TwinsMX: Exploring the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Health Traits in the Mexican Population.

TwinsMX registry is a national research initiative in Mexico that aims to understand the complex interplay between genetics and environment in shaping physical and mental health traits among the country's population. With a multidisciplinary approach, TwinsMX aims to advance our knowledge of the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying ethnic variations in complex traits and diseases, including behavioral, psychometric, anthropometric, metabolic, cardiovascular and mental disorders. With information gathered from over 2800 twins, this article updates the prevalence of several complex traits; and describes the advances and novel ideas we have implemented such as magnetic resonance imaging. The future expansion of the TwinsMX registry will enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in shaping health and disease in the Mexican population. Overall, this report describes the progress in the building of a solid database that will allow the study of complex traits in the Mexican population, valuable not only for our consortium, but also for the worldwide scientific community, by providing new insights of understudied genetically admixed populations.

Topological insight of immune-vascular distribution in peri-implantitis lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the distribution of macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and blood vessels in peri-implantitis compared to healthy aged gingiva samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study included eight gingival samples from peri-implantitis and eight from periodontally healthy individuals. By immunofluorescence were identified neutrophils, NK cells, macrophages, and their pro-inflammatory or pro-healing phenotypes, and blood vessels. Two ROIs were designated as zone 1, connective tissue closest to the epithelium and zone 2, connective tissue over 200 microns from the rete ridges. Immune cells and vascular structures were quantified and characterized according to their distribution in both zones. RESULTS: Two peri-implantitis zones were characterized by unique macrophage phenotypes and blood vessel architecture. Blood vessels were larger in zone 2 in peri-implantitis. A greater number of NK cells and macrophages were found in peri-implantitis compared to healthy aged samples. A higher presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages was found in zone 1 compared to zone 2. A similar proportion of pro-inflammatory and pro-healing macrophages were found in zone 2. CONCLUSION: A specific distribution for pro-inflammatory macrophages and vascular architecture is observed in peri-implantitis. TNF-α colocalizes with macrophages in the connective tissue near rete ridges. NK cells are more abundant in peri-implantitis than in healthy samples.

Toward Sensor Measurement Reliability in Blockchains.

In this work, a secure architecture to send data from an Internet of Things (IoT) device to a blockchain-based supply chain is presented. As is well known, blockchains can process critical information with high security, but the authenticity and accuracy of the stored and processed information depend primarily on the reliability of the information sources. When this information requires acquisition from uncontrolled environments, as is the normal situation in the real world, it may be, intentionally or unintentionally, erroneous. The entities that provide this external information, called Oracles, are critical to guarantee the quality and veracity of the information generated by them, thus affecting the subsequent blockchain-based applications. In the case of IoT devices, there are no effective single solutions in the literature for achieving a secure implementation of an Oracle that is capable of sending data generated by a sensor to a blockchain. In order to fill this gap, in this paper, we present a holistic solution that enables blockchains to verify a set of security requirements in order to accept information from an IoT Oracle. The proposed solution uses Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) to address the security requirements of integrity and device trustworthiness, as well as a novel Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) based on a blockchain for authenticity, traceability, and data freshness. The solution is then implemented on Ethereum and evaluated regarding the fulfillment of the security requirements and time response. The final design has some flexibility limitations that will be approached in future work.

Longitudinal CSF Iron Pathway Proteins in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: Associations with Ventricle Size and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain injury and hydrocephalus after preterm germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage, however, it is unknown how external or endogenous intraventricular clearance of iron pathway proteins affect the outcome in this group. METHODS: This prospective multicenter cohort included patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) who underwent (1) temporary and permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and (2) Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III testing around 2 years of age. CSF proteins in the iron handling pathway were analyzed longitudinally and compared to ventricle size and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria with a median estimated gestational age at birth of 25 weeks; 65% were boys. Ventricular CSF levels of hemoglobin, iron, total bilirubin, and ferritin decreased between temporary and permanent CSF diversion with no change in CSF levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hepcidin. There was an increase in CSF hemopexin during this interval. Larger ventricle size at permanent CSF diversion was associated with elevated CSF ferritin (p = 0.015) and decreased CSF hemopexin (p = 0.007). CSF levels of proteins at temporary CSF diversion were not associated with outcome, however, higher CSF transferrin at permanent CSF diversion was associated with improved cognitive outcome (p = 0.015). Importantly, longitudinal change in CSF iron pathway proteins, ferritin (decrease), and transferrin (increase) were associated with improved cognitive (p = 0.04) and motor (p = 0.03) scores and improved cognitive (p = 0.04), language (p = 0.035), and motor (p = 0.008) scores, respectively. INTERPRETATION: Longitudinal changes in CSF transferrin (increase) and ferritin (decrease) are associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal PHH, with implications for understanding the pathogenesis of poor outcomes in PHH. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:217-226.

