RESUMO
Not available.
Assuntos
COVID-19/imunologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and currently lacks any effective targeted therapy. Since epigenetic alterations are a common event in TNBC, DNA methylation profiling can be useful for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, genome-wide DNA methylation from eight TNBC and six non-neoplastic tissues was analysed using Illumina Human Methylation 450K BeadChip. Results were validated by pyrosequencing in an independent cohort of 50 TNBC and 24 non-neoplastic samples, where protein expression was also assessed by immunohistochemistry. The functional role of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 12(ADAM12) in TNBC cell proliferation, migration and drug response was analysed by gene expression silencing with short hairpin RNA. Three genes (Von Willenbrand factor C and Epidermal Growth Factor domain-containing protein (VWCE), tetraspanin-9 (TSPAN9) and ADAM12) were found to be exclusively hypomethylated in TNBC. Furthermore, ADAM12 hypomethylation was associated with a worse outcome in TNBC tissues and was also found in adjacent-to-tumour tissue and, preliminarily, in plasma from TNBC patients. In addition, ADAM12 silencing decreased TNBC cell proliferation and migration and improved doxorubicin sensitivity in TNBC cells. Our results indicate that ADAM12 is a potential therapeutic target and its hypomethylation could be a poor outcome biomarker in TNBC.
Assuntos
Proteína ADAM12/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Metilação de DNA , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Tetraspaninas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Apoptose , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The tumor-suppressor protein p16 is paradoxically overexpressed in cervical cancer (CC). Despite its potential as a biomarker, its clinical value and the reasons for its failure in tumor suppression remain unclear. Our purpose was to determine p16 clinical and biological significance in CC. p16 expression pattern was examined by immunohistochemistry in 78 CC cases (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix -SCCCs). CC cell proliferation and invasion were monitored by real-time cell analysis and Transwell® invasion assay, respectively. Cytoplasmic p16 interactors were identified from immunoprecipitated extracts by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and colocalization was confirmed by double-immunofluorescence. We observed that SCCCs showed significantly more cytoplasmic than nuclear p16 expression than HSILs. Importantly, nuclear p16 absence significantly predicted poor outcome in SCCC patients irrespective of other clinical parameters. Moreover, we demonstrated that cytoplasmic p16 interacted with CDK4 and other unreported proteins, such as BANF1, AKAP8 and AGTRAP, which could sequester p16 to avoid nuclear translocation, and then, impair its anti-tumor function. Our results suggest that the absence of nuclear p16 could be a diagnostic biomarker between HSIL and SCCC, and an independent prognostic biomarker in SCCC; and explain why p16 overexpression fails to stop CC growth.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/biossíntese , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Células HeLa , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnósticoRESUMO
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative processes, mainly composed of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the aggressive forms of which lack an effective treatment. The molecular pathogenesis of CTCL is largely unknown, although neoplastic cells show increased signaling from T-cell receptors (TCRs). DNAs from 11 patients with CTCL, both normal and tumoral, were target-enriched and sequenced by massive parallel sequencing for a selection of 524 TCR-signaling-related genes. Identified variants were validated by capillary sequencing. Multiple mutations were found that affected several signaling pathways, such as TCRs, nuclear factor κB, or Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, but PLCG1 was found to be mutated in 3 samples, 2 of which featured a redundant mutation (c.1034T>C, S345F) in exon 11 that affects the PLCx protein catalytic domain. This mutation was further analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction genotyping in a new cohort of 42 patients with CTCL, where it was found in 19% of samples. Immunohistochemical analysis for nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) showed that PLCG1-mutated cases exhibited strong NFAT nuclear immunostaining. Functional studies demonstrated that PLCG1 mutants elicited increased downstream signaling toward NFAT activation, and inhibition of this pathway resulted in reduced CTCL cell proliferation and cell viability. Thus, increased proliferative and survival mechanisms in CTCL may partially depend on the acquisition of somatic mutations in PLCG1 and other genes that are essential for normal T-cell differentiation.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Células T/genética , Mutação , Fosfolipase C gama/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Estudos de Coortes , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Linfoma de Células T/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Células NIH 3T3 , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. The hypermethylation of P16, TSLC-1 and TSP-1 genes was analyzed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) and adenocarcinomas (ADC) of the uterine cervix (total 181 lesions). Additionally human papillomavirus (HPV) type, EPB41L3, RASSF1 and RASSF2 hypermethylation were tested in ADC and the results were compared with those obtained previously by our group in SCC. P16, TSLC-1 and TSP-1 hypermethylation was more frequent in SCCs than in CINs. These percentages and the corresponding ones for EPB41L3, RASSF1 and RASSF2 genes were also higher in SCCs than in ADCs, except for P16. The presence of HPV in ADCs was lower than reported previously in SCC and CIN. Patients with RASSF1A hypermethylation showed significantly longer disease-free survival (P = 0.015) and overall survival periods (P = 0.009) in ADC patients. