[Association between physical activity and income levels in chilean adults]. / Niveles de actividad física y tiempo sedente según ingreso económico en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: The Chilean population reports high levels of physical inactivity. The relationship between income level, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors is not well known. AIM: To describe the levels of PA and sedentary time, according to income levels in the Chilean population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of data from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017, which included 5,130 participants (52.9% women). The levels of PA and sedentary time were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Income levels were established according to the self-reported income per capita of the households and presented as quintiles. PA levels according to income levels were estimated by linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Transport-related PA was higher in the lowest income quintiles (p = 0.039). There were no trends for income levels and PA domains including moderate, vigorous, total, occupational and leisure PA. The prevalence of leisure and occupational physical inactivities were higher in the lowest quintiles of income. Sitting time was higher in the higher income levels (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: People in the lowest quintile for income spent more time in transport-related PA and less time sitting. However, physical inactivity prevalence during leisure and work time were higher in people with lower income.

[Association of adiposity and diabetes mellitus type 2 by education level in the Chilean population]. / Asociación entre adiposidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 según nivel educacional en población chilena: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: Adiposity and education are two independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is limited evidence whether both education and adiposity are associated with T2D in an additive manner in the Chilean population. AIM: To investigate the joint association between adiposity and education with T2D in the Chilean adult population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of data of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017, which included 5,033 participants with a mean age of 43 years, (51% women). Poisson regression analyses with robust standard error were used to investigate the joint association of the education level and general and central adiposity with T2D. The results were reported as Prevalence Ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (PR, 95% CI). RESULTS: Obesity was associated with a higher probability of having T2D in men than in women, however central adiposity was associated with a higher probability of having T2D in women than in men. Compared with men who had higher education (> 12 years) and had normal body weight, those with the same educational level and who were obese had 2.3-times higher probability of having T2D (PR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.02; 5.39]). For women, having a low education and being obese was associated with 4.4-times higher probability of having T2D compared to those with higher education and normal body mass index (BMI) (PR: 4.47 [95% IC: 2.12; 9.24]). Similar results were observed when waist circumference was used as a marker of obesity rather than BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Women and men with higher BMI and low education had a higher risk of T2D. However, this risk was higher in women than in men.

[Association of physical inactivity with low levels of education]. / Nivel educativo y su asociación con niveles de actividad física en Chile.

BACKGROUND: A higher educational level is associated with healthier lifestyles. AIM: To assess the association between the level of compliance with physical activity recommendations and years of formal education in Chilean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis include 6,174 participants from the National Health Survey 2016-2017. Physical activity levels were assessed through the Global Physical Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Physical inactivity was defined as < 600 MET/minute/week. RESULTS: Among subjects without education, 44% and 27% of women and men respectively, were physically inactive. Among women and men with the highest number of years of education (> 16) the figures for physical inactivity were 27% and 15% respectively. The odds for not meeting the physical activity recommendations was 2.3 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.57; 3.38] and 3.9 [95% CI: 2.27; 6.95] in women and men without any formal education respectively, as compared with those who reported 12 years of education. Women and men who reported a high level of education ≥ (16 years) did not show significant differences compared to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: People with low levels of education are were likely to be physically inactive.

[Physical activity and sedentary behaviors among people with cancer]. / Nivel de actividad física y sedentarismo en personas con diagnóstico de cáncer en Chile.

BACKGROUND: One of the side effects of cancer treatment is a low level of physical activity (PA) due to fatigue and pain. AIM: To quantify PA levels in Chilean people with cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of the National Health Survey 2016-2017 including 6,233 participants, comparing those with and without a self-report of cancer was conducted. Levels of PA and sitting time were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: 3% of participants [confidence intervals (CI): 2.6; 3.9] reported having cancer and 34% [95% CI: 22.7; 46.7] of these reported being physically inactive, compared to 25% [95% CI: 22.5; 27,3] of those without cancer. Participants with cancer performed 56 and 77 minutes/day lower vigorous and total PA than participants without cancer. No differences between groups were observed for commuting PA, moderate PA and sedentary time. Lower level of PA was independent of the years elapsed since the diagnosis of cancer. CONCLUSIONS: People with cancer are less physically active than their counterparts without the disease.

