RESUMO
In this study, new strains were isolated from an environment with elevated arsenic levels, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (France), and the diversity of aoxB genes encoding the arsenite oxidase large subunit was investigated. The distribution of bacterial aoxB genes is wider than what was previously thought. AoxB subfamilies characterized by specific signatures were identified. An exhaustive analysis of AoxB sequences from this study and from public databases shows that horizontal gene transfer has likely played a role in the spreading of aoxB in prokaryotic communities.
Assuntos
Archaea/enzimologia , Archaea/metabolismo , Arsenitos/metabolismo , Bactérias/enzimologia , Bactérias/metabolismo , Microbiologia Ambiental , Oxirredutases/genética , Archaea/genética , Archaea/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Arqueal/química , DNA Arqueal/genética , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , França , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oxirredução , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de SequênciaRESUMO
Arsenic-resistant prokaryote diversity is far from being exhaustively explored. In this study, the arsenic-adapted prokaryotic community present in a moderately arsenic-contaminated site near Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (France) was characterized, using metaproteomic and 16S rRNA-encoding gene amplification. High prokaryotic diversity was observed, with a majority of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and a large archaeal community comprising Euryarchaeaota and Thaumarchaeota. Metaproteomic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria are among the active bacteria in this ecosystem. Taken together, these results highlight the unsuspected high diversity of the arsenic-adapted prokaryotic community, with some phyla never having been described in highly arsenic-exposed sites.