Atriadops macula (Wiedemann, 1824). The specimens were collected in the canopy using flight interception traps. This species was previously known to inhabit understory open areas. The canopy, the new habitat record, is an open area stratum with higher insolation, higher temperature and less humidity. As the adults of A. macula have the mouthparts greatly reduced, they probably do not feed and their occurrence in the canopy probably is more likely related to the distribution of their hosts as well as the environmental factors.

Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species.

The species of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae) are large bodied flies, easily identified by their flattened hind tarsus and curved dm-m wing vein. The species of this Neotropical genus are revised, including six new species: Amazunculus acreanus sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco), A. bethoi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Carauari), A. francyae sp. nov. (type-locality: Ecuador, Napo), A. manauara sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus), A. panamensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Panama, Canal Zone) and A. psilalarius sp. nov. (type-locality: Venezuela, Amazonas). All these new species are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. An identification key to the twelve species of Amazunculus is provided. The first record of Amazunculus in Central America (Panama) is documented.

Inpauema, a new genus of Odiniidae (Diptera) from Brazil, with description of five new species.

A new genus and five new species of odiniids (Odiniidae: Traginopinae) are described from the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes: Inpauema mirador gen. nov. et sp. nov. (type species), I. catarinae sp. nov., I. gaimarii sp. nov., I. raimundoluizi sp. nov., and I. xavieri sp. nov. The genus is being characterized by a unique combination of diagnostic characters: body predominantly dark brown to black, with silvery-gray pruinose spots on inner margin of eyes, longitudinally along middle of lunule and face, on notopleuron and mesopleuron; postcranium concave from dorsal view; one pair of stout proclinate ocellar setae; postocellar setae absent; lunule shorter than frons; gena lacking upturned seta; antennae separated by a maximum distance of 2X the diameter of a single antennal socket and gonocoxal apodemes directed upward, forming an arch. A key to separate Helgreelia Gaimari, 2007 from Inpauema gen. nov. and for the new species is provided.

Latheticomyia Wheeler (Diptera: Pseudopomyzidae) from Peru: new species, description of the male of L. longiterebra Hennig and a key to species.

Latheticomyia Wheeler is a small New World genus, with five described species. Here two species from Peru, Latheticomyia peruana sp. nov. and Latheticomyia xantha sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The male of L. longiterebra Hennig is described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, a key to species is provided.