Skills Required in the Care of Cancer Patients Who Undergo Surgery in the Hospital-Home Transition.

It is essential to recognize what care is required by patients undergoing surgery in the transition from hospital to home to provide guidance for plans for release and follow-up and to achieve patient adherence to these plans. The objective of this study is to describe the skills required for the care of cancer patients who undergo surgery after hospital discharge. An exploratory-type descriptive approach was adopted, including 290 cancer patients who underwent surgery at a reference center in Bogotá, Colombia. Hospital discharge was followed by 4 weeks of telephone follow-up to investigate the skills required for care on the basis of the CUIDAR tool. The participants had a mean age of 59.3 years, with the majority being female and having low levels of education. The most prevalent type of cancer found was breast cancer, followed by colon and rectal, prostate, stomach, cervical, lung, and ovarian cancer. The first follow-up identified needs for care in most of the CUIDAR dimensions, predominantly instrumentation, knowledge, and anticipation. The fourth follow-up, which found reduced needs, focused on knowledge of diet and eating, physical activity, the management of sadness and anxiety, a permanent telephone hotline, and sharing with loved ones. Cancer patients who underwent surgery require skills for at-home care that need to be addressed in hospital discharge programs and with structured telephone follow-up. Telephone follow-up interventions need to be consolidated in hospital release or hospital discharge programs that address these care needs.

N-MYC impairs innate immune signaling in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is a challenging disease, especially for patients with immunologically "cold" tumors devoid of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We found that HGSC exhibits among the highest levels of MYCN expression and transcriptional signature across human cancers, which is strongly linked to diminished features of antitumor immunity. N-MYC repressed basal and induced IFN type I signaling in HGSC cell lines, leading to decreased chemokine expression and T cell chemoattraction. N-MYC inhibited the induction of IFN type I by suppressing tumor cell-intrinsic STING signaling via reduced STING oligomerization, and by blunting RIG-I-like receptor signaling through inhibition of MAVS aggregation and localization in the mitochondria. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human clinical HGSC samples revealed a strong negative association between cancer cell-intrinsic MYCN transcriptional program and type I IFN signaling. Thus, N-MYC inhibits tumor cell-intrinsic innate immune signaling in HGSC, making it a compelling target for immunotherapy of cold tumors.

Physical behavior of KR-12 peptide on solid surfaces and Langmuir-Blodgett lipid films: Complementary approaches to its antimicrobial mode against S. aureus.

Biophysical characterization of antimicrobial peptides helps to understand the mechanistic aspects of their action. The physical behavior of the KR-12 antimicrobial peptide (e.g. orientation and changes in secondary structure), was analyzed after interactions with a Staphylococcus aureus membrane model and solid surfaces. We performed antimicrobial tests using Gram-positive S. aureus (ATCC 25923) bacteria. Moreover, Langmuir-Blodgett experiments showed that the synthetic peptide can disturb the lipidic membrane at a concentration lower than the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, thus confirming that KR-12/lipid interactions are involved. Partially- and fully-deactivated KR-12 hybrid samples were obtained by physisorption and covalent immobilization in chitosan/silica and glyoxal-rich solid supports. The correlation of Langmuir-Blodgett data with the α-helix formation, followed by FTIR-ATR in a frozen-like state, and the antimicrobial activity showed the importance of these interactions and conformation changes on the first step action mode of this peptide. This is the first time that material science (immobilization in solid surfaces assisted by FTIR-ATR analysis in frozen-like state) and physical (Langmuir-Blodgett/Schaefer) approaches are combined for exploring mechanistic aspects of the primary action mode of the KR-12 antimicrobial peptide against S. aureus.

Experiences and Perceptions in Dyads about Ostomy Care. Meta-synthesis of Qualitative Studies.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the experiences and perceptions of care dyads (person and caregiver) when having a permanent discharge ostomy. METHODS: Meta-synthesis that followed the ENTREQ standards and was registered in PROSPERO CRD42020221755; It was developed in three phases: (i). Search for studies in academic search engines, with MeSH terms: [(Patients) AND (Ostomy)) AND (Caregivers)], including qualitative primary studies published between 2000 and 2020; (ii). Assessment of the methodological quality with the CORE-Q instrument and the credibility of qualitative findings under the guidelines of the Johanna Briggs Institute; and (iii). Comparative analysis according to the guidelines by Sandelowski and Barroso. RESULTS: The work identified 664 studies; in screening, 35 passed to full-text analysis; 22 to methodological quality evaluation; and 10 to meta-synthesis. The study found 43 qualitative findings that constituted four categories: dyads perform instrumental and emotional care; ambivalent family caregiving feelings and actions; assertive and effective family care; and rejection of bodily changes and sexual dysfunction. These categories constitute the central meta-theme: "The dyads experience a life rupture, which is restored in a sea of ambivalent emotions and learning; at the same time, affective, instrumental and assertive care is constructed". CONCLUSIONS: People who experience having a permanent discharge ostomy express their rejection to the change in bodily image, alterations in sexual life and as a couple. Caregivers and families are the main source of support by being facilitators in self-care, through relationships of mutuality and reciprocity.

Epidemiological behavior of suicide attempt in Colombian adolescents years 2016-2019: An ecological study.

