Tissue banking in Bangladesh: 12 years of experience (2003-2014).

Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research Unit (TBBRU), the only tissue bank of Bangladesh, has been established to create an available supply of human tissue allografts for transplantation in Bangladesh. Since its establishment in 2003, TBBRU strictly follows the guidelines of tissue banking setup by the International Atomic Energy Agency, the European Association of Tissue Banks and the American Association of Tissue Banks. Though started serving from earlier, regular supply of tissue allografts from this bank were documented at the end of 2006. From January 2007 to December 2014, 3747 bones and 5772 amniotic sacs were collected from live tissue donors. During this period, 59,489 cc bone allografts and 23,472 pieces of amniotic membrane allografts were processed. In the same period, 58,483 cc bone allografts and 20,786 pieces membrane were supplied to different hospitals throughout the country on the basis of demand. The outcomes of the concerted efforts of tissue banking professionals and physicians were the restoration of health and hope of 3662 patients during the last 8 years.

Safety and Feasibility of Trans Radial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Approach in Elderly Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Coronary catheterization is usually performed using the transfemoral approach but trans-radial has been increasingly used as an alternative to transfemoral approach due to less vascular complications, earlier ambulation time and improved patient comfort. The aim of the study was to compare the safety and feasibility of trans-radial and transfemoral PCI in the elderly ACS patients. This prospective observational study was conducted in the NICVD, Dhaka from October 2017 to September 2018. Total 80 patients were categorized into two groups according to the approach of PCI. Group I consists 40 patients who underwent trans-radial PCI and Group II consists 40 patients who underwent transfemoral PCI. Patients with abnormal Allen's test, history of CABG, CKD were excluded. Patient's demographics were same in both groups. The mean procedural time in min (37.44±5.13 vs. 34.42±4.42, p=0.004) and fluoroscopy time in min (21.6±4.11 vs. 17.55±2.78, p=0.02) were more in Group I but the mean hemostasis time in min (7.58±1.11 vs. 15.59±3.33, p=0.005) and the ambulation time in hour (0.00±0.00 vs. 15.59±3.33, p=0.001) were more in Group II. Significant arterial spasm following puncture (10.0% vs. 0.0%, p=0.01) were more in Group I. Post procedural major bleeding (0.0% vs. 10.0%, p=0.004), minor bleeding (10.0% vs. 20.0%, p=0.004) were significant in Group II but vessel occlusion (5.0% vs. 0.0%, p=0.02) were significant in Group I. Transradial PCI is safe in respect of procedural and post procedural vascular complications. Transradial procedure leads to improved quality of life after the procedure and thus gives much comfort to the patient. It also shortened mean duration of hospital stay. So transradial approach is an attractive alternative to conventional transfemoral approach in the elderly.

Application of mixed bone graft (autograft+allograft) in the management of giant cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor is a common bone neoplasm. We have initiated a prospective study for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone by mixed (Autograft+Allograft) bone graft in the department of orthopaedics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), during January 2002 to March 2008. A total 28 patients of giant cell tumor of bone were operated. In this study out of 28 cases, male were 11(39.28%) and female were 17(60.72%). Female were predominant. Age of the patients ranging from 11 years to 49 years, mean age 27.03 years. More common in 21 years to 30 years 16(57.14%) of cases. Common sites of lesion were distal & proximal end of femur 11(39.28%), proximal end of tibia 6(21.43%), proximal humerus 3(10.71%) and distal radius 3(10.71%). Final clinical outcome of giant cell tumor of bone treated by thorough curettage of the cavity and filled with mixed bone graft (freeze dried radiation sterilized bone allograft+autogenous bone graft) in which success rate is 75%(21) and recurrence rate is 25%(7). P is <0.001. Follow up period was 4 months to 4 years. From this study it was realized that mixed bone graft is useful graft material for enhancing osteogenic potential as well as maintaining structural integrity for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone.

Attenuation coefficients of soils and some building materials of Bangladesh in the energy range 276-1332 keV.

The linear and mass attenuation coefficients of different types of soil, sand, building materials and heavy beach mineral samples from the Chittagong and Cox's Bazar area of Bangladesh were measured using a high-resolution HPGe detector and the gamma-ray energies 276.1, 302.8, 356.0, 383.8, 661.6 and 1173.2 and 1332.5 keV emitted from point sources of 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co, respectively. The linear attenuation coefficients show a linear relationship with the corresponding densities of the samples studied. The variations of the mass attenuation coefficient with gamma-ray energy were exponential in nature. The measured mass attenuation coefficient values were compared with measurements made in other countries for similar kinds of materials. The values are in good agreement with each other in most cases.