TMPRSS11a is a novel age-altered, tissue specific regulator of migration and wound healing.

Aging is a gradual biological process characterized by a decrease in cellular and organism functions. Aging-related processes involve changes in the expression and activity of several proteins. Here, we identified the transmembrane protease serine 11a (TMPRSS11a) as a new age-specific protein that plays an important role in skin wound healing. TMPRSS11a levels increased with age in rodent and human skin and gingival samples. Strikingly, overexpression of TMPRSS11a decreased cell migration and spreading, and inducing cellular senescence. Mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and functional analyses revealed that TMPRSS11a interacts with integrin ß1 through an RGD sequence contained within the C-terminal domain and that this motif was relevant for cell migration. Moreover, TMPRSS11a was associated with cellular senescence, as shown by overexpression and downregulation experiments. In agreement with tissue-specific expression of TMPRSS11a, shRNA-mediated downregulation of this protein improved wound healing in the skin, but not in the skeletal muscle of old mice, where TMPRSS11a is undetectable. Collectively, these findings indicate that TMPRSS11a is a tissue-specific factor relevant for wound healing, which becomes elevated with aging, promoting cellular senescence and inhibiting cell migration and skin repair.

RESEKRA: Remote Enrollment Using SEaled Keys for Remote Attestation.

This paper presents and implements a novel remote attestation method to ensure the integrity of a device applicable to decentralized infrastructures, such as those found in common edge computing scenarios. Edge computing can be considered as a framework where multiple unsupervised devices communicate with each other with lack of hierarchy, requesting and offering services without a central server to orchestrate them. Because of these characteristics, there are many security threats, and detecting attacks is essential. Many remote attestation systems have been developed to alleviate this problem, but none of them can satisfy the requirements of edge computing: accepting dynamic enrollment and removal of devices to the system, respecting the interrupted activity of devices, and last but not least, providing a decentralized architecture for not trusting in just one Verifier. This security flaw has a negative impact on the development and implementation of edge computing-based technologies because of the impossibility of secure implementation. In this work, we propose a remote attestation system that, through using a Trusted Platform Module (TPM), enables the dynamic enrollment and an efficient and decentralized attestation. We demonstrate and evaluate our work in two use cases, attaining acceptance of intermittent activity by IoT devices, deletion of the dependency of centralized verifiers, and the probation of continuous integrity between unknown devices just by one signature verification.

Sensing Capacity in Dysprosium Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on 5-Aminoisophthalic Acid Ligand.

Two novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), based on dysprosium as the metal and the 5-aminoisophthalic acid (5aip) ligand, have been solvothermally synthesized, with the aim of studying and modulating their luminescence properties according to the variation of solvent in the structure. These materials display intense photo-luminescence properties in the solid state at room temperature. Interestingly, one fascinating sensory capacity of compound 2 regards obtaining a variation of the signal, depending on the solvent to which it is exposed. These results pave the way for a new generation of sensitive chemical sensors.

Selectivity of Relative Humidity Using a CP Based on S-Block Metal Ions.

Herein, we present the syntheses of a novel coordination polymer (CP) based on the perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate (pery) linkers and sodium metal ions. We have chosen sodium metal center with the aim of surmising the effect that the modification of the metal ion may have on the relative humidity (RH) experimental measurements of the material. We confirm the role of the ions in the functionalization of the deposited layer by modifying their selectivity towards moisture content, paving the way to the generation of sensitive and selective chemical sensors.

Brain injury, endothelial injury and inflammatory markers are elevated and express sex-specific alterations after COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: Although COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, all organs can be affected including the brain. To date, specific investigations of brain injury markers (BIM) and endothelial injury markers (EIM) have been limited. Additionally, a male bias in disease severity and mortality after COVID-19 is evident globally. Sex differences in the immune response to COVID-19 may mediate this disparity. We investigated BIM, EIM and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine (CC) levels after COVID-19 and in across sexes. METHODS: Plasma samples from 57 subjects at < 48 h of COVID-19 hospitalization, and 20 matched controls were interrogated for the levels of six BIMs-including GFAP, S100B, Syndecan-1, UCHLI, MAP2 and NSE, two EIMs-including sICAM1 and sVCAM1. Additionally, several cytokines/chemokines were analyzed by multiplex. Statistical and bioinformatics methods were used to measure differences in the marker profiles across (a) COVID-19 vs. controls and (b) men vs. women. RESULTS: Three BIMs: MAP2, NSE and S100B, two EIMs: sICAM1 and sVCAM1 and seven CCs: GRO IL10, sCD40L, IP10, IL1Ra, MCP1 and TNFα were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the COVID-19 cohort compared to controls. Bioinformatics analysis reveal a stronger positive association between BIM/CC/EIMs in the COVID-19 cohort. Analysis across sex revealed that several BIMs and CCs including NSE, IL10, IL15 and IL8 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in men compared to women. Men also expressed a more robust BIM/ EIM/CC association profile compared to women. CONCLUSION: The acute elevation of BIMs, CCs, and EIMs and the robust associations among them at COVID-19 hospitalization are suggestive of brain and endothelial injury. Higher BIM and inflammatory markers in men additionally suggest that men are more susceptible to the risk compared to women.