OBJECTIVE: characterize the behavior of attempted suicide in adolescents in Colombia, and its associated epidemiological factors from 2016 to 2019. METHOD: quantitative, observational, descriptive, and ecological study. The sample was extracted from the database of the Integrated Social Protection Information System, by identifying cases of attempted suicide for ages in the range from 12 to 17 years old, calculated for a prevalence estimate based on a total population of 32,076. Univariate and bivariate analysis of the variables of interest was performed. RESULTS: suicide attempts occurred more frequently in females (n: 24,619; 76.7%), of subsidized regime (n: 17,960; 56%); and being in psychiatric centers is the most frequent vulnerability condition (n: 676; 2.11%). Living in the capital city is a risk factor for attempted suicide (OR: 1.423; 95% CI: 1.385 to 1.462), while being male is a protective factor (OR: 0.290; 95% CI: 0.283 a 0.298). CONCLUSION: suicide attempts are a subject of interest in Public Health due to their prevalence and impact on the family and social environment. The Nursing professional is competent in the identification, treatment, and prevention of this phenomenon. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Know the epidemiological behavior of suicide attempt in adolescents.(2) Reflect on nursing care in the approach to suicide attempts.(3) Identify the conditions of vulnerability related to suicide attempts.(4) The methodological design allows reviewing the problem at national level.

Silica/Protein and Silica/Polysaccharide Interactions and Their Contributions to the Functional Properties of Derived Hybrid Wound Dressing Hydrogels.

Multifunctional and biocompatible hydrogels are on the focus of wound healing treatments. Protein and polysaccharides silica hybrids are interesting wound dressing alternatives. The objective of this review is to answer questions such as why silica for wound dressings reinforcement? What are the roles and contributions of silane precursors and silica on the functional properties of hydrogel wound dressings? The effects of tailoring the porous, morphological, and chemical characteristics of synthetic silicas on the bioactivity of hybrid wound dressings hydrogels are explored in the first part of the review. This is followed by a commented review of the mechanisms of silica/protein and silica/polysaccharide interactions and their impact on the barrier, scaffold, and delivery matrix functions of the derived hydrogels. Such information has important consequences for wound healing and paves the way to multidisciplinary researches on the production, processing, and biomedical application of this kind of hybrid materials.

Improving Fibrin Hydrogels' Mechanical Properties, through Addition of Silica or Chitosan-Silica Materials, for Potential Application as Wound Dressings.

Fibrin is a protein-based hydrogel formed during blood coagulation. It can also be produced in vitro from human blood plasma, and it is capable of resisting high deformations. However, after each deformation process, it loses high amounts of water, which subsequently makes it mechanically unstable and, finally, difficult to manipulate. The objective of this work was to overcome the in vitro fibrin mechanical instability. The strategy consists of adding silica or chitosan-silica materials and comparing how the different materials electrokinetic-surface properties affect the achieved improvement. The siliceous materials electrostatic and steric stabilization mechanisms, together with plasma protein adsorption on their surfaces, were corroborated by DLS and ζ-potential measurements before fibrin gelling. These properties avoid phase separation, favoring homogeneous incorporation of the solid into the forming fibrin network. Young's modulus of modified fibrin hydrogels was evaluated by AFM to quantitatively measure stiffness. It increased 2.5 times with the addition of 4 mg/mL silica. A similar improvement was achieved with only 0.7 mg/mL chitosan-silica, which highlighted the contribution of hydrophilic chitosan chains to fibrinogen crosslinking. Moreover, these chains avoided the fibroblast growth inhibition onto modified fibrin hydrogels 3D culture observed with silica. In conclusion, 0.7 mg/mL chitosan-silica improved the mechanical stability of fibrin hydrogels with low risks of cytotoxicity. This easy-to-manipulate modified fibrin hydrogel makes it suitable as a wound dressing biomaterial.

Thermal Hyperactivation and Stabilization of ß-Galactosidase from Bacillus circulans through a Silica Sol-Gel Process Mediated by Chitosan-Metal Chelates.

The research of simple and fast enzyme immobilization methods, preserving the enzyme activity and improving the thermal stability, is in the spotlight. The objective of this work is to develop a ß-galactosidase immobilization one-pot route, combining the silica sol-gel encapsulation (SSGE) process with a metal chelation strategy by using chitosan and Ca2+, Zn2+, or Cu2+ cations. The results show that the presence of cations does not affect the encapsulation efficiency (81%) and has positive effects on the maximum catalytic potential, especially at 60 °C and in the presence of Ca2+ ions (MPC = 2203). They enhance the biocatalyst thermal stability and promote hyperactivation with respect to the soluble enzyme at 60 °C (1.6 times higher MPC). The biocatalyst prepared with Zn2+ ions exhibits also thermal hyperactivation in the first 30 min of heating (1.3 times more residual activity), but the enzyme is not stabilized (0.9 times lower MPC); also, the presence of Cu2+ ions does not promote hyperactivation or stabilization of the enzyme (0.3 times lower MPC) at this high temperature. These facts are reflected in the hydrolytic and transgalactosylation activities of the enzyme (33.6-57.4% total lactose conversion), higher than that reported with analogue biocatalysts. The physicochemical characterization of the obtained solid biocatalysts by SEM, TEM, XRF, and XPS indicates that chitosan-metal chelation has an important role in the encapsulation process and that a low metal degree incorporation (8.85 ppm of Ca2+) on the solid biocatalyst favors the thermal hyperactivation and stabilization of the evaluated ß-galactosidase. This work contributes to the understanding of the SSGE process mediated by chitosan-metal chelates, which is a simple and fast one-pot immobilization strategy.

