Experience of the Arbovirus Death Investigation Committee in Ceará, Brazil, in 2017: advances and challenges. / Experiência do Comitê de Investigação de Óbitos por Arboviroses no Ceará em 2017: avanços e desafios.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the experience and preliminary results of the Arbovirus Death Investigation Committee in Ceará, Brazil, in 2017. METHODS: the Committee investigates and discusses all suspected cases of arbovirus deaths reported by the epidemiological surveillance service. RESULTS: a total of 443 suspected arbovirus deaths were reported, 220 (49.7%) of which were confirmed; of these, 88.2% were from chikungunya and 11.8% from dengue; the median age of chikungunya deaths was higher when compared to dengue (77 versus 56 years) and the time until death was also longer when compared to dengue (38 versus 12 days); median time for case closure was 54.5 days; in 2017, Ceará confirmed 80.4% of Brazilian chikungunya deaths. CONCLUSION: the investigation of deaths showed that CHIK viruses were responsible for the majority of arboviral deaths in the state of Ceará, in 2017.

Caracterização da resistência transmitida e variabilidade genética do HIV-1 em pacientes recém-diagnosticados no centro de testagem e aconselhamento de Fortaleza

A terapia antirretroviraltemporobjetivodiminuiramorbidadeemortalidadedaspessoascomHIV/AIDS,melhorandoaqualidadeeaexpectativadevida. Paradoxalmente, o tratamento irregular pode favorecer a seleçãode variantes resistentes, representandouma das principais causas de falha terapêutica. Tais cepas resistentes podem ser transmitidas a outros indivíduos(resistência transmitida), predispondo àfalha precoce do tratamento inaugural. Ostestesderesistência,principalmenteagenotipagem,permitemadetecçãodemutaçõesdogenomaviral.OobjetivodesteestudofoicaracterizarasmutaçõesderesistênciatransmitidadoHIV-1aosantirretroviraisempacientesrecém-diagnosticadosnoCentro de Testagem e Aconselhamento (CTA) de Fortaleza.Duranteoperíododeoutubrode2013asetembrode2014,foramrecrutadospacientescomtestereagente para oHIVrealizadono CTA. Foram colhidas amostras para realizaçãode quantificação da cargaviral(AbbottRealTime),contagemdelinfócitos CD4+(FACSCaliburBD)egenotipagemHIV-1(TruGeneSiemens).As sequências genéticasforam alinhadas pelo programa MEGA eBioEdit. Ossubtipos do vírus HIV-1 foram determinados e identificados empregando análises no banco de dados do REGA HIV Subtyping Tool. A análisedas mutações de resistência aos antirretrovirais foi realizada utilizando o algoritmo da Universidade de Stanford(HIVdbProgram)e as mutaçõesderesistênciatransmitidaforamidentificadasempregandoaCalibraçãodeResistênciaPopulacional.Foram obtidas amostras biológicas de 108 pacientes, sendo que em 105delas foi possível realizar a reação de sequenciamentoea avaliação quantoàpresençademutaçõesderesistênciaassociadasaos antirretrovirais...

Antiretroviral therapy aims to reduce morbidity and mortality of people with HIV / AIDS, improving the quality and life expectancy. Paradoxically, the irregular treatment may favor the selection of resistant variants, representing a major cause of treatment failure. Such resistant strains can be transmitted to other individuals (transmitted resistance) predisposing to early failure of the inaugural treatment. Resistance tests, particularly genotyping, allow mutation detection in the viral genome. Theaim of this study was to characterize the transmitted resistance HIV-1 mutations to antiretroviral drugs in newly diagnosed patients in the Counseling and Testing Center (CTC) in Fortaleza. During the period October 2013 to September 2014, patients with reagent test for HIV were recruited at CTC. Samples for viral load quantitation (Abbott RealTime), CD4 lymphocytes count (BD FACSCalibur) and HIV-1 genotyping (TRUGENE Siemens), were collected. Genetic sequences were aligned by MEGA and BioEdit program. Thesubtypes of HIV-1 were determined and identified using analysis in REGA HIV subtyping Tool database. The analysis of the antiretroviral resistance mutation was performed using the algorithm of Stanford University (HIVdb Program) and transmitted mutation resistance was identified using the CalibratedPopulationResistance (CPR). Biological samples were obtained from 108 patients, among which in 105 was possible to perform the sequencing reaction and evaluation for the presence of mutations to conferantiretroviral drugresistance...