Pseudocereals: a novel source of biologically active peptides.

The interest in the research about underexploited foods has increased in the last two decades. Pseudocereals have been consumed by the ancient populations for hundreds of years. These plants that do not belong to the family of cereals, but that have properties and uses similar to them, stand out among underexploited foods. Some of the most representative species are quinoa, amaranth, chia and buckwheat. They do not contain gluten but high valued proteins and peptides can be obtained from them, as well as other nutritional and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic and antihypertensive properties have been found and postulated for pseudocereals protein derived peptides. These interesting characteristics of pseudocereals are producing an increase of the relevance of these crops. The purpose of this work was to carry out an exhaustive revision of the scientific literature describing the biological activities of peptides and protein hydrolysates obtained from the most widely studied pseudocereals: quinoa, amaranth, chia and buckwheat.

Modulation of human intestinal microbiota in a clinical trial by consumption of a ß-D-glucan-enriched extract obtained from Lentinula edodes.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic, immune- and microbiota-modulatory effect of a mushroom extract in hypercholesterolemic subjects. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial was carried out with subjects from 18 to 65 years old (n = 52) with untreated mild hypercholesterolemia. Volunteers consumed a ß-D-glucan-enriched (BGE) mixture (10.4 g/day) obtained from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) ensuring a 3.5 g/day of fungal ß-D-glucans or a placebo incorporated in three different commercial creams. RESULTS: This mixture showed hypocholesterolemic activities in vitro and in animal studies. After eight weeks intervention, no significant differences in lipid- or cholesterol-related parameters were found compared to placebo subjects as well as before and after the BGE mixture administration. No inflammatory or immunomodulatory responses were noticed and no changes in IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α or oxLDL were recorded. However, consumption of the BGE mixture was safe and managed to achieve the dietary fibre intake recommended as cardiovascular protective diet. Moreover, the BGE mixture modulated the colonic microbiota differently compared to placebo. Microbial community composition varied from before to after the intervention with several genera being positively or negatively correlated with some biomarkers related to cholesterol metabolism. CONCLUSION: These results suggested a relation between cholesterol metabolism, microbiota and BGE administration. Nevertheless, the precise significance of this differential modulation was not fully elucidated and requires further studies.

Camera-LiDAR Multi-Level Sensor Fusion for Target Detection at the Network Edge.

There have been significant advances regarding target detection in the autonomous vehicle context. To develop more robust systems that can overcome weather hazards as well as sensor problems, the sensor fusion approach is taking the lead in this context. Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and camera sensors are two of the most used sensors for this task since they can accurately provide important features such as target´s depth and shape. However, most of the current state-of-the-art target detection algorithms for autonomous cars do not take into consideration the hardware limitations of the vehicle such as the reduced computing power in comparison with Cloud servers as well as the reduced latency. In this work, we propose Edge Computing Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) devices as hardware support due to their computing capabilities for machine learning algorithms as well as their reduced power consumption. We developed an accurate and small target detection model for these devices. Our proposed Multi-Level Sensor Fusion model has been optimized for the network edge, specifically for the Google Coral TPU. As a result, high accuracy results are obtained while reducing the memory consumption as well as the latency of the system using the challenging KITTI dataset.