Educational intervention (CUIDAR) in cancer patients treated with surgery: A quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of an educational intervention (CUIDAR) in cancer patients during the post-operatory, aimed to strength the competence to care patients at home in the dimensions knowledge, instrumental unicity, enjoy, anticipation and social relationships and interactions. METHODS: Quantitative quasi-experimental design with control and intervention groups, 192 patients who received surgery in the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Bogotá, Colombia. The intervention was conducted since the admission to the sixth week after release. Measurements of the home care competence and number of readmissions were made before and after the treatment. RESULTS: In the intervention group a positive and statistically significant effect was observed in six dimensions, as well as the reduction of hospital readmissions. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention CUIDAR is a feasible strategy that increases the capacity to care at home and significantly reduces the readmissions to emergency services in cancer patients treated with surgery. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Educational intervention (CUIDAR) may be used as a tool in cancer patients treated with surgery.

How the Triton X-100 modulates the activity/stability of the Thermomyces lanuginose lipase: Insights from experimental and molecular docking approaches.

The lipase and Triton X-100 mixture is common for stabilization, immobilization and application processes of these kinds of enzymes. The objective of this article was to study the structural behavior and catalytic performance of Thermomyces lanuginose lipase in the presence of Triton X-100 at 25 °C and different pHs. The structural changes were followed by circular dichroism, correlating them with the catalytic performance, which is reported as the initial lipase activity in the hydrolysis of p­nitro phenyl butyrate at zero time and residual activity after 48 h of incubation in the absence or presence of surfactant, at the selected pHs. Computational simulations allowed to explain the correlations between the physicochemical changes and the formation of surfactant protein complex, leading to the elucidation of the main interactions that drive activity and stability of this lipase in presence of the Triton X-100 surfactant. Main results showed the Triton X-100-enzyme complex modulates the site active geometry, favoring a better substrate-enzyme adjustment, which influences the activity and stability at evaluated pHs. This study contributes to understand the effect of some additives commonly used to improve the biocatalytic performance on several applications for different industrial fields.

Conocimientos de los cuidadores informales acerca de la prevención de lesiones por presión en pacientes domiciliarios dependientes de Tunja, Colombia. Estudio transversal con fase psicométrica / Informal caregivers' knowledge about the prevention of pressure injuries in dependent homebound patients. Cross-sectional study with a psychometric phase / Conhecimento de cuidadores informais sobre a prevenção de lesões por pressão em pacientes dependentes domiciliares em Tunja, Colômbia. Estudo transversal com fase psicométrica

Introducción: Las lesiones de piel asociadas a la dependencia de cuidado, afectan la calidad de vida de los pacientes y tienen repercusiones negativas en los cuidadores informales. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos de los cuidadores informales acerca de la prevención de lesiones por presión en pacientes domiciliarios dependientes de Tunja, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y con fase psicométrica. La validación facial por juicio de expertos del COCU-LCRD 23 valoró la coherencia, relevancia y pertinencia de cada ítem. La aplicación del instrumento se hizo en muestra censal domiciliaria, tras la cual se calculó su confiabilidad. Resultados: La validación facial obtuvo concordancia moderada requiriendo mejoras en redacción de los ítems Kappa de Fleiss: 0,4582 (p=0,000). De los 30 cuidadores, la mayoría eran mujeres (83,3%) con edad promedio de 40 años (DS ±13,39), el 43,3% tienen un índice de conocimiento de 83,33, que incluye aspectos como hidratación, cambios de posición, entre otros. La versión ajustada del cuestionario obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,6322. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores informales presentan grados de escolaridad bajos, además de desconocimiento y poca experiencia en campo del cuidado preventivo en personas dependiente con riesgo de úlceras por presión.

Introduction: Skin lesions associated with home care affect patient quality of life and have negative effects on informal caregivers. Objective: To determine informal caregivers' knowledge regarding the prevention of pressure injuries in dependent homebound patients in Tunja, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with a psychometric phase. Experts from the COCU-LCRD 23 performed facial validation, which assessed coherence, relevance, and pertinence of each item. The application of the instrument was carried out on population samples based on household census, after which its reliability was calculated. Results: Facial validation showed moderate concordance, requiring improvements in the wording of the Kappa de Fleiss items: 0.4582 (p=0.000). Most of caregivers were women (83.3%), with an average age of 40 years (SD±13.39) and 43.3% of them have a knowledge index of 83.33, which includes aspects such as hydration, position changes, among others. The adjusted version of the questionnaire reached a Cronbach's alpha of 0.6322. Conclusions: Informal caregivers have low education levels. Also, they are not knowledgeable and have limited experience regarding preventive care of dependent people at risk of pressure ulcers.

Introdução: As lesões de pele associadas à dependência de cuidados afetam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e repercutem negativamente nos cuidadores informais. Objetivo: Determinar o conhecimento dos cuidadores informais sobre a prevenção de lesões por pressão em pacientes dependentes domiciliares em Tunja, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo com fase psicométrica. A validação facial por julgamento de especialistas do COCU-LCRD 23 avaliou a coerência, relevância e pertinência de cada item. O instrumento foi aplicado a uma amostra de censo domiciliar, após o que foi calculada sua confiabilidade. Resultados: A validação facial obteve concordância moderada, necessitando de melhorias na redação dos itens - Kappa de Fleiss: 0,4582 (p=0,000). Dos 30 cuidadores, a maioria eram mulheres (83,3%) com média de idade de 40 anos (DS±13,39), 43,3% possuem índice de conhecimento de 83,33, que inclui aspectos como hidratação, mudanças de decúbito, entre outros. A versão ajustada do questionário obteve alfa de Cronbach de 0,6322. Conclusões: Os cuidadores informais apresentam baixa escolaridade, além de desconhecimento e pouca experiência na área de cuidados preventivos em pessoas dependentes com risco de úlcera por pressão.