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the EPB41L3 and RASSF2 hypermethylation in ADCs. These results suggest that the involvement of DNA hypermethylation in cervical cancer varies depending on the histological type, which might contribute to explaining the different prognosis of patients with these types of tumors.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Alphapapillomavirus/classificação , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Displasia do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Alphapapillomavirus/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Molécula 1 de Adesão Celular , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Colo do Útero/patologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina , Metilação de DNA , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Prognóstico , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) transcription factor family is considered to have a key role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pathogenesis and is associated with a specific molecular subtype, the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype. We evaluated the expression of NFκB by immunohistochemistry in a large series of DLBCL cases. The five different NFκB family members (NFκB1, NFκB2, RELA, RELB, and REL) showed a heterogeneous expression pattern with the vast majority of cases being positive for at least one factor. Two independent series of tumor samples were classified into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) or ABC subtypes using different approaches, immunohistochemistry, or gene expression profiling, and the expression of NFκB family members was assessed. Notably, no significant differences regarding the expression of the different NFκB members were detected between the two subtypes, suggesting that NFκB signaling is a prominent feature not only in the ABC subtype, but also in the GCB tumors. Of the five transcription factors, only REL expression had a significant clinical impact on R-CHOP-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, identifying a subgroup of patients with superior clinical outcome.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/metabolismo , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , NF-kappa B/biossíntese , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização In Situ , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/classificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrognósticoRESUMO
Infection is the leading cause of death in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the cellular composition associated with immune dysfunction is not defined. We analyzed immune profiles in the peripheral blood of patients with MM (n = 28) and B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (n = 53) vs. health care practitioners (n = 96), using multidimensional and computational flow cytometry. MM patients displayed altered distribution of most cell types (41/56, 73%), particularly within the B-cell (17/17) and T-cell (20/30) compartments. Using COVID-19 as a case study, we compared the immune response to vaccination based on 64,304 data points generated from the analysis of 1099 longitudinal samples. MM patients showed limited B-cell expansion linked to lower anti-RBD and anti-S antibody titers after the first two doses and booster. The percentages of B cells and CD4+ T cells in the blood, as well as the absolute counts of B cells and dendritic cells, predicted vaccine immunogenicity at different time points. In contrast with the humoral response, the percentage and antigen-dependent differentiation of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells was not altered in MM patients. Taken together, this study defined the cellular composition associated with immune dysfunction in MM and provided biomarkers such as the B-cell percentage and absolute count to individualize vaccination calendars.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Mieloma Múltiplo , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinação , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologiaRESUMO
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are very aggressive hematologic malignancies for which there is no targeted therapy. New, rational approaches are necessary to improve the very poor outcome in these patients. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase is one of the most important pathways in cell survival and proliferation. We hypothesized that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors could be rationally selected drugs for treating peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Several phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase isoforms were inhibited genetically (using small interfering RNA) and pharmacologically (with CAL-101 and GDC-0941 compounds) in a panel of six peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines. Cell viability was measured by intracellular ATP content; apoptosis and cell cycle changes were checked by flow cytometry. Pharmacodynamic biomarkers were assessed by western blot. The PIK3CD gene, which encodes the δ isoform of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, was overexpressed in cell lines and primary samples, and correlated with survival pathways. However, neither genetic nor specific pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase δ affected cell survival. In contrast, the pan-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor GDC-0941 arrested all T-cell lymphoma cell lines