[Sociodemographic Patterning of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Derived by Equation in the Chilean Population: Findings from the Chilean Health Survey 2016-2017]. / Fitness cardiorrespiratorio estimado mediante ecuación y su caracterización sociodemográfica en población chilena: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of mortality and chronic diseases. However, its estimation is costly and time consuming which may limit it broad use in population-based studies. AIM: To estimate the cardiorespiratory fitness of the Chilean population by using equations and to characterize fitness levels of the Chilean population by sociodemographic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 5,958 adults from the Chilean Health Survey conducted between 2016 and 2017. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from sex-specific equations for men and women and expressed as METs (Energy Metabolic Equivalent). Fitness levels were characterized by sociodemographics factors (age, sex, education, income and area of residency). RESULTS: Fitness levels were higher in men (9.01 METs) than in women (6.76 METs) and in average decrease by 0.59 and 0.34 METs per each year increment in age for men and women, respectively. Fitness levels were 12.7 METs and 7.8 METs for 20-year-old men and women, respectively. However, fitness levels decreased to 7.8 METs and 4.3 METs in 90-year-old men and women, respectively. Fitness levels were also higher in individuals living in urban setting, those with higher education or income levels and lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports fitness levels in a nationally representative sample of Chile. Fitness levels were higher in men than women however, its decline with age was more pronounce in men than women.

[Prevalence of low hand grip strength in Chilean older adults. Findings from the national health survey 2016-2017]. / Prevalencia de debilidad muscular en personas mayores chilenas: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: Handgrip strength is an indicator of frailty in older people. AIM: To determine the prevalence of low handgrip strength in older Chilean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals aged 60 years or more, participating in the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey, was carried out. Handgrip strength was evaluated by a hand dynamometer and low grip strength was determined as a grip strength ≤ 15 kg and ≤ 27 kg for women and men, respectively. RESULTS: Twenty nine percent of participants had low grip strength. The average grip strength among 60-year-old men and women was 34.7 and 22.1 kg, respectively. These figures decreased to 28.8 kg and 17.2 kg among 90-year-old men and women, respectively. The prevalence of low grip strength in men and women aged 60 years was 18%. In 90-year-old men and women, these figures increased to 79% and 56.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of low grip strength increased substantially with age.

Association of leisure time and occupational physical activity with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in Chile.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA), both occupational (OPA) and during leisure time (LTPA), with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in Chilean adults. 5,157 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this study. OPA and LTPA levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The association between both PA with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors was determined using logistic regression. Our findings showed a significant trend between higher LTPA and lower odds for obesity (OR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.53; 0.76], central obesity 0.52 [0.44; 0.61]) and other cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes (OR: 0.72 [0.55; 0.94]), hypertension (OR: 0.59 [0.50; 0.71]) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.62 [0.50; 0.78]). In contrast, OPA was only associated with lower odds of diabetes (OR: 0.79 [0.65; 0.98]) and hypertension (0.85 [0.74; 0.98]). In conclusion, LTPA was associated with a lower risk of all major cardiovascular risk factors, whereas OPA was only associated with a lower risk of diabetes and hypertension.

[Lifestyles of Chilean housewives. Analysis of the 2009-2010 Chilean Health Survey]. / Caracterización de los estilos de vida en dueñas de casa chilenas. Análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010.

BACKGROUND: Housewives represent a important proportion of the Chilean population. However, there is limited evidence about their lifestyles. AIM: To characterize lifestyles and determine the level of compliance with healthy lifestyles guidelines of housewives in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Housewives from the 2009-2010 National Health Survey were included. The variables studied included levels of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, diet, hours of sleep and smoking. Compliance with healthy lifestyle behaviors was evaluated through logistic regression, granting a value of 1 for compliance and 0 for non-compliance. A healthy lifestyle was defined as meeting at least four healthy behaviors. RESULTS: Housewives aged > 55 years had a higher BMI and waist circumference compared to those aged < 40 years. Housewives were also more likely to report moderate alcohol consumption and were more likely to meet a healthier lifestyle score (Odds ratio = 1.52 [95% confidence intervals: 1.09 to 2.11], p = 0.013). No significant age trends were observed for other lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Housewives had high levels of central obesity, excess body weight and high levels of salt intake but low alcohol intake. Their healthy lifestyles behaviors increased along with increasing age.

Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance after a Six-Week International Tour in Young Chilean Female Tennis Players.

Junior tennis players travel a lot to play tennis tournaments; this causes them to spend a lot of time away from their homes and disrupts their training, which could reduce their performance and increase the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in physical performance and body composition after a six-week international tour in young Chilean female tennis players. Thirty young female tennis players (15.4 ± 0.6) participated in this study. Body weight, skinfolds, and perimeters were measured. Body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were calculated. For physical performance, 5 m sprint, the 505 with stationary start test (505 test), the pro-agility test, countermovement jump (CMJ), and medicine ball throw (MBT) were evaluated. The results show a significant increase in BFP and decrease in SMM (p < 0.01; d = -0.18 and 0.19, respectively). In terms of physical performance, 5 m sprint, the 505 test (p < 0.01; d = -0.95 and -0.95, respectively), CMJ, MBT, and HJ significantly decreased post-tour (p < 0.05; d = 0.96, 0.89 and 0.47, respectively). We conclude that, after a six-week international tour, there were changes in body composition and a significant decrease in 5 m sprint, the 505 test, CMJ, and MBT.

Effects of a Six-Week International Tour on the Physical Performance and Body Composition of Young Chilean Tennis Players.

In tennis, it is common for young male tennis players to spend several weeks away from their local training camps during the competition season, which could affect their performance. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of a six-week international tour on physical performance and body composition in young Chilean tennis players. Twenty-four men between the ages of 14 and 16 participated in this research. In body composition and anthropometric measurement, body weight, height, skinfolds, and perimeters were measured. Body fat percentage (BFP) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) were calculated. For physical performance, 5-m and 10-m sprints, modified agility test (MAT test), countermovement jump (CMJ), and medicine ball throw (MBT) were evaluated. Results show that, in body composition, BFP and SMM significantly decreased post-tour (p < 0.05; effect sizes ranging from 0.23 to 0.33, respectively). In physical performance, agility and 5-m and 10-m sprints significantly decreased (p < 0.05, effect sizes ranging from −0.63 to 1.10). We conclude that after a six-week international tour, BFP, SMM, agility, and speed (linear sprint) tend to decrease significantly, with a greater effect in the sprint tests.

Brisk Walking Pace Is Associated with Better Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: Although the importance of walking for promoting a better cardiometabolic health is widely known (this includes both cardiovascular and metabolic/endocrine systems), there is little knowledge regarding its appropriate pace to provide adults with more cardiometabolic benefits. AIM: To analyze the associations between different walking pace categories and cardiometabolic health markers in the adult Chilean population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 5520 participants aged 15 to 90 years old from the Chilean National Health Survey (CNHS) 2016-2017 were included. Walking pace categories (slow, average, and brisk) were collected through self-reported methods. Glycaemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), vitamin D2, vitamin D3, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile (Total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, No HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) were determined using blood sample tests and measured with the standardized methods described in the CNHS 2016-2017. RESULTS: People who had a brisk walking pace were associated with lower levels of glycaemia, HbA1c, GGT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher vitamin D3 levels compared with those with a slow walking pace. Moreover, people with a brisk walking pace had lower levels of VLDL cholesterol compared with those with a slow walking pace. However, after adjusting the model to include sociodemographic background, nutritional status, and lifestyle variables, the differences remained only for glycaemia, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSIONS: A brisk walking pace was associated with better cardiometabolic health markers and lipid profile compared with a slow walking pace.

[Levels of physical activity and sitting time in elderly people with fragility: results of the 2016-2017 National Health Survey]. / Niveles de actividad física y tiempo sedente en personas mayores con fragilidad: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017.