Percepción de autoeficacia de estudiantes de enfermería previo al inicio de prácticas clínicas / Perception of Self-Efficacy of Nursing Students Prior to the Start of Clinical Practices / Percepção de autoeficácia de estudantes de enfermagem antes do início da prática clínica

Introducción: la autoeficacia es una competencia personal para los estudiantes de enfermería, pues esta es la que permite el afrontamiento de las situaciones estresantes propias de su proceso de formación. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir la percepción de autoeficacia de los estudiantes de enfermería previo inicio de prácticas clínicas desde su experiencia. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa de tipo fenomenológico. Recolección de datos por medio de grupos focales, entrevistas, observación no participante y notas de campo. Resultados: los estudiantes perciben que su autoeficacia está influenciada por la autonomía que ellos tienen para comunicar sus pensamientos con otras personas, para hacer y elegir, por sus conexiones sociales con familia, pares y docentes, y por su autopercepción de competencias académicas, clínicas y su autoestima. Conclusión: espacios académicos que fomentan la retroalimentación positiva, la conexión social, la autoestima y la percepción de competencia, requieren ser introducidos en los currículos de enfermería previo inicio de las prácticas clínicas, pues esto fortalece la autoeficacia académica

Introduction: Self-efficacy is an important capability of nursing students that allows them to navigate stressful situations typical of their training process; thus, this study's objective is to describe the perception of the self-efficacy of nursing students based on their experience prior to the start of clinical practices. Materials and methods: Phenomenological qualitative research. Data collection with focus groups, interviews, non-participant observation, and field notes. Results: Students perceived that their self-efficacy is influenced by their autonomy to communicate their thoughts to others, decide and choose, their social connections with family, peers, and teachers, and their self-perception of academic, clinical, and self-esteem. Conclusion: Academic spaces that promote positive feedback, social connection, self-esteem, and, thus, the perception of competence, should be introduced into nursing curricula prior to the start of clinical practices, strengthening academic self-efficacy

Introdução: a autoeficácia é uma competência pessoal do estudante de enfermagem, pois é ela que o capacita a enfrentar situações estressantes típicas de seu processo de formação; assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever a percepção de autoeficácia de estudantes de enfermagem antes do início da prática clínica a partir de sua experiência. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo fenomenológica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de grupos focais, entrevistas, observação não participante e notas de campo. Resultados: os alunos percebem que sua autoeficácia é influenciada pela autonomia que eles têm para comunicar seus pensamentos com outras pessoas, para fazer e escolher, por suas conexões sociais com a família, colegas e professores, e por sua autopercepção de desempenho acadêmico, desempenho clínico e sua autoestima. Conclusão: espaços acadêmicos que promovam feedback positivo, conexão social, autoestima e percepção de competência precisam ser introduzidos nos currículos de enfermagem antes do início das práticas clínicas, o que fortalece a autoeficácia acadêmica

Comunicación terapéutica y terapia narrativa: aplicaciones en el cuidado de enfermería / Therapeutic communication and narrative therapy: applications in nursing care / Comunicação terapêutica e terapia narrativa: aplicações no cuidado de enfermagem

Introducción: La comunicación terapéutica y la terapia narrativa permiten establecer una relación empática con la persona a quien se brinda cuidado, además de atender las necesidades en salud y mejorar su calidad de vida. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura, utilizando bases de datos como Scielo, Pubmed, Proquest, Lilacs, Redalyc y Google Scholar, mediante la búsqueda de las palabras clave "patient care" and "narrative therapy" and "attention" and "nurse-patient relations". Se seleccionaron 50 artículos correspondientes a los últimos 15 años y se realizó análisis y síntesis crítica. Resultados: Las características de la comunicación terapéutica son la escucha activa, compresión, empatía, observación y humanización, al considerar las emociones y experiencias de la persona; su aplicación en el cuidado de Enfermería permite identificar los roles entre la persona y el enfermero. La terapia narrativa comprende la comunicación verbal y no verbal, lo cual facilita la relación entre la persona y el enfermero. La teoría interpersonal de Hildegard Peplau potencializa estas aplicaciones al enfocarse en las relaciones interpersonales terapéuticas. Conclusiones: Las aplicaciones de la comunicación terapéutica y terapia narrativa en el cuidado por enfermería comprenden la orientación, identificación, aprovechamiento y resolución para un abordaje holístico del individuo y su familia.

Introduction: Therapeutic communication and narrative therapy allow establishing an em-pathic relationship with the person to whom care is provided, in addition to meeting health needs and improving their quality of life. Methodology: A narrative review of the litera-ture was carried out, using databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, Proquest, Lilacs, Redalyc and Google Scholar, by searching for the keywords "patient care" and "narrative therapy" and "attention" and "nurse-patient relations". Fifty articles corresponding to the last 15 years were selected and critical analysis and synthesis were performed. Results: The characteristics of therapeutic communication are active listening, understanding, empathy, observation and hu-manization, by considering the person's emotions and experiences; its application in nursing care allows identifying the roles between the person and the nurse. Narrative therapy involves verbal and nonverbal communication, which facilitates the relationship between the person and the nurse. Hildegard Peplau's interpersonal theory potentiates these applications by focus-ing on therapeutic interpersonal relationships. Conclusions: The applications of therapeutic communication and narrative therapy in nursing care comprise orientation, identification, utili-zation and resolution for a holistic approach to the individual and his or her family.