in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis in a subset of them. We identified phospho-GSK3ß and phospho-p70S6K as potential biomarkers of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitors. Interestingly, an increase in ERK phosphorylation was observed in some GDC -0941-treated T-cell lymphoma cell lines, suggesting the presence of a combination of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and MEK inhibitors. A highly synergistic effect was found between the two inhibitors, with the combination enhancing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 in all T-cell lymphoma cell lines, and reducing cell viability in primary tumor T cells ex vivo. These results suggest that the combined treatment of pan-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase + MEK inhibitors could be more effective than single phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor treatment, and therefore, that this combination could be of therapeutic value for treating peripheral and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/enzimologia , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Early intervention in smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) requires optimal risk stratification to avoid under- and overtreatment. We hypothesized that replacing bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PC) for circulating tumor cells (CTC), and adding immune biomarkers in peripheral blood (PB) for the identification of patients at risk of progression due to lost immune surveillance, could improve the International Myeloma Working Group 20/2/20 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We report the outcomes of 150 patients with SMM enrolled in the iMMunocell study, in which serial assessment of tumor and immune cells in PB was performed every 6 months for a period of 3 years since enrollment. RESULTS: Patients with >0.015% versus ≤0.015% CTCs at baseline had a median time-to-progression of 17 months versus not reached (HR, 4.9; P < 0.001). Presence of >20% BM PCs had no prognostic value in a multivariate analysis that included serum free light-chain ratio >20, >2 g/dL M-protein, and >0.015% CTCs. The 20/2/20 and 20/2/0.015 models yielded similar risk stratification (C-index of 0.76 and 0.78). The combination of the 20/2/0.015 model with an immune risk score based on the percentages of SLAN+ and SLAN- nonclassical monocytes, CD69+HLADR+ cytotoxic NK cells, and CD4+CXCR3+ stem central memory T cells, allowed patient' stratification into low, intermediate-low, intermediate-high, and high-risk disease with 0%, 20%, 39%, and 73% rates of progression at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that CTCs outperform BM PCs for assessing tumor burden. Additional analysis in larger series are needed to define a consensus cutoff of CTCs for minimally invasive stratification of SMM.
Assuntos
Mieloma Múltiplo , Mieloma Múltiplo Latente , Humanos , Progressão da Doença , Prognóstico , Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina , Medição de Risco , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapiaRESUMO
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype and lacks targeted treatment. It is diagnosed by the absence of immunohistochemical expression of several biomarkers, but this method still displays some interlaboratory variability. DNA methylome aberrations are common in BC, thereby methylation profiling could provide the identification of accurate TNBC diagnosis biomarkers. Here, we generated a signature of differentially methylated probes with class prediction ability between 5 non-neoplastic breast and 7 TNBC tissues (error rate = 0.083). The robustness of this signature was corroborated in larger cohorts of additional 58 non-neoplastic breast, 93 TNBC, and 150 BC samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository, where it yielded an error rate of 0.006. Furthermore, we validated by pyrosequencing the hypomethylation of three out of 34 selected probes (FLJ43663, PBX Homeobox 1 (PBX1), and RAS P21 protein activator 3 (RASA3) in 51 TNBC, even at early stages of the disease. Finally, we found significantly lower methylation levels of FLJ43663 in cell free-DNA from the plasma of six TNBC patients than in 15 healthy donors. In conclusion, we report a novel DNA methylation signature with potential predictive value for TNBC diagnosis.
RESUMO
No therapeutic targets and molecular biomarkers are available in cervical cancer (CC) management. In other cancer types, micro-RNA-877-3p (miR-877-3p) has been associated with events relevant for CC development. Thus, we aimed to determine miR-877-3p role in CC. miR-877-3p levels were examined by quantitative-PCR in 117 cervical lesions and tumors. Effects on CC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated upon anti-miR-877-3p transfection. miR-877-3p dependent molecular mechanism was comprehensively explored by proteomics, dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cervical tumors expressed higher miR-877-3p levels than benign lesions. miR-877-3p promoted CC cell migration and invasion, at least partly by modulating cytoskeletal protein folding through the chaperonin-containing T-complex protein 1 complex. Notably, miR-877-3p silencing synergized with paclitaxel. Interestingly, miR-877-3p downregulated the levels of an in silico-predicted target, ZNF177, whose expression and subcellular location significantly distinguished high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix (SCCCs). Cytoplasmic ZNF177 was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival in SCCC. Our results suggest that: (i) miR-877-3p is a potential therapeutic target whose inhibition improves paclitaxel effects; (ii) the expression and location of its target ZNF177 could be diagnostic biomarkers between HSIL and SCCC; and (iii) cytoplasmic ZNF177 is a poor-prognosis biomarker in SCCC.