Introduction: Background: fragility is characterized by loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. An intervention with beneficial effects on the prevention and management of frailty is the regular practice of physical activity (PA). Objective: to determine the association between levels of PA, sedentary time and frailty in older Chileans by sex. Methodology: 232 people over 60 years of age from the metropolitan region participating in the National Health Survey 2016-2017 were included. Frailty was assessed based on the Fried Phenotype Scale criteria and PA level and sedentary time with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). The association between levels of PA with the different states of frailty was investigated with linear regression analysis. Results and conclusion: elderly people with frailty have less total PA (ß = -292.6 min/day [95 % CI: 399.5; -185.7], p = 0.001), occupational PA (ß = -5821.8 min/day [95 % CI: 8680.8, -2962.8], p = 0.001), transportation (ß = -68.0 min/day [95 % CI: -105.4, -30.62], p = 0.001). A lower amount of moderate AF was also found (ß = -137.7 min/day [95 % CI: -202.0, -73.5], p = 0.001); vigorous (ß = -43.4 min/day [95 % CI: -81.6; -5.20], p = 0.026) and longer time seated (ß = 3.55 hours/day [95 % CI: - 1.97, 5.14], p = 0.001). Frail older people have lower PA levels compared to their peers without frailty. Considering that the Chilean population will experience an increase in the number of older people, it is essential to implement preventive measures to delay the onset of frailty, such as promoting the practice of PA at all levels.

Introducción: Antecedentes: la fragilidad se caracteriza por la pérdida de reservas biológicas y la vulnerabilidad a resultados adversos. Una intervención con efectos beneficiosos sobre la prevención y el manejo de la fragilidad es la práctica regular de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: caracterizar los niveles de AF y tiempo sedente en personas mayores con fragilidad. Metodología: se incluyó a 232 personas mayores de 60 años de la región metropolitana, participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. La fragilidad se evaluó en base a los criterios de la escala de fenotipos de Fried y el nivel de AF y tiempo sedentario con el cuestionario Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Los niveles de AF según el fenotipo de fragilidad se determinaron con análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados y conclusiones: las personas mayores con fragilidad realizan menos AF total (ß = -292,6 min/día [IC 95 %: 399,5; -185,7], p = 0,001), laboral (ß = -5821,8 min/día [IC 95 %: 8680,8; -2962,8], p = 0,001), de transporte (ß = -68,0 min/día [IC 95 %: -105,4; -30,62], p = 0,001). También se observó menor cantidad de AF moderada (ß = -137,7 min/día [IC 95 %: -202,0; -73,5], p = 0,001); vigorosa (ß = -43,4 min/día [IC 95 %: -81,6; -5,20], p = 0,026) y mayor tiempo sedente (ß = 3,55 hora/día [IC 95 %: -1,97; 5,14 ], p = 0,001). Las personas mayores frágiles presentan niveles más bajos de AF en comparación con sus pares sin fragilidad. Considerando que la población chilena experimentará un aumento en el número de personas mayores, es imprescindible implementar medidas preventivas que permitan retrasar la aparición de la fragilidad, como fomentar la práctica de AF en todos sus niveles.

Estimated Oxygen Consumption with the Abbreviated Method and Its Association with Vaccination and PCR Tests for COVID-19 from Socio-Demographic, Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Morbidity Outcomes in Chilean Adults.

COVID-19 causes cardiovascular and lung problems that can be aggravated by confinement, but the practice of physical activity (PA) could lessen these effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) with vaccination and PCR tests in apparently healthy Chilean adults. An observational and cross-sectional study was performed, in which 557 people from south-central Chile participated, who answered an online questionnaire on the control of COVID-19, demographic data, lifestyles, and diagnosis of non-communicable diseases. V˙O2max was estimated with an abbreviated method. With respect to the unvaccinated, those who received the first (OR:0.52 [CI:0.29;0.95], p = 0.019) and second vaccine (OR:0.33 [CI:0.18;0.59], p = 0.0001) were less likely to have an increased V˙O2max. The first vaccine was inversely associated with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min) (ß:−1.68 [CI:−3.06; −0.3], p = 0.017), adjusted for BMI (ß:−1.37 [CI:−2.71; −0.03], p = 0.044) and by demographic variables (ß:−1.82 [CI:−3.18; −0.46], p = 0.009); similarly occur for the second vaccine (ß: between −2.54 and −3.44, p < 0.001) on models with and without adjustment. Having taken a PCR test was not significantly associated with V˙O2max (mL/kg/min). It is concluded that vaccination significantly decreased V˙O2max, although it did not indicate cause and effect. There is little evidence of this interaction, although the results suggest an association, since V˙ O2max could prevent and attenuate the contagion symptoms and effects.