Introdução: A comunicação terapêutica e a terapia narrativa permitem estabelecer uma relação empática com a pessoa a quem se presta o cuidado, além de atender às necessidades de saúde e melhorar sua qualidade de vida. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura usando bancos de dados como Scielo, Pubmed, Proquest, Lilacs, Redalyc e Google Scholar, pesquisando as palavras-chave "patient care" e "narrative therapy" e "attention" e "nurse-patient relations". Foram selecionados 50 artigos dos últimos 15 anos e foram realizadas uma análise crítica e uma síntese. Resultados: As características da comunicação terapêutica são a escuta ativa, a compreensão, a empatia, a observação e a humanização, considerando as emoções e as experiências da pessoa; sua aplicação na assistência de enfermagem permite identificar os papéis entre a pessoa e o enfermeiro. A terapia narrativa envolve comunicação verbal e não verbal, o que facilita o relacionamento entre a pessoa e o enfermeiro. A teoria interpessoal de Hildegard Peplau potencializa essas aplicações ao se concentrar nas relações interpessoais terapêuticas. Conclusões: As aplicações da comunicação terapêutica e da terapia narrativa no cuidado de en-fermagem compreendem a orientação, a identificação, o aproveitamento e a resolução para uma abordagem holística do indivíduo e de sua família

Percepciones e implicaciones en personas con ostomías de eliminación. Revisión narrativa / Perceptions and implications in people with elimination ostomies. Narrative review / Percepções e implicações em pessoas com estomias de eliminação. Revisão narrativa

Introducción: Las personas que experimentan el tener una ostomía de eliminación como parte de un tratamiento clínico enfrentan cambios que impactan su calidad de vida, a nivel familiar, social, laboral y económico. Metodología: Revisión narrativa, que incluyó artículos de todos los diseños metodológicos en español, inglés y portugués, disponibles en las bases de datos Scopus, Ovid Nursing, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Sage, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Google Scholar y repositorios universitarios, con términos de búsqueda MeSH "Ostomy and Rural Population and caregivers", de los últimos 10 años. Estos artículos surtieron análisis teórico para la construcción de categorías temáticas afines. Resultados: Las categorías temáticas obtenidas son: 1) significado de tener una ostomía: destino, estigma, cambio; 2) afectaciones en la calidad de vida: cambios físicos y de roles; 3) estrategias de afrontamiento: intervenciones integrales; 4) impacto de las intervenciones educativas: en el preoperatorio y para el cuidado; 5) importancia del autocuidado: facilita la adaptación; y 6) rol de los cuidadores: asumen la carga de cuidado. Conclusiones: Las personas con ostomías, sus cuidadores y familias experimentan diferentes cambios en las dinámicas y roles de vida, por lo cual requieren soporte en salud con apoyo emocional, en habilidades cognitivas e instrumentales.

Introduction: People who experience having an elimination ostomy as part of a clinical treatment face changes that impact their quality of life, at a family, social, work and economic level. Methodology: Narrative review, which included articles of all methodological designs in Spanish, English and Portuguese, available in the Scopus, Ovid Nursing, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Sage, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Google Scholar and repository databases. university students, with MeSH search terms "Ostomy and Rural Population and caregivers", from the last 10 years. These articles provided theoretical analysis for the construction of re-lated thematic categories. Results: The thematic categories obtained are: 1) meaning of hav-ing an ostomy: fate, stigma, change; 2) effects on quality of life: physical and role changes; 3) coping strategies: comprehensive interventions; 4) impact of educational interventions: in the preoperative period and for care; 5) importance of self-care: it facilitates adaptation; and 6) role of caregivers: they assume the burden of care. Conclusions: People with ostomies, their caregivers and families experience different changes in life dynamics and roles, which is why they require health support with emotional support, cognitive and instrumental skills.

Introdução: As pessoas que experienciam uma ostomia de eliminação no âmbito de um trata-mento clínico deparam-se com alterações que impactam a sua qualidade de vida, a nível familiar, social, laboral e económico. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa, que incluiu artigos de todos os desenhos metodológicos em espanhol, inglês e português, disponíveis nas bases de dados Scop-us, Ovid Nursing, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Sage, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Google Scholar e repositório. , com os termos de busca MeSH "Ostomia e população rural e cuidadores", dos últimos 10 anos. Esses artigos forneceram análises teóricas para a construção das categorias temáticas relacionadas.Resultados: As categorias temáticas obtidas são: 1) significado de ter uma estomia: destino, estigma, mudança; 2) efeitos na qualidade de vida: mudanças físicas e de papéis; 3) estratégias de coping: intervenções integrais; 4) impacto das intervenções educativas: no pré-operatório e no cuidado; 5) importância do autocuidado: facilita a adaptação; e 6) papel de cuidador: assumem o ônus do cuidado. Conclusões: As pessoas com ostomias, seus cuidadores e familiares vivenciam diferentes mudanças na dinâmica e nos papéis da vida, pelo que requerem apoio de saúde com suporte emocional, habilidades cognitivas e instrumentais.