RESUMO
There is evidence of reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in patients with hematological malignancies. We hypothesized that tumor and treatment-related immunosuppression can be depicted in peripheral blood, and that immune profiling prior to vaccination can help predict immunogenicity. We performed a comprehensive immunological characterization of 83 hematological patients before vaccination and measured IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody response to four viral antigens at day +7 after second-dose COVID-19 vaccination using multidimensional and computational flow cytometry. Health care practitioners of similar age were the control group (n = 102). Forty-four out of 59 immune cell types were significantly altered in patients; those with monoclonal gammopathies showed greater immunosuppression than patients with B-cell disorders and Hodgkin lymphoma. Immune dysregulation emerged before treatment, peaked while on-therapy, and did not return to normalcy after stopping treatment. We identified an immunotype that was significantly associated with poor antibody response and uncovered that the frequency of neutrophils, classical monocytes, CD4, and CD8 effector memory CD127low T cells, as well as naive CD21+ and IgM+D+ memory B cells, were independently associated with immunogenicity. Thus, we provide novel immune biomarkers to predict COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in hematological patients, which are complementary to treatment-related factors and may help tailoring possible vaccine boosters.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19/imunologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Eficácia de VacinasRESUMO
Information on the immunopathobiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly increasing; however, there remains a need to identify immune features predictive of fatal outcome. This large-scale study characterized immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using multidimensional flow cytometry, with the aim of identifying high-risk immune biomarkers. Holistic and unbiased analyses of 17 immune cell-types were conducted on 1,075 peripheral blood samples obtained from 868 COVID-19 patients and on samples from 24 patients presenting with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections and 36 healthy donors. Immune profiles of COVID-19 patients were significantly different from those of age-matched healthy donors but generally similar to those of patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed three immunotypes during SARS-CoV-2 infection; immunotype 1 (14% of patients) was characterized by significantly lower percentages of all immune cell-types except neutrophils and circulating plasma cells, and was significantly associated with severe disease. Reduced B-cell percentage was most strongly associated with risk of death. On multivariate analysis incorporating age and comorbidities, B-cell and non-classical monocyte percentages were independent prognostic factors for survival in training (n=513) and validation (n=355) cohorts. Therefore, reduced percentages of B-cells and non-classical monocytes are high-risk immune biomarkers for risk-stratification of COVID-19 patients.
Assuntos
COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Imunidade Adaptativa , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Biomarcadores , COVID-19/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Linfopenia/imunologia , Linfopenia/mortalidade , Linfopenia/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monócitos/imunologia , Prognóstico , SARS-CoV-2 , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Undiagnosed individuals with celiac disease (CD) or those who do not comply with gluten-free diet (GFD) are at a higher risk of developing malignancies. A possible origin of chromosomal alteration in autoimmune reaction could be mistakes in the rearrangement of V(D)J of the IgH gene. Our aim was to verify whether higher genomic instability was found in coeliac individuals and whether GFD reduced it. As marker of genomic instability we analysed the frequency of 2 translocations, t(14;18) and t(11;14), in peripheral blood by nested PCR, in 37 patients with CD at diagnosis, 27 patients with CD after 2 years on GFD, and 36 control individuals. No significant differences were found.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/genética , Instabilidade Cromossômica , Imunoglobulinas/genética , Linfócitos , Translocação Genética , Doença Celíaca/sangue , Doença Celíaca/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dieta Livre de Glúten , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Éxons VDJAssuntos
ADP-Ribosil Ciclase 1 , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , ADP-Ribosil Ciclase 1/antagonistas & inibidores , ADP-Ribosil Ciclase 1/metabolismo , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Complexo CD3/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Antígenos CD28 , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Feminino , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/uso terapêutico , Glicoproteínas de MembranaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cadherin-like protein 22 (CDH22) is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cell-cell adhesion and metastasis. Its role in cancer is controversial because it has been described as being upregulated in colorectal cancer, whereas it is downregulated in metastatic melanoma. However, its status in breast cancer (BC) is unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the molecular status and clinical value of CDH22 in BC. RESULTS: We observed by immunohistochemistry that the level of CDH22 expression was lower in BC tissues than in their matched adjacent-to-tumour and non-neoplastic tissues from reduction mammoplasties. Since epigenetic alteration is one of the main causes of gene silencing, we analysed the hypermethylation of 3 CpG sites in the CDH22 promoter by pyrosequencing in a series of 142 infiltrating duct BC cases. CDH22 was found to be hypermethylated in tumoral tissues relative to non-neoplastic mammary tissues. Importantly, this epigenetic alteration was already present in adjacent-to-tumour tissues, although to a lesser extent than in tumoral samples. Furthermore, CDH22 gene regulation was dynamically modulated in vitro by epigenetic drugs. Interestingly, CDH22 hypermethylation in all 3 CpG sites simultaneously, but not expression, was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.015) and overall survival (p = 0.021) in our patient series. Importantly, CDH22 hypermethylation was an independent factor that predicts poor progression-free survival regardless of age and stage (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Our results are the first evidence that CDH22 is hypermethylated in BC and that this alteration is an independent prognostic factor in BC. Thus, CDH22 hypermethylation could be a potential biomarker of poor prognosis in BC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Caderinas/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Metilação de DNA , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Regulação para Baixo , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