Cellular response of human apical papilla cells to calcium hydroxide and tricalcium silicate-based cements.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the biological response of human apical papilla cells to different calcium hydroxide formulations and three tricalcium silicate-based materials. METHODS: Primary cells were obtained from explants of young immature premolars. 20,000 cells adhered for 24 h over discs of Biodentine™, ProRoot®MTA, BioRoot®RCS and calcium hydroxide mixed either with sodium chloride 0.9%w/v or polyethylene glycol and UltraCal® were used to evaluate cell adhesion by scanning electron microscopy and cell viability by MTT assay. RESULTS: Cells adhered to ProRoot®MTA showed an increase of F-actin like protrusions, suggesting bioactivity. Cells adhered to UltraCal® show protrusion such as filopodia. On the contrary, cells adhered to BioRoot®RCS showed no signs of any cellular protrusion. Regarding viability between the materials, we found a higher percentage of viability in cells cultured over discs of Biodentine™ and ProRoot®MTA. CONCLUSION: ProRoot®MTA and Biodentine™ exhibit a better cellular response of human apical papilla cells in vitro conditions compared to BioRoot® and calcium hydroxide diluted in sodium chloride.

Intraventricular Hemorrhage Clearance in Human Neonatal Cerebrospinal Fluid: Associations With Hydrocephalus.

Background and Purpose- Preterm neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are at risk for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and poor neurological outcomes. Iron has been implicated in ventriculomegaly, hippocampal injury, and poor outcomes following IVH. We hypothesized that levels of cerebrospinal fluid blood breakdown products and endogenous iron clearance proteins in neonates with IVH differ from those of neonates with IVH who subsequently develop posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Methods- Premature neonates with an estimated gestational age at birth <30 weeks who underwent lumbar puncture for clinical evaluation an average of 2 weeks after birth were evaluated. Groups consisted of controls (n=16), low-grade IVH (grades I-II; n=4), high-grade IVH (grades III-IV; n=6), and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (n=9). Control subjects were preterm neonates born at <30 weeks' gestation without brain abnormality or hemorrhage on cranial ultrasound, who underwent lumbar puncture for clinical purposes. Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin, total bilirubin, total iron, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin were quantified. Results- Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin levels were increased in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus compared with high-grade IVH (9.45 versus 6.06 µg/mL, P<0.05) and cerebrospinal fluid ferritin levels were increased in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus compared with controls (511.33 versus 67.08, P<0.01). No significant group differences existed for the other cerebrospinal fluid blood breakdown and iron-handling proteins tested. We observed positive correlations between ventricular enlargement (frontal occipital horn ratio) and ferritin (Pearson r=0.67), hemoglobin (Pearson r=0.68), and total bilirubin (Pearson r=0.69). Conclusions- Neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus had significantly higher levels of hemoglobin than those with high-grade IVH. Levels of blood breakdown products, hemoglobin, ferritin, and bilirubin correlated with ventricular size. There was no elevation of several iron-scavenging proteins in cerebrospinal fluid in neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocpehalus, indicative of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus as a disease state occurring when endogenous iron clearance mechanisms are overwhelmed.

EB1- and EB2-dependent anterograde trafficking of TRPM4 regulates focal adhesion turnover and cell invasion.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a Ca2+-activated nonselective cationic channel involved in a wide variety of physiologic and pathophysiological processes. Bioinformatics analyses of the primary sequence of TRPM4 allowed us to identify a putative motif for interaction with end-binding (EB) proteins, which are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins. Here, we provide novel data suggesting that TRPM4 interacts with EB proteins. We show that mutations of the putative EB binding motif abolish the TRPM4-EB interaction, leading to a reduced expression of the mature population of the plasma membrane channel and instead display an endoplasmic reticulum-associated distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EB1 and EB2 proteins are required for TRPM4 trafficking and functional activity. Finally, we demonstrated that the expression of a soluble fragment containing the EB binding motif of TRPM4 reduces the plasma membrane expression of the channel and affects TRPM4-dependent focal adhesion disassembly and cell invasion processes.-Blanco, C., Morales, D., Mogollones, I., Vergara-Jaque, A., Vargas, C., Álvarez, A., Riquelme, D., Leiva-Salcedo, E., González, W., Morales, D., Maureira, D., Aldunate, I., Cáceres, M., Varela, D., Cerda, O. EB1- and EB2-dependent anterograde trafficking of TRPM4 regulates focal adhesion turnover and cell invasion.

Effect of sevoflurane and propofol on tourniquet-induced endothelial damage: a pilot randomized controlled trial for knee-ligament surgery.