Traducción y adaptación transcultural en español de criterios consolidados para reportar investigaciones cualitativas / Spanish Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Consolidated Criteria for Reporting about Qualitative Research

Introducción: Las listas de verificación para reporte de estudios son un recurso necesario para investigadores y revisores; es indispensable contar con listas para estudios cualitativos disponibles en idioma español. Objetivo: Desarrollar la traducción y adaptación transcultural de la lista de verificación Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research al español. Métodos: Se estructuraron cinco fases metodológicas: traducción, síntesis, retrotraducción, prueba piloto y entrega. Cada una auditada por un comité de expertos, que consolidó las distintas versiones de la lista de verificación y generó consensos. Se calculó concordancia entre evaluadores y fiabilidad. Resultados: La traducción y retrotraducción siguieron los pasos metodológicos relacionados con las equivalencias de la lista de verificación original. En la prueba piloto participaron 10 expertos en investigación cualitativa; cuyas evaluaciones llevaron a la mejora del 50 por ciento (n = 16) de los dominios e ítems de la lista, 43,80 por ciento (n = 7) en redacción y 56,20 por ciento (n = 9) en explicación. Después, con la moderación del comité de expertos se implementaron ajustes finales con una equivalencia semántica alta; la valoración de concordancia fue de 0,69 con Kappa de Fleiss y la fiabilidad de 0,88 con Alfa de Cronbach. Conclusiones: Se obtuvo una versión traducida y con adaptación transcultural al español de la lista de verificación Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research que conservó las equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, experimentales y conceptuales de la versión original, útil para el desarrollo de investigaciones cualitativas en salud, pues Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research se ha posicionado como referente de la calidad metodológica, teniendo en cuanta que su aplicación precisa ser contextualizada a la tipología y contenido de cada investigación(AU)

Introduction: Checklists for reporting about studies are a necessary resource for researchers and revisers; it is indispensable to have checklists in Spanish available for qualitative studies. Objective: To carry out the Spanish translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Methods: Five methodological phases were structured: translation, synthesis, back translation, pilot testing and delivery. Each was audited by an expert committee, which consolidated the different versions of the checklist and reached consensus. Inter-rater agreement and reliability were calculated. Results: Both translation and back translation followed the methodological steps related to the equivalences of the original checklist. Ten qualitative research experts participated in the pilot test; their evaluations led to the improvement of 50 percent (n = 16) of the domains and items of the checklist: 43.80 percent (n = 7) in writing and 56.20 percent (n = 9) in explanation. Then, with the revision from the expert committee, final adjustments were implemented in view of a high semantic equivalence; the concordance rating was 0.69 with Fleiss' Kappa and reliability was 0.88 with Cronbach's alpha. Conclusions: A Spanish-translated version, together with a transcultural adaptation, was obtained for the (COREQ) checklist, which preserved the semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences of the original version, useful for the development of qualitative research in health, since the (COREQ) checklist has positioned itself as a reference of methodological quality, taking into account that its application needs to be contextualized according to the typology and content of each research(AU)

Validación facial, confiabilidad y comprensibilidad del cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO, Colombia 2021

Introducción: es fundamental garantizar que los instrumentos de medición al ser usados en contextos distintos a los que fueron desarrollados se ajusten en su lenguaje y compresibilidad; el cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO, en el cual se estableció la prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en áreas metropolitanas de Latinoamérica por la Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, sin incluir población colombiana. Objetivo: realizar validación facial, confiabilidad y comprensibilidad del cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO para la identificación de personas sin enfermedad respiratoria en Colombia, 2021. Metodología: estudio psicométrico que incluyó validez facial por juicio de expertos, prueba de compresibilidad y confiabilidad; la validación facial valoró la coherencia, relevancia y pertinencia de cada ítem, la aplicación del instrumento se hizo en prueba preliminar de compresibilidad, tras la cual se calculó su confiabilidad. Resultados: la validación facial obtuvo concordancia alta, requiriendo mejoras en redacción del instrumento (Kappa de Fleiss: 0,8569; p=0,000). De los 88 participantes, la mayoría eran hombres (n: 75; 85 %), con edad promedio de 23 años (DS: 6,8), el 25 % con antecedentes de enfermedad pulmonar y el 21 % de tabaquismo. La versión ajustada del cuestionario obtuvo una comprensibilidad global del 94 % y un alfa de Cronbach de 0,82. Conclusiones: se obtiene una versión abreviada y adaptada del cuestionario principal usado en el estudio PLATINO para la identificación de personas sanas respiratorias en población colombiana, con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en términos de su validación facial, su confiabilidad y su comprensibilidad.

Introduction: It is essential to guarantee that the measurement instruments, when used in contexts other than those in which they were developed, adjust in their language and comprehensibility. The main questionnaire used in the PLATINO study was developed to establish the prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in metropolitan areas of Latin America by the Latin American Thorax Association, without including the Colombian population. Objective: To perform face validity, reliability and comprehensibility of the main questionnaire used in the PLATINO study for the identification of people without respiratory disease in Colombia, 2021. Materials and methods: Psychometric study that included face validity by expert judgment, compressibility and reliability test. The face validity valued the coherence, relevance and pertinence of each item. The application of the instrument was made in a preliminary compressibility test after which its reliability was calculated. Results: Face validity obtained high concordance requiring improvements in the writing of the document (Fleiss Kappa: 0,8569; p=0,000). Ofthe 88 participants, the majority were men (n: 75; 85%) with a mean age of 23 years (SD: 6.8), 25% with a history of lung disease and 21% with a history of smoking. The adjusted version of the questionnaire obtained a global comprehensibility of 94% and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. Conclusions: An abbreviated and adapted version of the main questionnaire used in the PLATINO study for the identification of respiratory healthy people in the Colombian population was obtained with adequate psychometric properties in terms of its face validity, reliability and comprehensibility.