The CHL1 gene encodes a cell-adhesion molecule proposed as being a putative tumour-suppressor gene in breast cancer (BC). However, neither the underlying molecular mechanisms nor the clinical value of CHL1 downregulation in BC has been explored. The methylation status of three CpG sites in the CHL1 promoter was analysed by pyrosequencing in neoplastic biopsies from 142 patients with invasive BC and compared with that of non-neoplastic tissues. We found higher CHL1 methylation levels in breast tumours than in non-neoplastic tissues, either from mammoplasties or adjacent-to-tumour, which correlated with lower levels of protein expression in tumours measured by immunohistochemistry. A panel of five BC cell lines was treated with two epigenetic drugs, and restoration of CHL1 expression was observed, indicating in vitro dynamic epigenetic regulation. CHL1 was silenced by shRNA in immortalized but non-neoplastic mammary cells, and enhanced cell proliferation and migration, but not invasion, were found by real-time cell analysis. The prognostic value of CHL1 hypermethylation was assessed by the log-rank test and fitted in a Cox regression model. Importantly, CHL1 hypermethylation was very significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival in our BC patient series, independent of age and stage (p = 0.001). In conclusion, our results indicate that CHL1 is downregulated by hypermethylation and that this epigenetic alteration is an independent prognostic factor in BC.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/genética , Metilação de DNA , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sequência de Bases , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/biossíntese , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Ilhas de CpG/genética , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Interferência de RNA , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Currently, there is no efficient therapy for patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). The Proviral Integration site of Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are important mediators of cell survival. We aimed to determine the therapeutic value of PIM kinases because they are overexpressed in PTCL patients, T cell lines and primary tumoral T cells. PIM kinases were inhibited genetically (using small interfering and short hairpin RNAs) and pharmacologically (mainly with the pan-PIM inhibitor (PIMi) ETP-39010) in a panel of 8 PTCL cell lines. Effects on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, key proteins and gene expression were evaluated. Individual inhibition of each of the PIM genes did not affect PTCL cell survival, partially because of a compensatory mechanism among the three PIM genes. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of all PIM kinases strongly induced apoptosis in all PTCL cell lines, without cell cycle arrest, in part through the induction of DNA damage. Therefore, pan-PIMi synergized with Cisplatin. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PIM reduced primary tumoral T cell viability without affecting normal T cells ex vivo. Since anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) cell lines were the most sensitive to the pan-PIMi, we tested the simultaneous inhibition of ALK and PIM kinases and found a strong synergistic effect in ALK+ ALCL cell lines. Our findings suggest that PIM kinase inhibition could be of therapeutic value in a subset of PTCL, especially when combined with ALK inhibitors, and might be clinically beneficial in ALK+ ALCL.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/fisiologia , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/genética , Linfoma de Células T Periférico/patologia , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/genética , RNA Interferente PequenoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous entity of neoplasms with poor prognosis, a lack of effective therapies, and a largely unknown molecular pathology. Deregulated NF-κB activity has been associated with several lymphoproliferative diseases, but its importance in T-cell lymphomagenesis is poorly understood. We investigated the function of the NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), in this pathway and its role as a potential molecular target in T-cell lymphomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of different NF-κB members in primary human PTCL samples and to study its clinical impact. With the aim of inhibiting the pathway, we used genetic silencing of NIK in several T-cell lymphoma cell lines and observed its effect on downstream targets and cell viability. RESULTS: We showed that the NF-κB pathway was activated in a subset of PTCLs associated with poor overall survival. NIK was overexpressed in a number of PTCL cell lines and primary samples, and a pivotal role for NIK in the survival of these tumor cells was unveiled. NIK depletion led to a dramatic induction of apoptosis in NIK-overexpressing cell lines and also showed a more pronounced effect on cell survival than inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK) knockdown. NIK silencing induced a blockage of both classical and alternative NF-κB activation and reduced expression of several prosurvival and antiapoptotic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that NIK could be a promising therapeutic target in these aggressive malignancies.