Association between Different Modes of Travelling and Adiposity in Chilean Population: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: Active travel has been suggested as a feasible way of increasing physical activity levels. Although international studies have demonstrated its effect over different health outcomes and adiposity, there is still limited evidence on this topic in developing countries, such as Chile. AIM: To investigate the associations between different types of travelling and markers of obesity in the Chilean adult population. METHODS: 5411 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017 (CNHS) were included in this study. Active travel was assessed using a questionnaire. Car commuters, public transport (PT), walking and cycling were the four forms of travelling assessed. Bodyweight, body mass index and waist circumference were used as markers of adiposity. RESULTS: Compared to car travellers, body weight, WC and BMI levels were lower for PT walking and cycling travellers. The odds for obesity (Odds ratio (OR): 0.41 (95% CI: 0.28; 0.61 p ≤ 0.001) were lower for walking and the odds (OR: 0.56 (95%CI: 0.35; 0.89 p = 0.014) for central obesity were significantly lower for cyclist in comparison to car travellers. Additionally, participation in any form of active travel (walking or cycling) was low, with only 20.9% of the population reporting being active travellers. CONCLUSION: Active travel, such as walking and cycling, was associated with lower adiposity levels in the Chilean adult population. Promoting active travel could be a feasible strategy to tackle the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in the Chilean population.

Association between Walking Pace and Diabetes: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017.

BACKGROUND: Walking pace is a well-known indicator of physical capability, but it is also a strong predictor of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is a lack of evidence on the association between walking pace and T2D, specifically, within developing countries such as Chile. AIM: To investigate the association between self-reported walking pace and T2D in the Chilean adult population. METHODS: 5520 Chilean participants (aged 15 to 90 years, 52.1% women) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017 were included in this cross-sectional study. Both walking pace (slow, average, and brisk) and diabetes data were collected through self-reported methods. Fasting blood glucose (reported in mg/dl) and glycosylated haemoglobin A (HbA1c) scores were determined via blood exams. RESULTS: In the unadjusted model, and compared to people who reported a slow walking pace, those with average and brisk walking pace had lower blood glucose levels (ß = -7.74 mg/dL (95% CI: -11.08 to -4.40) and ß = -11.05 mg/dL (95% CI: -14.36 to -7.75), respectively) and lower HbA1c (ß = -0.34% (95% CI: -0.57 to -0.11) and ß= -0.72% (95% CI: -0.94 to -0.49)), respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic, Body Mass Index and lifestyle factors, the association between glycaemia and HbA1c remained only for brisk walkers. Both the average and brisk walker categories had lower odds of T2D (OR: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.84) and (OR 0.48 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.79), respectively). CONCLUSION: Brisk walkers were associated with lower blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Moreover, average to brisk walking pace also showed a lower risk for T2D.

Análisis de la coordinación motora por índice de masa corporal y sexo en escolares de Chile / Analysis of motor coordination by body mass index and sex in Chilean schoolchildren / Análise da coordenação motora por indice de massa corporal corporal e sexo em escolares chilenos