BACKGROUND: The glycocalyx layer is a key structure in the endothelium. Tourniquet-induced ischemic periods are used during orthopedic surgery, and the reactive oxygen species generated after ischemia-reperfusion may mediate the shedding of the glycocalyx. Here, we describe the effects of tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion and compare the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on the release of endothelial biomarkers after ischemia-reperfusion in knee-ligament surgery. METHODS: This pilot, single-center, blinded, randomized, controlled trial included 16 healthy patients. After spinal anesthesia, hypnosis was achieved with sevoflurane or propofol according to randomization. During the perioperative period, five venous blood samples were collected for quantification of syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, and thrombomodulin from blood serum by using ELISA assays kits. Sample size calculation was performed to detect a 25% change in the mean concentration of syndecan-1 with an alpha of 0.05 and power of 80%. RESULTS: For our primary outcome, a two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction analysis showed no differences in syndecan-1 concentrations between the sevoflurane and propofol groups at any time point. In the sevoflurane group, we noted an increase in syndecan-1 concentrations 90 min after tourniquet release in the sevoflurane group from 34.6 ± 24.4 ng/mL to 47.9 ± 29.8 ng/mL (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.01) that was not observed in patients randomized to the propofol group. The two-way ANOVA showed no intergroup differences in heparan sulfate and thrombomodulin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Superficial endothelial damage without alterations in the cell layer integrity was observed after tourniquet knee-ligament surgery. There was no elevation in serum endothelial biomarkers in the propofol group patients. Sevoflurane did not show the protective effect observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov (ref: NCT03772054, Registered 11 December 2018).

Optimization of Cost-Effective and Reproducible Flexible Humidity Sensors Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks.

In this letter, we present the extension of a previous work on a cost-effective method for fabricating highly sensitive humidity sensors on flexible substrates with a reversible response, allowing precise monitoring of the humidity threshold. In that work we demonstrated the use of three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) film deposition based on the perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylate linker, potassium as metallic center and the interspacing of silver interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) as humidity sensors. In this work, we study one of the most important issues in efficient and reproducible mass production, which is to optimize the most important processes' parameters in their fabrication, such as controlling the thickness of the sensor's layers. We demonstrate this method not only allows for the creation of humidity sensors, but it also is possible to change the humidity value that changes the actuator state.

treNch: Ultra-Low Power Wireless Communication Protocol for IoT and Energy Harvesting.

Although the number of Internet of Things devices increases every year, efforts to decrease hardware energy demands and to improve efficiencies of the energy-harvesting stages have reached an ultra-low power level. However, no current standard of wireless communication protocol (WCP) can fully address those scenarios. Our focus in this paper is to introduce treNch, a novel WCP implementing the cross-layer principle to use the power input for adapting its operation in a dynamic manner that goes from pure best-effort to nearly real time. Together with the energy-management algorithm, it operates with asynchronous transmissions, synchronous and optional receptions, short frame sizes and a light architecture that gives control to the nodes. These features make treNch an optimal option for wireless sensor networks with ultra-low power demands and severe energy fluctuations. We demonstrate through a comparison with different modes of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) a decrease of the power consumption in 1 to 2 orders of magnitude for different scenarios at equal quality of service. Moreover, we propose some security optimizations, such as shorter over-the-air counters, to reduce the packet overhead without decreasing the security level. Finally, we discuss other features aside of the energy needs, such as latency, reliability or topology, brought again against BLE.

Wearable System for Biosignal Acquisition and Monitoring Based on Reconfigurable Technologies.

Wearable monitoring devices are now a usual commodity in the market, especially for the monitoring of sports and physical activity. However, specialized wearable devices remain an open field for high-risk professionals, such as military personnel, fire and rescue, law enforcement, etc. In this work, a prototype wearable instrument, based on reconfigurable technologies and capable of monitoring electrocardiogram, oxygen saturation, and motion, is presented. This reconfigurable device allows a wide range of applications in conjunction with mobile devices. As a proof-of-concept, the reconfigurable instrument was been integrated into ad hoc glasses, in order to illustrate the non-invasive monitoring of the user. The performance of the presented prototype was validated against a commercial pulse oximeter, while several alternatives for QRS-complex detection were tested. For this type of scenario, clustering-based classification was found to be a very robust option.

Drugs With Anticholinergic Potential and Risk of Falls With Hip Fracture in the Elderly Patients: A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between the use of anticholinergic drugs and the risk of falls with hip fracture in a population older than 60 years. METHODS: A case-control study in patients older than 60 years with a diagnosis of hip fracture. All drugs dispensed during the previous 30 days were identified. Sociodemographic, clinical, pharmacological (drugs according to the Anticholinergic Risk Scale [ARS]), and polypharmacy variables were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS: Falls with hip fracture and type of drug according to the ARS. RESULTS: A total of 300 patients with hip fracture and 600 controls were included. The mean age was 81.6 ± 8.9 years, with female predominance (71.3%). The use of drugs with moderate (odds ratio [OR]: 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.27) or high ARS scores (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.13-2.96) increased the probability of fracture. CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between the use of drugs with anticholinergic properties and the probability of hip fracture in elderly patients and it was possible to establish the level of risk.