Introdução: é fundamental garantir que os instrumentos de medição ao ser usados em contextos diferentes aos que foram desenvolvidos se adequam em sua linguagem e compressibilidade; o questionário principal usado no estudo PLATINO se desenvolveu para estabelecer a prevalência de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica em áreas metropolitanas de Latino américa pela Associação Latino-americana do Tórax, sem incluir população colombiana. Objetivo: realizar validação facial, confiabilidade e compreensibilidade do questionário principal usado no estudo PLATINO para a identificação de pessoas sem doença respiratória na Colômbia, 2021. Metodologia: estudo psicométrico que inclui validez facial por juízo de expertos, teste de compressibilidade e confiabilidade; a validação facial valorou a coerência, relevância e pertinência de cada item, a aplicação do instrumento se fez em teste preliminar de compressibilidade, pela qual se calculou sua confiabilidade. Resultados: a validação facial obteve concordância alta, requirindo melhoras em redação do instrumento (Kappa de Fleiss: 0,8569; p=0,000). Dos 88 participantes, a maioria eram homens (n:75; 85 %), com idade média de 23 anos (DS: 6,8), o 25 % com antecedentes de doença pulmonar e o 21 % de tabaquismo. A versão ajustada do questionário obteve uma compreensibilidade global do 94 % e um alfa de Cronbach de 0,82. Conclusões: Obteve-se uma versão abreviada e adaptada do questionário principal usado no estudo PLATINO para a identificação de pessoas sanas sem doenças respiratórias na população colombiana, com adequadas propriedades psicométricas em termos de sua validação facial, sua confiabilidade e sua compreensibilidade.

Valores de referencia de espirometría forzada de adultos residentes sobre o bajo 1500 m s. n. m.: revisión sistemática / Reference values of forced spirometry of adult residents above or below 1500 m.a.s.l.: systematic review

Introducción: La espirometría es una prueba de función pulmonar usada en la valoración de programas de rehabilitación para evaluar exposiciones a tóxicos y alérgenos, en estudios epidemiológicos y en el desarrollo de ecuaciones de referencia en poblaciones específicas; estos valores pueden variar de acuerdo con la altura. Objetivo: Establecer las diferencias entre los valores de referencia de espirometría forzada en población adulta residentes en alturas mayores y menores a 1500 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Métodos: Revisión sistemática, se encontraron 536 estudios, se evaluaron 66 en texto completo, 33 en calidad metodológica con las listas de chequeo Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies y Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies; 21 estudios fueron seleccionados para la revisión y 12 surtieron metanálisis. Resultados: Se contó con 48 923 participantes de alturas entre 2,4 y 4440 m s. n. m. Hay diferencias iniciales al relacionar la altura (+/-1500 m s. n. m) con el VEF1 (hombres: DM 0,29; IC: 0,03-0,55; mujeres: DM 0,27; IC: -0,07-0,60) y los valores de referencia con el sexo: CVF (DM 1,31; IC: 1,24-1,37) y VEF1 (DM: 1,03; IC: 0,95-1,11). Se reportó alta heterogeneidad y riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Discusión: Estas diferencias se dan en función de aspectos antropométricos y fisiológicos como la aclimatación y el envejecimiento pulmonar. Los mecanismos que influyen en estos cambios son la adaptación genética, molecular, fisiológica y anatómica, que permiten compensar los efectos de la hipoxia aguda o crónica, lo cual aumenta la ventilación alveolar y los valores espirométricos. Conclusiones: Los valores de referencia de espirometría varían de acuerdo con la altura (mayores en alturas > 1500 m s. n. m) y el sexo (más elevados en hombres). Es necesario contar con evidencias más amplias y contundentes en la temática.

Introduction: Spirometry is a lung function test used in the evaluation of rehabilitation programs to evaluate exposures to toxics and allergens in epidemiological studies and in the development of reference equations in specific populations; these values may vary according to height. Objective: To establish the differences between the reference values of forced spirometry in the adult population living at altitudes greater than and less than 1,500 meters above sea level. Methods: Systematic review a total of 536 studies were found; 66 were assessed in full text and 33 were assessed for methodological quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies checklists; 21 studies were selected for the review and 12 provided meta-analyses. Results: There were 48,923 participants from heights between 2.4 and 4,440 m.a.s.l. There are initial differences when relating height (+/-1,500 m.a.s.l.) with FEV1 (men: MD 0.29; CI: 0.03-0.55; women: MD 0.27; CI: -0.07-0 .60); and the reference values with gender: FVC (MD 1.31, CI: 1.24-1.37) and FEV1 (MD: 1.03, CI: 0.95-1.11). High heterogeneity and risk of publication bias are reported. Discussion: These differences occur based on anthropometric and physiological aspects such as acclimatization and lung aging. The mechanisms that influence these changes are genetic, molecular, physiological and anatomical adaptations that allow compensation for the effects of acute or chronic hypoxia, which increases alveolar ventilation and spirometric values. Conclusions: The spirometry reference values vary according to height (higher at heights >1,500 m.a.s.l.) and sex (higher in men). It is necessary to have broader and more convincing evidence on the subject.

Study of the physicochemical interactions between Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase and silica-based supports and their correlation with the biochemical activity of the biocatalysts.