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la Coordinación Motora (CM) con el Índice de Masa Corporal en escolares chilenos de entre 7 y 9 años. El estudio fue observacional de corte transversal, con características descriptivas y correlacionales. Se evaluaron a 180 escolares (90 mujeres de 8.4 ± 0.9 años y 90 hombres de 8.5± 0.9 años). Se midieron variables antropométricas de peso y talla. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). La coordinación motora (CM) se evaluó utilizando la batería de Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). Los resultados mostraron que en las mujeres el grupo Normopeso tenía un mejor desempeño en la transposición lateral que los grupos Sobrepeso y Obesidad (p˂0.05). En los hombres, el grupo Normopeso superó al grupo Obesidad en los saltos monopedales (p˂0.05). Además, al analizar las diferencias entre sexos, se determinó que las mujeres registraron mayor puntaje que los hombres en el equilibrio a la retaguardia (p<0.05), por su parte, los hombres registraron mejores rendimientos en saltos laterales, transposición lateral y el puntaje total del KTK (p<0.05). Se concluye que existe menor índice de CM en los escolares con elevado IMC, y que existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres en el equilibrio, saltos laterales, transposición lateral y el puntaje total del test KTK.

The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between motor coordination (CM) and Body Mass Index in Chilean schoolchildren between 7 and 9 years of age. The study was observational cross-sectional, correlational and descriptive study. 180 students of both sexes were evaluated (90 women aged 8.4 ± 0.9 years and 90 men aged 8.5 ± 0.9 years). Anthropometric weight and height variables were measured and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The CM was evaluated using the battery of Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). The results showed that in the lateral transposition, the normal weight group outperforms the overweight and Obesity group (p˂0.05) for women. For men, in monopedal jumps, the normal weight group also outperformed the obesity group (p˂0.05). In addition, when analyzing the differences between the sexes, it was noted that women had a higher score than men in the rear balance (p˂0.05). On the other hand, men had performed better in lateral jumps, lateral transposition and the total KTK score (p˂0.05). In conclusion, the study found that there was a lower CM index in schoolchildren with a high BMI, and that there were significant differences between men and women in terms of balance, lateral jumps, lateral transposition, and the total score of the KTK test.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a coordenação motora (CM) com o Índice de Massa Corporal corporal em escolares chilenos entre 7 e 9 anos de idade. O estudo foi observacional transversal, com características descritivas e correlacionais. Foram avaliados 180 escolares de ambos os sexos (90 mulheres com idade de 8,4 ± 0,9 anos e 90 homens com idade de 8,5 ± 0,9 anos). Variáveis antropométricas de peso e altura foram medidas. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi calculado. Além disso, a coordenação motora (MC) foi avaliada por meio da bateria Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). Os resultados mostraram que, para mulheres em transposição lateral, o grupo Peso Normal supera o grupo Sobrepeso e Obeso (p˂0,05). Para os homens, nos saltos monopedais o grupo Peso Normal supera o grupo Obesidade (p˂0,05). Além disso, ao analisar as diferenças entre os sexos, percebe-se que as mulheres apresentam pontuação maiores que os homens no equilíbrio de retaguarda (p<0,05), enquanto os homens apresentam melhor desempenho nos saltos laterais, transposição lateral e pontuação total KTK (p< 0,05). Conclui-se que há menor índice de CM em alunos com IMC elevado, e que existem diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres para equilíbrio, saltos laterais, transposição lateral e pontuação total do teste KTK.

Aproximación a la calidad percibida de un servicio deportivo universitario. Un estudio de caso

La población joven y adulta de Chile presenta altos niveles de inactividad física y sedentarismo, lo que coincide con los rangos etarios de los estudiantes universitarios. En este sentido, es escasa la evidencia científica que ha estudiado la calidad de los servicios deportivos que entregan las instituciones de educación superior, tanto a nivel latinoamericano, como chileno. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad del servicio de la Unidad de Deportes y Recreación de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción de Chile, mediante la percepción que manifiestan los estudiantes que asisten a los talleres deportivos y de actividad física. Se aplicó el cuestionario SERVPERF que mide cinco dimensiones: elementos tangibles, fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad y empatía, según el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo descriptivo. La muestra fue de 70 participantes (55 mujeres y 15 hombres). En general, los resultados mostraron una buena percepción y evaluación de todas las dimensiones del cuestionario. La dimensión seguridad fue la mejor valorada y la dimensión Elementos tangibles fue la que mostró una más baja evaluación.