Arsenic and heavy metal concentrations in surface soils and vegetables of Feni district in Bangladesh.

An investigation of various heavy metals including the arsenic (As) poisoning in soils and vegetables in five upazillas under Feni district of Bangladesh was performed by neutron activation technique using the neutron irradiation facilities of TRIGA MARK II research reactor at Bangladesh Atomic Energy Research Establishment (BAERE), Savar, Dhaka. A total of 30 samples (15 surface soils and 15 foodstuffs) were studied in five Upazillas namely as, Sonagazi, Dagan Bhuiya, Feni Sadar, Fulgazi and Parsuram of Feni district taking three samples of each kind from each upazilla. Samples of each kind together with the standard reference material (SRM) were irradiated in the same neutron flux and the gamma-rays of nuclides from the irradiated samples were assessed and screened for As, Br, U, Th, Cr, Sc, Fe, Zn and Co in soils and As, Br, Na, K, Cr, Sc, Fe, Zn and Co in vegetables (i.e; eddoe, taro, green papaya, plantain, potato, callaloo, bottle ground and carambola). The measurement of gamma-rays was carried out by means of a calibrated high resolution HPGe detector. The concentration of product nuclides containing in the irradiated samples was determined from the peak count-rates of prominent gamma-lines for the corresponding nuclides. Among all contaminants, only As, Zn and Cr for both samples were focused because of their higher values compared with the local as well as the world typical values. The present results revealed that the mean levels of As in Parsuram, Feni Sadar and Pulgazi upazillas are higher than the world typical value of 2 mg/kg. The mean values of Zn and Cr for all upazillas are higher than the world typical values 32 and 27.9 mg/kg, respectively. For the case of vegetables, the mean concentration of As is found only in Eddoe (5.33 ppm) and Taro (1.46 ppm) collected from Sonagazi and Feni Sadar upazilla; which are higher than the values in Samta (0.1 ppm for eddoe and 0.44 ppm for taro) under Jessore district of Bangladesh. The mean concentrations of Zn and Cr in all kinds of vegetables are higher compared with the existing local values as well as the world typical values. The mean estimated daily dietary intake of As, Zn and Cr from vegetables are found to be 0.105, 12.47 and 3.53 mg respectively, which are higher than the recommended values of some countries. The consumption of toxic metals in vegetables is a risk for public health in the studied area.

Factors influencing infant/child mortality in Bangladesh: implication for family planning programs and policies.

"This study examined a host of socio-economic and demographic factors (including their interactions) that determine infant/child mortality of married women at the different parity levels in Bangladesh [using data from] a multivariate analysis of the 1975-76 Bangladesh Fertility Survey.... The major hypothesis of this research is that the higher the level of fertility of a married woman, the higher will be her experience of infant/child mortality. However, a woman's family planning practice may interact with fertility and affect the total infant/child deaths...."

Labor force participation and fertility: a study of married women in Bangladesh.

PIP: Most researchers support the notion that a direct negative relationship exists between married women's labor force participation and fertility behavior, yet female employment shows no consistent, general relationship with declining fertility at individual and societal levels. Specific conditions under which employment lowers fertility are therefore explored for the case of Bangladesh. The economic, sociological, and world-system theoretical approaches to the relationship and empirical studies in developing countries including Bangladesh are reviewed. 1975-76 Bangladesh Fertility Survey data on births, deaths, nuptiality, and family planning knowledge and practice for 5772 currently married women of 6513 ever married women under 50 sampled are subjected to multivariate analysis for the study. Analysis revealed that women's modern and traditional occupation as well as higher and secondary education significantly lower their fertility, and that higher age, Islamic religion, use of modern contraceptives, and husband's occupation in transitional and modern sectors have significant positive effects on fertility. The correlation between higher fertility and contraceptive use may be due to women's delay in practicing family planning until reaching desired parity and/or high infant mortality driving women to cease practice in order to replace lost offspring. Future research should be conducted with larger samples and also consider occupations of both husbands and wives. Societal attitudes about women's education should be reformed in support of opening rural schools for women. With 90% of women residing in rural areas and women with traditional occupations having lower fertility, more traditional sector opportunities for women in cottage industry and agriculture production are also recommended, and would help balance skewed urban growth and hypertrophication of the tertiary sector. Finally, motivational efforts should be focused upon encouraging younger instead of older married couples to limit fertility.^ieng