The interactions between Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) and phenyl silica-based supports affect the immobilization mechanisms and their catalytic behavior. The modulation of phenyl groups density on the silica surface and porous characteristics were determined by TGA, FTIR, 29Si NMR and N2 adsorption porosimetry. The correlation of the affinity constant and maximum adsorption capacity with the lixiviation results allowed determine differences in the enzyme adsorption mechanism in function of the immobilization pH and phenyl groups density. In the support with low phenyl groups density, the adsorption of a higher amount of enzyme is promoted. However, the pore confinement and the microenvironment generate decrease expressed activity. This can be due to the stiffness and structural changes of the adsorbed enzymes, which were studied by following the thermal stability at 65°C, protein distribution, kinetic parameters and diffusion restrictions. The biocatalyst prepared on support with low density of phenyl groups at pH6.0, exhibits the best balance between expressed activity, thermal stability and immobilization efficiency. This due to homogeneous distribution of the enzyme in the support with phenyl groups, which increases the affinity of the enzyme by the substrate, even the diffusion restrictions decrease the Vmax. These results contribute to rationalize the effects of the immobilization conditions and supports type on its catalytic behavior.

Dinámicas sociales en salud materna con énfasis en la morbilidad materna extrema y aportes de la bioética en su comprensión: una revisión narrativa de la literatura / Social dynamics in maternal health with emphasis on extreme maternal morbidity and contributions of bioethics in its understanding: a narrative review of the literature

El propósito del presente artículo es analizar las dinámicas sociales en salud materna y los aportes de la bioética en su comprensión, haciendo énfasis en la Morbilidad Materna Extrema. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa realizada en las bases de datos Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo y Google Scholar con la estrategia "Maternal Health" AND "Bioethics" OR "Social Justice"; incluyendo artículos en español, inglés y portugués, publicados en los últimos 25 años. En los resultados se incluyeron 79 manuscritos originales y 21 manuscritos de reflexión y revisión, que surtie-ron el análisis descriptivo al generar las siguientes categorías temáticas: 1. Necesidades de atención en salud y de cuidado; 2. Determinantes sociales, factores de riesgo y protectores; 3. Calidad de la aten-ción, experiencias en el tratamiento y barreras de acceso; y 4. Perspectivas éticas y bioéticas de la salud materna. Como conclusión, se pudo afirmar que el abordaje bioético de la salud materna propone categorías de análisis como la justicia, la equidad, la autonomía y el acceso. Además de las condiciones de vida desde la pluralidad cultural y las consideraciones en cuanto a la comunicación y el lenguaje. Lo anterior, implica que desde los sistemas de salud se deben rediseñar los enfoques de atención en salud materna para abordar las vulnerabilidades y potenciar las capacidades de las mujeres. (AU)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the social dynamics in maternal health and the con-tributions of bioethics in its understanding, emphasizing Extreme Maternal Morbidity. In this vein, a narrative review was carried out in the Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo and Google Scholar databases with the "Maternal Health" AND "Bioethics" OR "Social Justice" strategy; including articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese, published in the last 25 years. The results included 79 orig-inal manuscripts and 21 reflection and review manuscripts, which provided the descriptive analysis by generating the following thematic categories: 1. Health care and care needs; 2. Social determinants, risk and protective factors; 3. Quality of care, treatment experiences, and barriers to access; and 4. Ethical and bioethical perspectives of maternal health. In conclusion, it was possible to affirm that the bio-ethical approach to maternal health proposes categories of analysis such as justice, equity, autonomy and access; in addition to the living conditions based on cultural plurality and considerations regard-ing communication and language. The foregoing implies that health systems must redesign maternal health care approaches to address vulnerabilities and enhance the capacities of women.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a dinâmica social na saúde materna e as contribuições da bioética em sua compreensão, com ênfase na Morbidade Materna Extrema.Para isso, umrevisão narrativa realizada nas bases de dados Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo e Google Acadêmico com a estratégia "Saúde Materna" E "Bioética" OR "Justiça Social"; incluindo artigos em es-panhol, inglês e português,publicados nos últimos 25 anos. Os resultados incluíram 79 manuscritos originais e 21 manuscritos de reflexão e revisão, que proporcionaram a análise descritiva gerando as seguintes categorias temáticas: 1. Cuidados em saúde e necessidades de cuidado; 2. Determinantes sociais, fatores de risco e proteção; 3. Qualidade do atendimento, experiências de tratamento e bar-reiras ao acesso; e 4. Perspectivas éticas e bioéticas da saúde materna. Em conclusão, foi possível afirmar que a abordagem bioética da saúde materna propõe categorias de análise como justiça, equidade, autonomia e acesso. Além das condições de vida a partir da pluralidade cultural e consi-derações sobre comunicação e linguagem. O que precede implica que os sistemas de saúde devem redesenhar as abordagens de atenção à saúde materna para abordar as vulnerabilidades e melhorar as capacidades das mulheres.

Structure-activity relationships on the study of ß-galactosidase folding/unfolding due to interactions with immobilization additives: Triton X-100 and ethanol.

Improving the enzyme stability is a challenge for allowing their practical application. The surfactants are stabilizing agents, however, there are still questions about their influence on enzyme properties. The structure-activity/stability relationship for ß-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans is studied here by Circular Dichroism and activity measurements, as a function of temperature and pH. The tendency of preserving the ß-sheet and α-helix structures at temperatures below 65°C and different pH is the result of the balance between the large- and short-range effects, respecting to the active site. This information is fundamental for explaining the structural changes of this enzyme in the presence of Triton X-100 surfactant and ethanol. The enzyme thermal stabilization in the presence of this surfactant responds to the rearrangement of the secondary structure for having optimal activity/stability. The effect of ethanol is more related with changes in the dielectric properties of the aqueous solution than with protein structural transformations. These results contribute to understand the effects of surfactant-enzyme interactions on the enzyme behavior, from the structural point of view and to rationalize the surfactant-based stabilizing strategies for ß-galactosidades.