A população jovem e adulta do Chile apresenta altos níveis de inatividade física e estilos de vida sedentários, o que coincide com as faixas etárias dos estudantes universitários. Nesse sentido, há poucas evidências científicas que tenham estudado a qualidade dos serviços esportivos prestados pelas instituições de ensino superior, tanto na América Latina quanto no Chile. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade do serviço prestado pela Unidade de Esportes e Recreação da Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, no Chile, por meio da percepção dos alunos que participam das oficinas de esportes e atividades físicas. Foi aplicado o questionário SERVPERF, que mede cinco dimensões: elementos tangíveis, confiabilidade, capacidade de resposta, segurança e empatia, de acordo com o grau de satisfação do usuário. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. A amostra foi composta por 70 participantes (55 mulheres e 15 homens). Em geral, os resultados mostraram uma boa percepção e avaliação de todas as dimensões do questionário. A dimensão Segurança foi a mais bem avaliada e a dimensão Elementos tangíveis apresentou a avaliação mais baixa.

The young and adult population of Chile presents high levels of physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle, which coincides with the age ranges of university students. In this sense, there is little scientific evidence that has studied the quality of sports services provided by higher education institutions, both at the Latin American and Chilean levels. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of the service of the Sports and Recreation Unit of the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción de Chile, through the perception expressed by students who attend sports and physical activity workshops. The SERVPERF questionnaire was applied, which measures five dimensions: tangible elements, reliability, response capacity, security and empathy, according to the degree of user satisfaction. The research had a quantitative and descriptive approach. The sample consisted of 70 participants (55 women and 15 men). In general, the results showed a good perception and evaluation of all the dimensions of the questionnaire. The security dimension was the best valued and the tangible elements dimension was the one that showed the lowest evaluation.

Asociación entre velocidad de marcha y deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017

Antecedentes: La velocidad de la marcha podría considerarse un marcador temprano de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre velocidad de la marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en población mayor chilena. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1788 personas mayores de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017 que tenían información sobre velocidad de marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. La velocidad de la marcha fue autorreportada y categorizada como marca lenta, normal y rápida. Sospecha de deterioro cognitivo fue evaluado a través del cuestionario Mini Mental abreviado. La asociación entre marcha y deterioro cognitivo fue investigada mediante análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: En comparación a las personas mayores que reportaron una velocidad de marcha rápida, aquellas que reportaron una marcha lenta presentaron 2,67 veces mayor probabilidad de tener deterioro cognitivo (OR: 2,67 [95% IC:1,62; 4,42], p<0,001). Al ajustar los modelos por variables de confusión sociodemográficas, estilos de vida y salud, la asociación disminuyó, pero, permaneció significativa (OR: 1,78 [95% IC:1,15; 3,17], p=0,047). Mientras que las personas mayores que reportaron tener una velocidad de marcha normal no presentaron asociación con deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: Personas mayores que reportan una velocidad de marcha lenta presentaron una mayor probabilidad de sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Considerando que el deterioro cognitivo es un síndrome geriátrico con alta prevalencia en población mayor, existe la necesidad de enfatizar en estrategias para un diagnóstico temprano, por lo cual la velocidad de marcha podría ser un instrumento útil.

Background: Walking pace could be considered an early risk marker of cognitive impairment in older people. Objective: To determine the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. Methods: 1,788 adults older than 60 years from the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey with data available in the exposure and outcome were included in this cross-sectional study. Walking pace was self-reported and categorised as slow, average and brisk. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Abbreviated Mini-Mental questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment, logistic regression analyses - adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related covariates. Results: In the minimally adjusted model and compared to older adults who self-reported a brisk walking pace, those in the slow walking pace category were 2.67 times more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR: 2.67 [95% CI: 1.62, 4.42]). When the analyses were adjusted, the association was attenuated but remained significant (OR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.15 3.17]). No associations were found between average pace walkers and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Older adults who self-reported a slow walking pace having a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment than their counterparts who had a brisk walking pace. Considering that cognitive impairment is a geriatric syndrome with a high prevalence in the elderly, there is a need to emphasise strategies for an early diagnosis. Therefore, walking pace may be a useful marker to identify individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.